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'^ fiZSTORT 

OF 

PHILIP'S WAR, 

: COMMONLY CALLED 

S7BB oasAT zsroz^sr ixtab; or i675 

J JMSLJ} 1676. 

' ALSO, 

or THB FRENCH AXO IVOJAN WARS AT THE EASTWAED, 

IN 1689, 1690, 1692, 1696, and 1704. 
\ Bt THOMAS CHURCH, Es^. 



WIT|I 

NUMEROUS NOTES 

to ZXPLArir THE HTVATIOSr OP THK PLACES OP BATTLES, THlf 

PARTICCLAR OKOGRAPHY OF THE RAVAOED COUHTRT* 

AAD THE IIV-ES OF THK PRIltClPAL PERSOHS 

ENOAOEXI IN THOSE WARS. i 

ALSO, 

AN APPENDIX, 

Containing an acconnt of the treatment of the natives by the early voyag* 

era, the settlement of N. England by the forefathers, the Pequut 

War, narratives of persons carried into captivity, anecdotes 

of the Indians, and the most important late Indian 

wars to the time of the Creek War. 



Bt SAMUEL G* DRAKE. 



\ 



SECOND EDITION WITH PLATES. 



^^S%» unexampled ^ hicveraents of our fathers should not bo for^tten, 
1 Washi^oto*. 

What wars they wagM, what seas, wliat dangers past, 
. ^'Vhat Etoriouii empire crown "d their toils at last Camoeks. 

BOSTON: 
FRIKTED BY >nLO MOWER; & CO, 

1829 



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PISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS— TO wit •. 

DUtrict Clerk's Office, 
Be it rimembered. That on the eighth day of January, A.D. * 
'CL. S.) 1827, in the fifty-first year of the l94ependence of the United 

States 9f Anierica, Samue) G. Di-ake, of tlie said District, haa • 
deposited in this office the title of a Book, tfa« rij^ht vdiercof he claims aa 
proprietor in the urords following, TO wit : 

" The History of Philip's War, commonly called the Groat Indian War / 
of 1675 and 1676. Also, of the French and Indian Wars at the Eastward, / 
in 1689, l6d(K 1692,1696, and 1704. By Thomas Churph, Esq.— With nu-^ 
merous notes to explain the situation of the places of Battles, the particular ;^ 
Geography of the ravaige4 Country, and the livQsof the principad persons C 
engaged in thoite wars. Also, an Appendix, containing an account of th« ' 
Treatment of the Natives by the early Foyagcrs, the settlement of N. f 
England by the Forefathers, the PeqiuH War, narratives of persons carriy 



ed into captivity, anecdotes of the Indians, and the most important lat«^ 
Indian Wars to the time of the Crock War. By Samuel G. Drake, be- v 
cond Edition wiih plates. 



The unexampled achievements of our fathers should not be forgotten. 

Waahingtonm . 
What wars they wag*d, what seas, what dangers past, ( 

"What glorious empire crown'd their toils at last. CamocriM.^ 

In conformity to the A^t of the Congress of the United States, cntitle4 
'•• An Act for tiie I'lp.couragement of Learning, by securing tlie Copies 
of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Cop- 
ies, during the times th^reii) mentioDje.d :" an.d also to an Act entitled 
*' An Act Bupplomcnt^y to au Act entitled, An Act for the Encourage- j 
meut of Learning, by securjuig llic Copies of Maps, Clxarts and Books toy 
the Authors and^ Proprietors of such Copies during the times thereiiU^ 
mentioned : &ntf*extending the benefits thereof to the Arts of Designing 
iilu^raviu^ an4 Etching Historical and other prints.** 



JOHN W. DAVIS, J ^j^ Masaachus€U9. 



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^ THE EDITOR'S PREFACE- 



f^HURCH's History of " King Philip's War," &c. 
was first published at Boston, in 1716, in quarto. It 
was reprinted in Newport, in 1772, in octavo. I have 
never met with a copy of the first edition, therefore 
I copy from the second.^ This is now very scarce 
and rarely to be met with* It is however preserved 
in sortie private libraries in the old colony, in the Athe* 
neum at Boston, and- other literary institutions there 

j and elsewhere. 

^ The lamentable manner in which Hutchinson in 

I his History of Massachusetts passed over the Indian 
wars, causes us much regret, and a desire to catch 
at every thing that can give any light upon them. He 
is particular in relating the . witch affairs of the co- 
lony, but when we have followed! him into Philip's 

^ war, bein^ led at first with interesting particulars^, 

he stops short and says, " It is not mv design to enter 

into every minute circumstance of the war." But 

X does^ not tell us why. This is the more to be la* 

' mented, as hrs means were more ample for such his^- 

tory than can now be had. 

In 1825 I published a small edition of this history, 
containing however but few additions to the old, 
which bemg immediately taken up, occasioned the 
early appearance of this. In an early period it was 
designed to publish the work as it now appears. Ac- 
cordingly many valuable papers and rare vr<yLk& Vv^^ 
been collected but not used uv \ii^ &k^X ^^x^c^m^^^i^ 



*rO«r 



IV THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. ^ 

account of the magnitude and early promise of the 
work. # 

The papers had been much forwarded previous to 
the Courtstreet fire, of 10 November, 1825, in the 
temc of which a trunk was stolen, containing many 
of the manuscript notes, relating particularly to the 
biography of tlie principal persons that figured in 
the Indian wars. These in many instances I could 
not restore, which is very much regretted; though 
not more than my want of information on subjects 
in general. But a consciousness is felt, that some- 
thing though small, is redeemed from oblivion, which 
will be thought valuable by posterity. 

Of such gentlemen as have had the opportunities 
of many years to examipc tlie history of our country, 
together with every .'idvantngo from access to all pub- 
lick and private documeuts, I have every indulgence 
to ask. . 

In regard to the accurate performance of the work, 
I can only observe, that a"* scrupulous regard to 
accuracy has beea paid; yet, errours may hav^ 
been committed, but m no case inadvertently. And 
as our most authentick historians have failed in many 
of these points, perfection will not be expected in me. 

The same indulgence for the commission of literal 
erroiu's, as for others^ is splicited, though the excuse 
for such cannot be so good ; but if every thing be found 
•simple, and easy to be undeVstood, my chief aiip is 
answered- For so " all historical memoirs (says Dr. 
.Colmao) should be written." In a number of parti- 
culars I have deviated from common usage ; but ia 
none -without good reasons, and tome satisfactory. 
As one instaace it is observed^ that compound names 
of places, in general, are written like simple names. 
For this deviation from general custom, no apology 
win be expected of me-, as it has been proved to be 
preferable by a writer of great eminence.*" 

"JoelBsirloWy Emq, See his Co\\imVv^v\««i^*t^ ^^^"^v 



•; 






Trii: EDIT6tt'S PREFACE. 



] In correcting the text, superfluous words are some- 

') times ]eft out ; but this [ — 1 sign is substituted, and 
the word or words omitted are given in Uie margin 

^j included by the same marks. When a word is al« 
> tered, it is also included in brackets, and the word 
} given in the margin as it stood in the original, and 
mcluded in the same way. All words, presumed to 
be wanting, are inserted between brackets without 
reference to the margin, and are by the present editor. 
All notes included by the parenthesis were by the 
former editor, and attached to tlie old edition. 

I should take it as a great kindness, should any 
|>erson communicate to me any information where it 

\ is presumed to be wanting in the notes to this work ; 
or point out any crrours in what is already done, that 
future editions may be more perfect. 

It being the particular design of this edition to 
render it uniform and consistent with respect to ar- 
rangement and '* originality" of expression, few lib- 
erties have been taken with the composition ; few in- 
deed, unless pointed out as above expressed. In 
some instances however, some connective particles 
have been dropped and the signs omitted. But in 
such cases what is omitted was superfluous tautology. 
Therefore the reader may be assured that the text is 
correctly copied. From the present appearance of 
the work, its former erroneous composition is too 
easily discovered ; yet it is some consolation, that in- 
numerable errours have been detected, and general- 
ly, inasmuch as the design of the subject would adm' t. 
It was thought advisable to accompany the woik 
with an 'Appendix, wherein something new, or of later 
date might be given, as youn^ persons generally 
prefer new things to old. It was rather difficult to 
make the selection for this part, not for want of ma- 
terials, but because they were so numerous ; and so 
many seem to deserve the same attention. But the 
articles are authentick, and as interesting, :t is pre- 
sumed^ as can be found. 



W TUg EDITOR'S PREFACE. ^ 

As there arc different cditioiis of many of the aa- 
(hors cited in this work) for tlic cuitvenicncc of re- 
ference, a table, contatQing the chief of them, is. 
here given. 



iNbtarr i xH""' '"' 




"'".■'"' 


Wh., 


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J.nfcrldjf 






































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w^Z'" 


css,i.a 


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17a, 





In additien to. the above list, ataay works have 
t)ecn Gonsulled, but tlie' assistance iiom them. lias, 
beeji smaller. Somooftiie most important are Hiib- 
bard's History of Ncvven gland. Stiles' History of the 
Judges, Whitney's History of Worcester, nod the 
Histories of several of the sourixeiB states. The free 
ii^e I have made oi every anthor's worlis is amply ac- 

' knowledged in the notes. Ileferciic& is made to some 
late editions of works m preference to, the first, not 
only as they are more imiform, bwt because they will 

now be oiieoer metwith^ BaXka mosX t^jwift »i<i\v 



tHE EDITORS PREFACE. vii 

have been compared with the originals. To two 
works in particular, it was thought most advisable j 
namely, Penhallow's "Wars of IN. England," and 
Prince's Annals. The first of these is now reprinted 
in the I Vol. of the N, H. Hist. Soc. Col., which, 
though not so perfect as it might have been, is, on the 
whole, a work to be prized. A handsome edition in 
octa;vo of the valuable Annals was published last 
ye*ar, by Messrs. Cuinmings, Ililli^rd, and Company, 
Boston. Though this is not exactly reprinted, yet, no- 
thing is altered, that I have met witli, but for the bet- 
ter ; and, excepting a few typographical errours, is 
splendidly executed. 

Having already drawn out my preface to too great 
a length, the whole is submitted without any apolo- 
gyf And the publisher takes this opportunity of 
giving his grateful respects to all his patrons, and 
with pleasure subscribea himself, their much obliged 
and smidQs^Mend. 

SAMUEL G. DRAKE. 

Bosiony 2 January ^ 1827. 



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(The following is an exact copy of the title page 
of the old edition.] 



THE 

ENTERTAINII^G 

HISTORY 

or 

KING PHILIP'S WAR, 

WHICH BEGAN IN THE MOKTH OF JUKEj 1675. 

AS Ai<so or 

EXPEDITIONS 

MORE LATELY MADE 

GAINST THE COMMON ENEMT, AND INDIAN REBELS, IN THE 
EASTERN PARTS OF NEW-£N6I>AND: 

r 

WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE 

TOWARDS 

COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH : 

Br THOMAS CHURCH, Esft. his son. 

~__ SECOND EDITION. 

BOSTdN r PRINTED, 1716. 

VftWPORT, RHODE-ISLAND *. REPRINTED AND SOLD BT 
SOLOMON 80VTHWICK, IN <iUE£N-STR£ET, 177^ 



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TO THE READER. 



i HE. subject of this following na; rraive, oficrin,^ il- 
ficlf to your friendly perusal, relate.? to the ibrmcr and 
later wars of T^'ewengland, which I myself wos not a 
little concerneil in : For in the yerir 1 G7;5, that unh-^ppy 
and bioody Indian war broke cut in Plyinoiith coi*> 
nyj where I was then building, and beginning a 
plantation, at a place called by ih) Iiidi-ins, Sog- 
konate, and since, by the Englisli, Little Compton. 
I ivas.tte first Eiiglishman that built upon that neck, 
which.was full of Indians. My head and hands were 
full about settling a new plantation, where nothing 
was brought to ; no preparation of dwelling house, or 
outhouses, or fi^cina made; horses and cattle wer^ 
to be provided, ground to bo clecrrel aiid broken upj- 
and the utmost caution to be usocl, to kcepmysclT 
•free from oiTenfiing my Indian neighbours .lil round 
about me. While I was thus busily employed, and 
ell mv time and strength laid out in this laborious 
undertakinir, 1 -received a 6onuii:r siou from the 20- 
vemment to engage in their dofcnco : And witli my 
commission I received anotlier heart, inclining mo 
to put fortJi my strength in military serrice : And 
• through the grace of God I was s^pirited for tiiat 
work, and direction in it was roiicwed to n>o day by 
day. And altliough many of the actions that I was 
concerned in were very difficrdt and dangerous, yet, 
m^/self,, and those who went witli me voluntarily in 
the service, Iiad our lives, for the most part, wonder- 
fully preserve^ .bvtfie overruling hand of the Al- 
. mighty from lirst «t^ last ; which doth aloud bespeak 
our praises : iWd to declare his wonderful v;<^\\^.'$, \^ 
our indiiJ/;en5abJe duty. 




t TO THE READEft. 

I was ever very sensible of my own wtleness, and 
unfitness to be employed in such great services. But 
calling to mind that God is strong, I endeavoured 
to put all my confidence in him, and by his Almighty 
power, was carried through evei^y difficult action^ 
and my desire is, that his name may have the praise^ 

It w^as ever my intent, having laid myself under a 
Solemn promise, that the many and repeated favours 
of God to Dfiyself and those with nfie in tlie service 
might be published for generations to coirte. And 
iiow my great age requiring tay dismission frotn ser- 
vice in the militia, and to put off my armour, I am 
willing that the great and glorious works of AlAiighty 
God, to us, children of men, should appear to the 
world : And having my minutes by me, my son ha» 
talten the care and pains to colled from them the en- 
duing narrative of many passages relating to the 
former and latter wars'; which 1 have had the perusid 
of, and find nothing amiss, as to tlie truth oflt, and 
tf iih as little feflection upon any pe^jftieular person^ 
as might be, either alive or dedJd. #. 

And seeing every particle of n»forical truth is* 
precious, I hope the fcader tvdll- pass a favourable 
censure upon an old soldier, telling of the many ren- 
counters he has had, and yet is come off alive. 

It is a plea^re to reiiiertiber what a great nuttiber 
of families, in this and the neighbouring pKovinces, 
in Newengland, did, during the waiy enjoy a great 
measure of liberty and peace by the hazardous sta- 
tions and miarches of those engaged inrtiilitary exer- 
cises; wha wefe a wall unto them on this side afi<£ 
on that sifte-' 

I desire prayefs, that I may be enabled "well tor 
Itccomplish my spiritual warfare, and that I may be 
more than ^^queror through Jesus Christ's ^ving 

* . B^lpi^ CHURCH. 



THE LIFE OF COL. CIIURCIL*. 



c 



OLONKL Benjamin Chitrch was born in 1G30, at 
Duxbury, near Plymouth, of reputable parents, who 
lived and died tlicr^. His father's name was Joseph, 
who, with two of his brethren, came early into New- 
cngland, as refugees from the religious oppression 
of the parent state. Mr. Joseph Church, among otlier 

• children, had three sons, Joscpli, Caleb, and Benja- 
min. Caleb settled at Watcrtown, the other two at 
Scconet, or Little Compton. Benjamin, tlie hero 
of this history, was of a good stature, his body well 
proportioned, and built for hardiness and activity. 
Although he was very corpulent and heavy in the 
latter part of his life, yet, when he was ^ young man 
he' was not so 5 being then active, sprightly and 
vigorous. He carried dignity in his countenance 
— thought and acted with a rational and manly judg- 
ment — which, joined with a naturally generous, obli- 
ging and hospitable disposition, procured him both 
authority arid esteem. He married Mrs. Alice South- 

. worth, by whom he had a daughter, Mrs. Rothbotham, 
and five sons, viz., Thomas Church, the author or 
publisher of this history, and Cither of tlie honourable 
Thomas Church, Esq., now living in Little Compton; 
Constant Church a Captain under his father in the 
eastern expedition, and in the militia; and of a mlli- 

*The life of Church was not ad<led to the first edition. — 
JBut to the second it was, and was the last article in the 
book; excepting a Latin ode of one pa^e, which is now omit-- 
ted. This life containing some prefatory remarks, it was 
thought proper to place it at the beginning of the work. It 
was judged best to omit the above mentioned Latin ode to 
give place to more interesting article?. What follows wai 

3>laccd at the head of the j»a^e. Ode HeToictt V^^iwt^^ft* 
^yw compotita) Biograjyluoi p^roccdenti dijj^^ev^^ wfc. 



V 
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Xll LIFE OF COL. CKURCIf. ^. 

tary and cntcrprisijig spirit ; Ceujumin Cliurch, who . 
iiied a bacliclor;. E<lward Clinrch,^^ whose only son 
noAv hving, is Deacon ijonjamiii C/iuirchf of Boston, 
v>ho furni.shes these momoirs cf tho fiunily; and 
Cliar]«s Church, who liad a numerous issue. 

Cokrtiel CJiurcli vnis.a man of integrity, justice, and 
uprightness, of piety and serious religion. f He was ' 
a member of the cliurch of Bristol at its foundation, 
in the Rev. Mr. Lee's^ day. lie was constant and de- 
vout in famijy worship, wherein he read and often ex- 
pounded the scriptures to his household. He was ex- 
emplary in observing the Sabhath, and in attending 
the worship and ordinances of God in tlje sanctuary. 
He lived regularly, and left an example worthy of 

* He was also a (?^ptain under Jiis /lather in the kst easlern 
expedition. * 

t Prohablv the came whose name is found associated with 
tlic venerable JA^EE3 Otis, S'\MUi3j. Adaivis, Joskph War- 
• RRN, and otliers, as a '' Committee of correspondence" i!i the 
niFr^orable rrvolntion, and to which he probably belonged 
M'licn he wrote this aecotint af the family. See American 
Annals, TI, ,500. Also the standing which he ?ip;»cars f o have 
maintained among the fraternity of Masons, speaks his emi- 
nence. 

^Whal Is here saM of the Colonel, is placed aP^cr hii? son 
Edward, by a writer in Farmer and Moore's Collections; 
where this account oppeaxs to be cojiied. It piu^t be an er- 
rour in the copyist, and one, too, v.liich it required some pains 
to commit ; not Init that the son (for aught 1 knoAv) deserved 
as high encomium^, bnt we have no right to bestow such 
u^>on tho son, at the father's expense. But thus much were it 
intentional. 

§ Rev. Samuel Lee, the fiitt minister cf Bristol, R. I. He ( 
was born in Lohdon, !iv25, came to this country in 1688; ' 
but in two or three years came to the conclusion to return to 
his native country. " Before he sailed, he told hU wife that 
he had discovered a ptar. which, according to the laws of As- 
trology, presaged captivity, which unfortunately came to 
pass. He sailed in 1691, and in his passage was taken by 
the French, and carried into France, where he died the 
same year. See Allen's Biog. 381. Dr. C. Mather repre- 
scntsniui as possessing very extraordinary learning. See 
MaffrjaUo. Christi Aiacricana, I, 54S. • 



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IIFE OF COL. CHURCH.' xjii 



the imitation of his posterity. He was a friend to the 
civil and religious liberties of his country, and great- 
ly rejoiced in the revolution.* He was Colonel of 
ihe militia in the county of Bristol. The several 
offices of civil and military trust, with which he was 
entrusted from time to time, through a long life, he 
^charged with fidelity and usefulness. 

The war of 1675, was the most important Indian 
"war, that Newengland ever saw.. Philip or Meta- 
-cometf (a son of good oldMASSASOIT,f and his se- 
cond successor) had wrought up the Indians of all the 
tribes through New.england, into a dangerous ccwn- 

• By William and Mary. ' 

t Though the chiefs of savage nations arc generally called 
Kings, jet says Smith, Ihey " have no such dignity or office 
amoqg them." Hist. N. ¥. 107, Philip, at ilifferent periods 
of his life, ivas known by different names, as at nrst, hs 
was called Metacomet or Met acorn. See Morton, 171, 
172. This celebrated chief has been called by some.thou^ 
jwrongiy I contend, King of the Narragansets, Me was 
King or chief of the Wamnanoagp, or Pokanokets, the situa- 
tion of whose country wilt be described in my first note t6 
"^Philip's War." It'istrue that these Indians as well as the 
Narragansets themselves inhabited about the bay of that 
name, but they had their King as well as the Pokanokets^ 
and were independent of each other. 

Different opinions Reem to have prevailed with rcgafd to 
this chief's j)edi^ree; that is, whether he were a son or 
grandson of Massassoit. Prince and Trumbull inform us 
that he was his crandson; Hutdiinson and Belknap, that be 
^vas his son. Why these respectable authors saw cause to 
differ, and not inform us, is not easy to tell. These arc not 
all the authors on each side, but mo2t readers arc apprised 
of this, no doubt, before I had taken W\\^ trouble to inform 
them. 

X Prince, in his text, writes Miasassoit ; but adds this note. 
^* The printcd^acconnts generally ppell him Massasoit ; Gov- 
#»rnour Bradford writes him Massasoyt, and Massasoyet ; but 
I find the ancient people from' their fathers in Plyraoutn col- 
ony, pronounce his' name Ma-sas-so-it." N. K. Chron. 187. 
However, the ma<;t preferable way seems to be Massassoit. 
Some account of the life of this constant friend of tbft tvV* 
grijz^ will be found in the course cf th\sVi\^\ox'j. 



Xiv LIFE OF COL. CHUItCH* 

binatlon to extirpate the English. It was one of 
the last works of tlie commissioners of the united 
colonies, (a council [in] which subsisted the great 
security of Newengland, from 1C43 to 1C78) to break 
up this confederacy. An army of one thousand Eng- 
lish was on foot at once, under the command of 
Governour Winslow. Whoever desires furtlier in- 
formation concerning this war, may consult Mr. Hub- 
bard's* history of it. The part Colonel Church 
acted in it is exhibited in tliis plain narrative, given 
by his son, two years before his fatlier* s deatli. 

Colonel Church perfectly understood the manner 
of the Indians in fighting, and was thoroughly ac- 
quainted with their haunts, swamps, and places of 
refiige, on the territory between Narraganset and 
cape Cod. There he was particularly successful ; 
on that field he gatliered his laurels. The surprisal 
and seizure of Anna won was an act of true boldness 
and heroism. Had tKc eastern Indians been sur- 
rounded with English settlements, there is reason to 
tJ»ink tliat he would have been-more successful among 
tiiem. But on a long and extended frontier, open 
|o immense deserts, little more has ever been done 
by troops of undoubted qourage, tlian to arouse and 
drive off the Indians into a wide howling wilderness, 

■■'■ ■ i * I. I ■ '^ - ' r- — ■ ■ -^ ■ — ^ 

* Mr. William Hubbard, minister of Ipswich, the best his- 
torian in Newengland, of the age, upless, we except Mr. 
Pi'ince. Tlie truth of which hJs works abundantly prove. 
Although sonie" labour has been done to detract from him 
soDie of his justly acquired fame, yet, it do«s and ever will 
remain unimpaired. This would be true had he never writ- 
ten a»iy thine but his Narrative. To his " History of New- 
f.ngiauff,*' Mother is chielly indebted for what i^ correct in 
his renowned bonk of jargons, the Maenalia Cbristi Ameri- 
ciina. See president Allen's Biop;. Dictionary. He died 
.8ept. 1704, aged 83 year«. Gov. Hutchinson remarks on the 
character of him, that " he was a man of learning, of a candid 
' and benevolent mind, accompanied, as it generally is, with 
a g04Ki degr«*f! of* Catholicism ; which, F think, was .not ac^ 
counted the most valuable part of his character in tho age in 
which he livo.a" Hiit. Mass. II, 1S(5. 



] 



/ 



Life of col. cmmcH. xv. 



Xi^here it was as much in vain to seek them, as for, 
Caesar to seek the Gauls in the Hircinian forests. 

Th^ present edition* of this history is given without 
alteration in the body of it ; being thought best to 
let it go down to posterity, (like the Feriplus of Ilan" 
ifiof) with its own lYiternal marks of originality. How- 
ever the editor in the margin hatli given the English 
tiames of places described by Indian names in the 
narrative ; and also some few notes and illustra* 
tions. 

After Philip's war Colonel Church settled ; and 
^ first at Bristol, then at Fallriver, (Troy) lastly at 
Seconet. At each of which places he acquired, 
^nd left a large estate. Having served his genera- 
tion faithfully, by the will of God he fell asleep, and 
was gathered unto his fathers. He died and was bu- 
fierd at Little Compton. 

The morning before his death, he went about two 
miles on horse back to visit kis only sister, Mrs. 
Irish, to sympathise with her on the death of her only 
child. After a friendly and pious visit, in a mov- 
ing and affecting manner, he took his leave of her, 
«nd said, it was a last farewell. Telling her, [that J 
he was persuaded he should never see her more ; 
but hoped to meet hei* in heaven. Returning home- 
ward, he had not rode above half a mile, before his 
horse stumbled, and threw him over his head. And 
the Colonel being exceeding fat and heavy, fell with 

* The edition from which this is taken. 

tHannowas "the famous Carthaginian," who in a re- 
^ mote age of navigation, made a voyage into the Atlantiok 
J f>cean, and ^'sailed seeking for thirty days the western parts,' ' 
takine his departure from the pillars of Hercules ^straits of 
Gibraltar.) Hence some infer that he must have discovered 
some parts of America, because Columbus did in about the 
imme length of t\me. He wrote a book containing an ac- 
count of his discoveries, which he entitled Periplum or Peri- 
plus. See a work lettered " America Known to the An- 
cients,« Dr. Robertson's Hist. Americai, l» i, "i^^^Kftw^^ 
Biog. 1, 16. 






xvi LIFE OF COL. CHURCH. ' 

such force, that a blood Tessel was broken^ and tlie 
blood gushed out of his mouth like a torrent. His 
Wife was soon brought to him. He tried but was 
imable to speak to her, and died in about twelve 
hours. He was carried to the grave with great fune- 
ral pomp, and was buried under arms, and with mili-» 
lary honours. On his tomb stone is this inscrijj^ 
%ion. 

HEB£ LIETH INTERRED THE ^pDlT 
OF THE HONOURABLE 

COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.; 

WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE, 

JANUARY 17th, 1717 IB, 

£^ IN THE 78 YEAR OF HIS AGE.* 

. Xevyport ApHl 8, 1772. 



eKteem among the great he stooJ; '^ 



..««.,g iu« greai ne stood ^^' '•! 

•'^ #« Hup* »- - ^ '«veJ7/ great atod good. ; : ,"' .v \ 

^- HiTwisaom mwle m-- .^'.T^wirive ,- . V v^^:5»g^ 

'Tho^ l»« be iaW to die* nc T ,, "-^^ 

172», t»y ^"°™?f.i^othelbunderofthat province, as good, 
the foul i»trif ^^^SVXs'^e,^^ ^u^^^^^^ 
fully appc-ar in th« ensuing Lisiory, * 



•Vi^rAaB*!*- 



/ 






y 






THE 

ENTERTAINING mSTORY 

Of 

PHILIP'S WAR, 

WBICB BSOAN IN THE TEAS 1675. WITH XHE PROCEEIH 

iKOS or 

BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.* 



jlw the year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church of Duxbury, 
being providentially at Plymouthf in the time of the 

* As the author does not begin with the causes and first 
•tWiits of this war, it may be proper to introduce the moFt 
important here. His intention appears to have been to give 
au account of this war, so far, only, as his father was engag- 
ed in ity as himself observes in another place. 

Although not a year had passed since the settlement cf 
Pljrmouth without some difficulties with the Indians, I wiH 
^ 8o ixt back, only, as immediately concerns Philip's War. 
After the close of the Pequot war, in 1687, it was conjec- 
tured by the English, that the Narraganscts took some af- 
front on account of the division of the captive Pequols, 
among themselves and the Mohegans : and that the English 
^ ffhow^ partiality. These tribes had assisted in the con- 
i , ^ert of the Pequots, and t were in a league with the Eng- 
' '■ liflh, and each other. For some time the Narragansets prac« 
ticed secret abuses upon the Mohegans ; but at length they 
were so open in their insults, that complaints were made to 
iht Eaghsh, whose interest it was to preserve peace betwcea 
tbem. In 1642, it wa3 thoi^ht that they were clotting to 
cut off the English. They so pressed upon the Mohegam^^ 

in 



t Some authors, both ancient and modetu \iiolft VXiv^Nqorc^ 
Tlimoutb, but custom has adopted the maxvuw "WkM^^ vb.'^^^ 
*<^ 2* i 



18 PHILIP'S WAR. 

court, fell into acquaintance with Captain John Almy 
of Rhodeisland. Captain Almy with great impor- 

in 1645, that the colonies were obliged to interfere with an 
armed foree. 

The WampanoagSj or Pokanokets, of which Philip was 
King, inhabited the tract of country Where Bristol now is, 
then called Pokanoket, thence north around Mounthope bar, 
thence southerly, including the country of considerable 
width, to Seconct. At the head of this tribe was Massassoit, 
when the pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, who always lived in 
friendship with them. He hai two sons, who were called 
Alexander and Philip, which names they received from Gov. 
Prince of Plymouth, while there renewing a treaty, proba- 
bly from Philip and Alexander of Macedon. Alexander be- 
ing the elder assumed the power on the death of his father, 
■and it was soon found that he was plotting with the Narra- 
^ansets against the English ; but his reign was shoi't. On 
being sent for to answer to the court at P^mouth, to certain 
allegations, he was so exasperated, it is said, that he fell into 
-a fever, and died before he reached home. This was about 
^ 657. Philip succeeded; and his plottin^s were continual. 
But he frequently renewed treaties and affected friendships 
until 1671, when he made a loud complaint that some of the 
English injured hid land, which in the end proved to be false. 
AJpicetii?g. was held at Taunton, not loujg after in conse- 

?Uetice of the hostile appearance of Philip's men, by Gov. 
'rince of Plymouth , and deputies from Massachusetts. Phi- 
lip was sent for to^ve reasons for such warlike appear&nces. 
He discovered extreme shyness, and for some time would not 
c.c»ne to the town, and then with a large band of his warriours 
with their arihs. He would i^ot consent to go into the meet- 
inghouse, where the delegates were, until it was agreed that 
his inen should b^ on one side of the house, and the English 
^n the other* Ox> being* questioned, he denied having any 
ill designs upon the'Englisn, an,d said tl^af he came with his 
.men armed to prevent any attaches from the Narragansets ; 
but this falsehood was at onoe detected, and it was evident 
that they were united in their operations. It. was also prov- 
ed before him, that he had meditated an attack on Taunton, 
wjiich he confessed. These steps so confounded him that he 
consented to deliver alibis arms into the hands of the Eng- 
lish as an indemnity for past damages. All of the guns whick 
be brought with him, about 70, were delivered, and the rest 
were to be sent in, but never were. What would have been 
the fate of Newengland had Philip's warriours possessed those 
^rma in the war that ensued > This prevented immediate 
«^ar^a/i£/i>j-cguired several years to TepaVc\\iettV«u ^eXaStf^ 






J 
> 



J - PHILIP'S WAR. 19 

tunity invited him to ride with him and view that part 
of Plymouth colony that lay next to Rhodeisland, 
known then by their Indian names of Pocasset and 
Sogkonate.* Among other arguments to persuade 
hin^, he told him the soil was very rich, and the situa- 
tion pleasant : Persuades him by all means to pur- 
chase of the company some of the court grant rights. 
He accepted his invitation, views the country and was 
pleased with it, makes a purchase, settled a farm, 
found the gentlemen of the islandf very civil and 
obliging. And being himself a person of uncommon 
activity and industry, he soon erected two buildings 
upon his farm, and gained a good acquaintance with 
the natives ; got much into their ftivour, and was 
in a little time in great esteem among them. J 

The next spring advancing, while Mr. Church was 
diligently settling his new farm, stocking, leasing and 
disposing of his affairs, and had a fine prospect of 
doing no small things; and hoping that his good suc- 
- cess would be inviting unto other good men 'to be- 
come his neighbours : Behold ! the rumour of a war 
Wtwisen the English and the natives, gave check tq 

^^— — ^ I ■ i»^— I Ilia ' iB^ ■ ^^m^mm i ■ ■■» ■■ i i —^^^— ^ ■»■■ ' — m - i ■ m^ ^i^w^i^im^^^— m^.— — ^^m^,^m^^^^^ 

was industrious to do this, and, at the saine time, used his 
endeavours to cause other tribes to.engaLge in his cause. He 
was not ready when the war did begin, to; which, in some 
measure, we may attribute his failure^ Threie of his men 
i;^erc tried and hanged fbr the alleged murder of John Sas- 
samon, whom Philip had condemneaas a traitor. . It so exas- 
perated Philip and his men that their friends shoidd be pun- 
isheld by the English, that they could no loi^ger restrain their 
violence. Thus are «ome of the most prominent events 
sketched which led to this bloody war. The history of John 
Sassamon or Sausaman, will be found in a succeeding note. 

• Pocasset, now Tiverton, was the name of the main land 
against the north part of Rhodeisland. S^ogkonate, after- 
wards Seconet, now Little Compton, extends from Fogland 
ferry to the sea ; in length between 7 and 8 miles. 

t Rhodeisland, which was now quite well inhabited. It 
WAS settled in 1638. Its Indian name was Af^uetneck^ and 
afterwards called the Isle of Rodes by tbe £nglisb. 

X Mr, Church moved here in the a^tiuasL ^\^ V 



20 PHlLIt»»S WAR. 

his projects. People began to be very jealous of tte i 
Indians, and indeed they had no small reason to sus-! , 
pect that they had formed a design of war upon the 
English.* Mr. Church had it daily suggested to him \i 
that the Indians were plotting a bloody design. That ' *j 
Philip the great Mounthope Sachem, was leader there- ^J 
in, and so it proved. He was sending his messengers' ^1 
to all the fteighbouring Sachems, to engage them into^ 
a confederacy with him in the war.f Among the rest 

fc .. *. Ill 

. •It may be diverting to some, to introduce liere- what >' 
Cotton Mather calls an omea of the war that followed. 
** Things," says he, "began by this time to have an ominous 
aspect. Tea, and now we speak of things omin&uSy we may. 
aod, some time before this, [before those were executed for 
the murder of Sassamon] in a clear, still, sunshiny morning, 
there were divers persons in Maiden who heard in the air, 
on the southeast of them, a ^reat gun go off, and presently 
thereupon the report of stnatl guns lilje musket shot, very ^ 
thick aischarging, as if there had been a battle. This was ' * 
at a time when there was nothing visible done in any part 
of the colony to occasion such noises ; but that which most 
of all astonished them was the ftying of btdlets, which came 
singing over their heads, and seemed very near to them, ai^ 
ter which the sound of drums passing along westward wa^ 
very audible ; and on the same day, in Plymouth colony in 
several places, invisible troops of horse were heard riding to 
and fro," &c. Magnalia, 11, 486. This is quite as credible 
as many witch accounts in that .marvellous work. 

t The following is a statement of the probable numbers of 
the Indians in Newengland at the time of Philip's war, also 
of the English. 

Dr. Trumbull in his Hist, U. States, I, 86, supposes there 
were in Newengland at the time of settlement about S6,000 
Indian inhabitants; one third of which were warriours. 
Their numbers gradually diminished as the whites increased^ 
so that we may conclude that there were not leas than 10,000" 
warriours at the commencement of Philip's war. Hutchinson, 
I, 406, says that the Narragansets alone were considered to^ 
amount to 3000 fighting men, in 1675. Hubbacd, Nar. 67, 
says they promised^o rise with 4000 in the war. Governour 
Hmkley states the number of Indians in Plyn^outh county, in 
1885, at 4000 or upwards. Hist. U. States, I, 35. Beside 
these there were in different towns about $i000 praying In- 
€iiiijjSj as those were called who adhered lolU^ ii;y^v\&\i x^lv« 
^/oiy they took nopart in the war. ^'"^ 



\ 



■'* PHILIPS WAR. 2 J 

he sent six men to *Awashonks, squaw sarheniof the 
Sogkonate Indian?, to engage her in his interest ;* 
Awashonks so far listened unto them, as to call her 
Subjects together, to mnke a great dance, which i» 
the custom of that nationf when they advise about 
momeiitous affairs. But what does Awashonks do, 
but sends away two of her men that well understood 
•' the English language, (SassamonJ and George^ by 

. In 1673, the inhabitants of Newcngland amounted to about 
• 120,000 souls, of whom, perhaps,' 16,000 were able to bear 
arms. Holmes' America^ Anna?s, I, 416. 

■ • Dr. Belknap, in his Hist. N. Hampshire, T, 109, pays, oa 
the authoritj or Callender, that "The inhabitants of firistol 
^ew a particular Kpot where PhiKp received the news of the 
first Englishmen that were killed, with so much sorrow as to 
cause him to weep." This he observes was very different 
IroiD the current opinion. No doubt the consternation of the 

• p«,v'e, c^r" " "" VvproachSng war, \y «rcat effect in 
ertafcli£!iingcvefythir.STiiur^ ^wifh:!- • \: 

' t It is the custom of most, \t not all, t,Iie K. AwiAtrcJu In- 
diana. See Capt. Carver's Travels in America, i269. 

% John Sas?amon, or tts others spell it, Sausaman, was in^ 
• gtractcd in finjcUshbythe celebrated Indian apostle, Job il 
teliot, and pretended to believe in the christian religion^ 
But for some reason he neglected itsdutici*, and returned to a 
savage life. About this time, or perhaps before, he advised the 
EngHshof some of Philip's plots, which so enraged him, that 
he sought Sa?;samoji's Jeath, whom he considered as a rebel 
and traitor. And this is the principle on wliich the English 
themselves acted ; yet, they would not Kiff«'r it in anotlier 
people, who, indeed, were as free as any other. The partic- 
ulars were these: Sajsamon was met on "a great pond," 
^ which f 8upi>osc to be As. awom&et, by some o»* Pliilip's men, 
i wao ^^^^4 '""^ ^^^ P"^ ^""^ under the ice, leaving his hat 
7 ^J!i «„.* «.- \\ e »<'e, where lliey were found soon after : and 
>' iuSKadlW. See N«blfard'« Narrative 70.7,. This 
muBt have been late in the sprins of 1C75, but there was .ce 
Marks were Ibund uuon the body of Sassamon, that indicated 
Oiurder, and an Indian soon appeared, who Faid that ho. savr 
some of Philip's Indians in the very execution of it. Three 
were immcdiVtely apprehended, and tried at *>»« «»^rt m 

; § An IndUn, who from thi« time, was \\^y \^^^^^^ 



^ 



S2 PHILIPS WAR. 



\ 



namfe) to invite Mr. Churcn to tlie dartcc* Mf* 
Church, upon the invitation, ilomediately takes witit 
him Charles Hazelton, his tenant^s son, who well 
understood the Indian language, and rode down to the ^ 
place appointed, where tliey found hundreds of / 
Indians gathered together from all parts of hef ^ 
dominion. Awashonks herself in a foaming sweaty 
was leading the dance ; but she was no sooner sen- 
sible of Mr. Churcli's arrival, but she broke off, sat 
down, calls her nobles around her, [and] orders Mr. 
Churcli to be invited into her presence. Compli-. 
mcnts being passed, and each one taking seat, 
she told him [that] King Philip had sent six men 
of his, with two of her people,f that had been over 
at Mounthope,f to draw her into a confederacy with 

Plymouth, in June, by a jury, says Mather, consisting of half 
Indians, and half English, and brought in guilty of the mutder. 
Two of them persisting in their innocence to the end, and 
the third denied that he had any hand in the murder, but' 
said that he saw the others commit it. Perhaps he made this 
confession in hones of pardon, but it did not save him. Mag« 
nalia, II, 486. Mather places the death of Sassamon in 1674^ 
this was old style, hence it was previous to the 25th of March 
1G75. Hubbard, 69, says that Sa^^samon had been Philip'g 
secretary, and chief counsellor. To what tribe he lirst be- 
longed I have not ascortained, but from this history it appears 
that he belonged to the Sogkouate Indians, in the spring of 
1675. 

• One might conclude this transaction to have been about 
the middle of June, by its connexion with the commence* 
ment of the war, but by the death of Sassamon it must h% ' j 
placed much earlier. " j 

t These two I conclude, were those, or among those men- ^ 
tloned by Hubbard, 69, >vho discovered the plots of Philip, 
one of whom might be Sassamon. 

1 (Or Mont-hat^, a mountain in Bristol.) 
Why the author writes this word so I do not know, un- 
less it wew so pronounced in his day. Its ancient name was 
Pokanoket. It is quite an eminence about two miles east- 
from the village of Bristol, very steep on all sides and termi- 
natesin a large rock, which at a distance UastUe aLW^arauce 
of a larf^e dome of an ariiphitheatre. \\, \s a\»^^Y^vvW^ coon.- 
posed oi' pebbles and sand. On tKva novi sVsuXvds ^ ^m^ «^t- 
ta^onaJ building. From many placca on Wie e^sX sV^i:^i V^je* 



) RHILIP'S WAR. 23 

Mill, in a war v/ith the English; faiul] cIcsiro<l hhn 
to give her his advice in the case ; and to t(;ll her the 
truth, whether the Umpame^ men, (as Philip had told 
her) were gathering a great army to invade Philip's 
country. He assured her he would tell her the truth, 
and give her his best advice. Then he told her it 
was but a few day* since he came from Plymouth, 
•od [that] the English were tlicn making no prepa- 
rations for war ; that he was in company with the 
principal gentlemen of the government, who had no 
discourse at all about war, and he believed no thoughts 
about it. He asked her whether she tliought he 
would have brought up his goods to settle in that 
place, if he apprehended an entering into [a] war with 
.10 near a neighbour. She seemed to be somewhat 
convinced by his talk, and said she believed he spoke 
the truth. Then slie called for the Mounthope men, 
who made a formiijil>!e appearance, with -their faces 
painted, and their hairs trlmmGd upiu cond> fashion y. 

witli their powdcrliorns and shot bagsf at their backs 

"~ .. ■ ■ 7 ■ ■ -- 

tirtdarly at the liltlp vilU\ge oi*. Fallrivrr, thts mount tbriiis 
a beautiful accHvitv in the landscaDC ; very nnai-ly rr5f?m- 
hiing a virw of the Stale house at Bo«ton IVom a dislauco. 
On an excursion there in the puar.ner oi'lS*24, raany jjjratify- 
ing objects were discovered, relating to th<» times of which 
we treat. A mo.ft beautiful prospect of Providence and ihe 
surrounding country and bay appears frou^ this mount. 

* The Indian name for Plymouth. 

■f It has b<ren a question among many, how the Indians be- 
came furnished, so soon, with our implements of war. It is 
not probable that every source is known : but they no doubt, 
bad a large supply from the French in th*; eaft of Ncweng- 
land,. A man by the name of Morton, who came to this coun- 
y in 1622, is said to have been the first that suri«Ued the 
idians with arras ^.qd ammunition, and taught them their 
in the country adjacent to Cape C^ni, This he done 





than lionesty ;" but in justice to him it may be obserred, 
tliat the Memorialist has made every circumsi.anc€t appear in 
the darken drc;<s, and not only ct* Ulin, })ut otherr, whom, in- 



24 - tolLIP'S WAR. ' 

which among that, nation is the posture and figure of 
preparedness for war. She told- Mr. Church these 
were the persons that had brought her the report of 
llie English preparations for war, and then told them 
what Mr. Church had said in ans^'er to it. Upon 
this began a warm talk among the Indians, but it was 
Boon quashed j and Awashonks proceeded to telTlVfr. ' 

<lced, we had rather speak in praise. Ail historians, with ^ 
whom I am conversant, agree tnat he was a disorderly pep-' . 
^on, of bad morals,- and gave people much trouble. He re- 
f^ided first in Mr. Weston's Plantation at Wessagusset, now 
"Weymouth ; but that breaking -up the next year, 4628, be* • 
next settled with Captain Wallaston at or near the same- • 
ilace in 1625, and the ])lace being near the hill that separates . 
Weymouth from Qnincy,' was called Mount Wallaston. 
Capt. Wallaston with mo.-t of his company abartdoned the 
plantation, and Morton usur{)ed the government. They 
f oon found themselves involved in difficulties with the In- 
dians and wiiK oao another. They erected a Maypole, and . 
practiced their excesses about it. Selling arms to the na- 
tives being a breach of the laws among others, he was seized 
l>y order of the court, and soon after, 1628, sent to Englatid. 
l\o notice of the complaints aj^ainst him bein^ taken, he re- 
t:nnf»d tli? next year. He was afterwards imprisoned for 
Jjis writings. lie died at Agamenticus in 1644 or 5, 
ticcordir.g to Allesi^ American Biog. 441. He has been «c* 
cused of giving currencv to the story of " hanging the wea-* • 
v^r instead of the cobbler." The author of Hudibras get- 
ting hold of the story, has, in that work, Part II, Canto II, 
line 403j &c., set it off to the no small expense of the zeal of 
the Pilgrims. See Belknap, Amer. Biog. U, 318, Prince 
CUron. 212, and Savage's edition of Winthrop, I, S4, 35, 36, 
where the passage may be seen. The latter author says it 
was not so, on the authority of Morton himself j but as the 
affair happened at Weston's plantation, w]iere Morton was 
ooncerneu, it is natural that he should say the right one was 
liengcd. In a note to line 413, in the passs^ge above referred 
lo, is the following positive assertion: "The history of the * 
Cobbler had been attested b^y persons of good' credit, who 
were upon the place when it was done." Early authors 
hinted at the aiiair, and late ones have enlarged apon it.. 
The truth no doubt is as follows; The people of that planta- 
tion U'cre in a state of starvation, and W stealing irom the 
Indians had incurre'd their vengeance, which to satisfy, they 
handed one ; who, Hudibras says. Was «l bediid 'Wft^.v^t^ 
tp'Jiereas the light one was a useful cobbler, vrViorcilYiE^ cotx^.^ 
not so %reU spare. 



PHILIP'S WAR- 25 

Church, that Philip's message to her was, that unless 
she would forthwith enter into a confederacy with 
him in a war against the English, he would send his 
men over privately, to kill the English cattle, and 
burn their houses on that side of the river, which 
would, provoke the English to fall upon her, whom, 
. tliey would without doubt, suppose the author of the 
tnisdiief. Mr. Church told her he wad sorry to sec 
no tlireatening an nspect of affairs ; and stepping to 
4he Moundiopes, he felt of their bags, and finding 
them filled with bullets, asked them what those 
bullets were for. They scofiingly replied, " To shoot 
pigeons with." Then Mr. Church turned to Awa- 
fiionks, and told her, [that] if Philip >vero resolved 
to make war, her best way would be to knock those 
lii Mounthopcs on the head, and shelter herself under 
' tke protection of the English. Upon which the Mount- 
hopes were for the present dumo. But those two of 
Awashonks' men, wiio had been at Mounthopc, 
expressed themselves in a furious manner against his 
advice. And Littleeycs,* one of the Queen's coun- 
sel joined with them, and urged Mr. Church to gj 
aside with him among the bushes, that he might have 
jsome private discourse with him, which other Indians 
immediately forbid; being sensible of his ill design. 
But the Indians began to side, and grow very warm. 
Mr. Church, with undaunted courage, told t!ie Mount- 
hopes, [that] they were bloody wretches, and thirsted 
after the blood of their English neighbours, who had 
never injured them, but had always abounded in their 
* kindness to them. That for his own part, though 
) he desired nothing more than peace, yet, if nothing 
but war would satisfy them, he believed ho should 
prove a sharp tliorn in their sides : Bid the company 
observe those men that were of such bloody disposi- 
tionS) whether providence would suffer them to live 

* He was afterward taken in the .war that followed, by 
Cliurch, and treated very kindly, as will be seen in the pro- 
gress of this history. 

3 



26 PHILIP'S WAR. .^ . 

to rcc the event of the war, which others, mora 
peaceuljly disposed, might do. Then he told Awas- 
honks, [that] he thought it might be most advisable 
for her to send to the Governour of PhTiiouth,* and 
i'helter herself and people under his protection. 
She liked his advice, and desired him to go on her be- 
half to the Plymouth government, which he consent * 
ed to. And at parting advised her, [that] whatever 
jihe did, not to desert the English interest to join 
with her neighbours in a rcbollion,f which would 
coitainly prove fatal to her. (lie moved none of his 
goods from liis • house, that there might not be the 
least umbrage from such on action, j) She thanked 
bim for his advice, and sent two of her men to guard 
him to his h?/as3, [who]^ when they came there, 
urgt<l him to take care to secure his goods, which h-3 
refused, for the reasons before mentioned ; but desired 
the Indians, tliat if what they feared, should happen, 
they would take car© of what he left, and directed 
them to a place in the woods where they should 
dispose of ihem, which they faithfully observed. He 

3 [-.vijlcl.] 

* The Ilonourjihle Jo.iah Winslow, E'lj., who was alter- 
wards commandrr in chief of tlie forces in this war. He was 
a son of the distlncriiishod Mr, Erlward Winr<low, who was 
al?o Gavc.rnour of Plymouth many year*. He was born in 
1G29, an J was the fir:<t Governor born in Ncwrngland, which 
olficc he filled 7 year". lie died 13 De?. 1C80, aged 52. 

t This war wa«. called a rebellion, because tlie English 
fancied them undfr the Kir^ of Eng!?.nd, hut that did not 
make them so. As well nr.fe;ht ennigiants from the United 
Slates land on tlie coa?»t of France, and because they were 
dj-puted by the inhabitants, of their ri^ht so to do, call ihera 
rebels ; yet, when the country was neither claimed nor in?» 
proved, certainly, to take possession and improve was not 
wrong. Oar author is by no means so lavish of ill names as 
many early writers. Hellhounds, fiend-'', serpents, caitiffs, 
dog?, &LC., were their common appellations. The ill fame of 
Mather, in this respecl, will he celebrated as long as the 
marvellous contents of the Magnalia are read. 

i This sentence w^as included in brackets in the copy but 
as I have a/)/)ropriatcJ that mstvkto vvi^ 0Yia\x^»\«.\v\a?\^- 
'tl^te the rarcnihefis. 



i^HiLiP^s WAR. a? 

took his leave of his guard, [after bidding]* them 
lell their mistress, [that] if she continued steady in 
her dependence on the English, and kept within her 
own limits of Sogkonate, he would see her again 
c^uickly ; and then hastened away to Pocasset ;* where 
he met with Peter Nunnuit, tlie husband of tlic 
Queenf of Pocasset, who was just then come over in 
XI canoe from Mounthope. Feter told him tiiat there 
would certainly be war, for Philip had held a dance 
cf several weeks continuance, and had entertained 
the young men from all parts of the country. And 
udded, that Philip expected to be sent for to Ply- 
mouth, to be examined about Sassamon's J death, who 
vras murdered at Assawomset ponds,§ loiowing him- 
self guilty of contriving tliat murder. The same 
l^eter told him that he saw Mr. James Brown, || of 

1 [and bid] 

* (Tivertcn shore over against the north end of Rhodcisl- 
iand.) 

t Weetamore or Wetamoe, *' Philip's near kinsv.-oman." 
fiiib. £24. The same mentioned in another place, as 
** Squaw vSachem of Pocasset." She was drowned in cross- 
ing a river or arm of the sea at Swanzey, 6 August, 1675, 
f,V attempting to escape from a party of £nglibh. lb. 224. 
Her head was cut off, and set upon a pole. Ibid. 

} The siime cf i<hcm the history is given in note 3 on 
j>age 21. 

§ (Middlcborough.) 

Three large pcnds about 40 miles from Boston, and 16 
fi'om Ne"wbedford. In passing from the latter place to the 
former we have the largest on the right, which now bears the 
r.amc of Assawomset, or Assawamset, and two others on the 
left. They are all very near together. The road passes be- 
tween two, separated only by a narrow neck of flat land, 
about a stone's throw ever. 

• 

H " One of the magistrates of Plymouth jurisdiction." 
tjubbard, H. This gentleman was very active in the war. 
He was a magistrate between the years 1670 and 1675. 
Morton, 208. A minister of Swanzey is mentioned by Ma- 
ther in his third claais of Newenpland ministers by this 
fiame. 



28 PHILIP'S WAR. 

Swanzcy,* and Mr. Samuel Gorton,f who was an 
interpreter, and two other men,! who brought a letter 

■m — - !■■■■■■ I - - - - - - m 

* A town on the west side cf Taunton river in the bottom 
of Moantliope bay, about 15 miles from Taunton, and in the 
vicinity of Mounthope, distance by the road about 11 mileF. 

t Accounts of this ^jentloman may be seen in Morton's Me- 
morial, 117, &c., vrhich, perhaps, arc not impartial. That 
author partaking of the persecuting spirit of the times, 
accuses nim of aU manner of outra«;es against religion and go* 
Ternment. '•' Not only," be observes, ** abandoning and re- 
jecting all civil power and authority, (except nK>ulded aceord*^ 
ing to his own fancy) but belching'out crrours, &«," Serc- 
ral pages in that work are filled up to this effect. Dr. Eliot, 
N. £. Bio^. 327, says, <Mt is rvident that he was not so bad 
a man as his enemies represented." The reader is referred 
to that excellent work, for an interesting account ef . Irim. 
Allen, also, SI 4, seems inclined to do him justice, and is more 

{mrticular. It appears evident that he was rather wild in 
lis views of relij^ion, and went too far, perhaps, in persuad- 
ing others to fall in with him. He came tu Boston m 1656, 
from London, and was soon suspected of heresy, on which he 
was examined. But from his aptness in evading questions, 
rolhing was found against him. He went to Plymouth, but. 
r.id not stay long there, havihg got into difficulty with their 
minister. iFrom thence he went to llhodeisland of his own 
accord; or as 'some gay, was banished there. H«re, it is said, 
he underwent corporeal punishment for his contempt of civil 
authority. Leaving this place he went to Providence in 
1649, wtere he w^as very humanely treated by Mr. Roger 
Villiams, who also had.been banished on the score of tenets. 
He began a settlement at Patuxef , 4 or 6 miles south of 
Providence in 1641, but was soon complained of to the gov- 
ernment of Massachusetts, for encroaching upon the lands 
of others. The Governour ordered him to answer to the 
same which he. refused, treating the messenger with con- 
tempt. But he was arrested, carried to Boston and had lus 
trial. A cruel sentence was passed upon him, being confin- 
e<! a whole winter at Chaxlestown in heavy irons, and then 
banished out of the colonj. In 1644, he went to £ngland, 
And in 1643, returned to his possessions by permission of par- 
liament. 

X VHm these two men were I have not been able to ascer- 
tain. Mention is made in tlie histories of this war of messen- 
gers being sent, but in none more than two, and their names 
are not mentioned. Two were also sent from Massaehu- 
setts. See Hub. Nar. 72, 7S. Hutch. I, 262. They vrem 
septJ^JunCj 1675, 



^ PHILIP'S WAR. 29 

fiDm the Governour of Plymouth to Philip. He 
observed to him further, that tlie young men were 
very eager to begin the war, and would fain havo 
killed Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling 
them that his father had charged him to show kind- 
ness to Mr. Brown. In short, Philip was forced to 
promise them, that, on the next Lord s day, when the 
Ei^glish were gone to meetih^, they should rifle their 
.houses, aiid from tliat time forward, kill their cattle. 
. Peter desired Mr. Church to go and see his wife, 
who was but [just] up the hill ;* he went and found 
but few of her people v* ith her. She said th^y were 
oil gone against her will to tlie dances, and she much 
feared [that] there would be a war. Mr. Church 
advised her to go to the island and secure herself, 
and those that were with her, and send to the Gover- 
nour of Plymouth, who she knew was her friend ; and 
so left her, resolving to hasten to Plymouth, and 
Wait on the Governour. And he was so expeditious 
that he was with the Governour early next morning,f 
though he waited on some of the magistrates by the 
way, who were of the council of war, and also met 
him at the Governour's. He gave them an account 
of his observations and discoveries, which confirmed 
tlieir former intelligences, and hastened their prepa- 
ration for defence. 

Philip, according to his promise to his people, per- 
initted them to march out of the neckf on the next 
ford's. day ,§ when they plundered the nearest hou- 

liament. He was a minister, and a man of talents and ahili- 
. ty. His defence against the charges in Morton's Memorial, 
shows him to be a man of learning, and is worthy perusing. 
It is in Hutchinson, Hist. Mas. I, 467 to 47.0. Ite lived to 
an advanced age, hut the time of his death is not known. 

* I conclude this hill to he that a little north of Uowland*! 
ferry. 
• t June 16. 

t The neck on wliich Bristol and Warren now are, makp 
in g the ancient Pokanoket. 

§ June 20. See Trumhull, Hist. Con. I, 837. Ibid. U. 
States, 1, 1S9. 

3* 



so " PHILIP'S WAItr ■ ^ 

fles that the inhabitants had deserted, but as yet of^ ' 
fered no violence to the people, at least non^s werd 
killed.* However the alarm was given by their num- 
bers and hostile equipage, and by the prey thef 
made of what they could find in the forsaken houses^. 
An express came the same day to the Governour,f 
who immediately gave orders to the captains of the 
towns, to march the greatest part of their companies^ 
and to rendezvous at Taunton on Monday night,J* 
where Major Bradford was to receive them, and dis-^ 
pose them under Captain (now made Major) Cut- . 
worth'^ of Scituate. The Govemour desired Mr; 
Church to give thfim his company, and to use his in- 
terest in their behalf, with the gentlemen of Rhode- 
inland. He complied with it^ and they marched the 
next day. Major Bradford desired Mr. Church, with 
a commanded party, consisting of English and some- 
friend' Indians, to march in the front at some distance 
from the main body. Their orde:s were to keep so 
far before as not to be in sight of the army. And so 
tliey did, for by the way they killed a deer, flayed^ 
roasted, and eat the most of him beforie the army 
came up with them. But the Plymouth forces soon 

* But an Indian was fired upon and wounded, which was & 
sufficient umbrage for them to begin the work. See Huh. 
Nar. 73, and Hutch. I, 261. It appears that Philip waited 
for the English to begin, and to that end, had sunered his • 
men to provoke them to it ; yet, it was thought that Philip 
tried to restrain them from beginning so soon, as is observed 
-in note 1 to paee 17. At this time a whimsical opinioi» 
prevailed, that the side which first began would finally be 
conquered. Hutch. Ibid. 

t In consequence of this intelligence Governour Winslow t 
proclaimed a fast. H.Adams, 120, 

i June 21. 

6 James Cudworth, several years a magistrate of Plymouth 
colony. Other historians style him Captain, but do not tako 
fiotice of this advancement. See Hubbard, Nar. 75, 79, 84. 
Also in the continuation of Morton, 2()8, where it appears he - 
nasBD assistant in the goTcrnmeut beiwe^ikHl^ «id^V(T&^ . 



PHILIP'S WAft. 31 

ttrrlved at Swanzey,* and were chiefly posted at Ma- 
jor BrOwn'sf and Mr. Miles' J garrisons, and were 
there soon joined with those that came from Massa- 
chusetts, who had entered into a confederacy with 
their Plymouth brethren against the perfidious hea- 
thens. 

The enemy, who began their hostilities with plun- 
dering and destroying cattle,^ did not long content 
'themselves with that game ; they thirsted for English 
blood, and they soon broached it ; killing two men 
in the. way not far from Mr. Miles' garrison, and' 

. . * Whether the Plymouth forces were at Swanzey when 
the first English were killed does nut appear, though it is 
presumed that they were not. We are ce]:tain that they had 
ffiifficient time :o arrive there. It appears from the text that 
fhcy marched from Plymouth on Monday, which was the 21 
June, and the first English were killed tne 24. 
' The author seems to be a little before his story concemingf * 
the Massachusetts' men, for we know that they did not ar^ 
rire till the 38 Junv , and their arrival is related before the 
first men were killed. 

Dr. Morse, in his late history of the Revolution, "has run 
•ver this history without any regard to dates. Nor has he 
thought it worth his while to tell us there ever was such an 

• author as Church, but copies from him as though it were his 
own work, which, at best he makes a mutilated mass, 

t Sec note & on page 27. 

{The Rev. John Miles, as I find in Allen, Biog. 429, was 
minister of the first Baptist church in Massachusetts ; that in 
1649 he was a settled minister near Swansea in South Wales. 
Hence, perhaps, the liame of Swanzey in Mass. is derived. 
Mr. Miles beine ejected in 1662, came to this country, and 
formed a church at Rehoboth. He removed to Swanzey a 
fisw years after, which town was granted to the baptists 
t)v the government of Plynaouth. Hutchinson, I, 209, speaks 
or him as a man discovering christian unity, &c. He died 
in 1683. 

§ It appears that an Indian was wounded while ip the aot 
of killing cattle ; or as tradition informs us, the Indian who 
was wounded, after killing some animals in a man's field, 
went to his house and demanded liquor, and being refused 

* attempted to take it by violence, threatening at the samo 
time to be revenged for such usage, this cvi^^XVi^ l^AVk^gcN^r 
fiuw to iire on bim. 



te PHILIP'S WAR. 

soon after eight more* at Matapoiset :f Upon whose 
bodies they exercised more than brutish barbarities ; 
beheading, dismembering and mzmgling them, aiiil 
exposing them in the most inhuman maimer, wliich 
gashed and ghostly objects struck a damp on all be-' 
holders.} 

The enemy flushed with these exploits, grew yet 
bolder, and skulking every where in the bushes, shot 
at all passengers, and killed many that ventured 
abroad. They came so near as to shoot two sen- 
tinels at Mr. Miles' garrison, under the very noses 
of our forces. These provocations drew out [ — Y 
some pf Captain Prentieo'a truops,§ who desired 
they might have liberty to go out and seek the. ene»- 
my in their own quarters. Quarterma vers Gill and 
Belcher !| commanded tlie parties drawn out, who 
earnestly desired Mr. Church's company. They pro- 
vided him a horse and furniture, (his own being out of 
the way.) He readily complied with their desires, 
and was soon mounted. This party was no sooner 
over Miles' bridgc,ir but were fired upon by an am- 

1 [the resentment of] 

• It was the same day, 24 June, on Thursday, heing a fast, 
appointed bv the Governour of Ply4i)outh, on hearing what 
tooK place the 20. See H, Adam's Hist. N. Ene;land, 120, 
At Rehoboth a man was fired upon the same day. Hutchinson, 
1,261. 

t (In Swanzey.) 

jSeveral places bore this name. The word is now general*- 
ly pronounced Matapois. It appears too, that the pronunci- 
ation tended thus, at first, as I find it spelt in Winslow's Nar- 
rative, Matapuyst. See Belknap, Biog. II, 292. 

X The sin;ht must have been dreadful, but yet, it did nol 
hinder the English from the like foul deeds. Wcetamore* 
head was cut oif and sfet upon a pole. See note 2 on page 27 

§ Capt. Thomas Prentice of the Boston troops. Twclv 
was.the number that went over at this time. Hubbard, 7 
Hutchinfion, I, 262. 

II Hubbard, 75, calls him Corporal Belcher. . He makes 
mention of any person by the name of Gill. 

If There is a bridge over Palmer's river, 'w\x\c\i \ie^ki%* 
xwajA It is about 4 miles north of Warrcu, 



. rniLir^s war. sS 

huscado of about a dozen Indiaii.s, as tlicy were af- 
terward discovered to be. When they drew off, the 
pilot* was mortally wounded, Mr. Belcher received 
a shot in his knee, and his liorse was killed under 
him. Mr. Gill was struck with a musket ball on the 
sid.e of his body ; but being clad witJi a buff coat,f 
and some thickness of paper under it, it never broke 
his skin.l The trooi">crs were surprised to see both 
their commanders wounded and wheeled off; but 
Mr. Church persuaded, at length stormed and stamp- 
ed, and tokl them it was a shame to run, and leave 
a. wounded man there to become a prey to tho- 
barbarous enemy ; for the pilot yi;t sat on his hor^e, 
though amazed with the shot as not to have sense to 
'guide liim. Mr. Gill seconded him, and otlered, 
• though much disabled, to assist in bringing him ofti 
Mr. Church asked a stranger, who gave him hisconw 
pany in that action, if he would go with him and 
fetch off tiie wounded man. He readilv consented; 
«nd they with Mr. Gill went; but the wounded man 
fainted, and fell off hirJ hori?e beCore \hv.y came to him. 
But Mr." Cliurch and the stranger disinounled, torik 
up. the man, dead, and laid him before Mr. Gill on his 
liorse. Mr. Church told the otiicr two, [^that] if they 
would take care of the dead man, lie would go and 
fetch his hor?e back, which was going off the cause- 
way toward the enemy ; but beibrc ho got over the 
causeway he saw the enemy run to the right into the . 
neck. He brought back the hors«, and ciUled ear- 
nestly aiid repeatedly to the army to come over and 
fight the enemy ; and while he stood calling JUid 
persuading, the skulking enemy returned to their 
old stand, and all discharged tiieir guns at him at one 
clap ; [andj though every sliot missed him, yet, one 

* William Hammond. 

t A l»uff coat, and kind of cnirassor l)rpfis(;>lato of iron or 
fteel fcrmed their armour ; swords, carabines, and pistols, 
their weapon."!. 

/ June 28. This action took \A«LCft Wie %wtA ^vj ^-^ ^^ 
o/Api- troops arriTddk 



84 tMILIP'S WAA/ 



tt the army on t!ic other side of the river, received one 
of the balls in his foot. Mr. Church now began, (no 
Succour coming to him) to think it time to retreat- 
Saying, "2"^ Lord have mercy en us, if such a 
handful of Indians shall thus dare such an army."* 

Upon this it vv a.-; inimediately resolved, and orders 
were given to march down into the neck,f and hav- 
ing passed the bridge and causeway, the direction 

. Vras to extend both wings, which not being well heed- 
ed by those tliat remained in the centre, some of 

• Ih^m mistook tlieir friends for their enemies,J and 
fnade a fire upOn them in the r^ght wing, and wound- 

V td tliat noble heroick J outh, Ensign Savage, in the 
thigh,"^ but it happily proved but a flesh wound. They 
marched until they came to the narrow of the neck^ * 
iii a place called Keekamuit,i| where they took down 

* Thus ended the 28 June, 1675, according to Hubbard, 
75 ; but by the text, the next transaction would seem unJei? 
the same ^ate, \\hich fiom the fact that most of the army did 
ii?/t arrive until afier noon, and that the action did not take 
place until it had arrived, it is plain tliat it was not. Hutch- 
inson, I5 2G2, is a« indistinct with regard to the dates in 
quebticn, as our author; but Holmes considered it as I do^ 
Annals, I, 421. I'he next morning, Hubljard, 75, says, that 
the Indians, at half a mile's distance, sliouted twice ot 
thrice, and 9 or 10 showing themselves at the bridge, the 
army immediately went in pursuit of them. 

} t J'-ne 29. 

i I cannot find as any historian takes notice of this bad 
manageiri?nt of the army. The reason is obvious as Hnl>- 
Lard says nothing of it, v, hom they all follow. Hence it ap- 
pearsthat Savage was wounded by his own companioas, and 
not by 10 or 12 of the enemj^ discharging upon him at once 
■ Sec next note. 

§ " He had at that time one bullet lodged in, his thlgh> 
a. mother shot through the brim of his hat, by ten or twelve 
cf the enemy dischar^^iog upon him together, while he bold- 
ly held up his colours in the front of his company." 
Hubbard, 76. Our author or Mr. Hubbard is in a great 
mistake about the manner in which he was wounded, but the 
former ought not to be mistaken. 

j^ {Upper pa.ri of Bristol) 
Jy^cfH- the upjjer part of Warren, w\iic\i Ws Aa^^ii t^keu 



PHILIP'S WAR. 35 

the heads of eiglit Englishmen thrit were klllc J at tlio 
head of Matapoiset neck, and set upon poles, aftrr 
the barbarous manner of those sav?i:Tr,s. There Philio 
had staved all liis drums and conveyed vM his canoos 
to the east side of ivl ntr<poip(t river. Hence it wag 
concluded by tho?e, tluit wcro acquainted with th3 
motions of those people, thjit thoy hni quittv^J the 
Deck. Mr. Chorcii told them that Philip was doubt- 
less gone over to Pocasset side to engfige thofe In- 
dians in a rebellion with him, v.hich they soon foun I 
to be true. The enemy were not really beaten oi.t 
of Mounthope neck, though it v/r.s true [that] they 
fled from thence ; yet it was before any purrued 
them. It was but to strengthen themselves, and to 
gain a more advantageous post. However, some, 
snd not a few, pleased themselves with the fancy of 
a mighty conquest. 

A grand council was held, and a resolve passes!, 
to build a fort there, to maintain tlie finst ground 
they had. gained, by the Indians leavirg it to them. 
And to speak the truth, it must be said, that as the/ 
gained not that field by their sword, nor their bow, 
so it was rather their fear than their courage thiit 
obliged them to set up the marks of their conquest. •'" 

Mr. Church looked upon it, and talked of it wilJi 
contempt, and urged hard the pursuing [of] the en- 
emy on Pocasset side; and with the greater earnof t- 
ness; because of the pron^ise made to Awashonks, bc-» 
fore mentioned. 

The council adjourned themselves from Mount- 



from Bristol. It is called on the map of Rhodcisland, Kich-i-* 
fiiuet, or rather the bay which makes this neck on one side, 
in so called. 'Warren river makes the other side. 

•Major Savage and Major Cudwodh commanded the 
forces in this expedition, at whom, of course, this reflection 
is d'pecterl. But chieflv, 1 sujipose, at Major Cudworth: 
For I llnd, Hubbard, 79,' that Captain Cudworth, as he de- 
nominates him, " left a j^arriFon of 40 men upon Mount* 
hope neck," whii;h is all that he says jibout this fort. 



3 pmUP»S WAR. 

of)c to Reliobotli,* where Mr. Treasui'er South- 
vortli, being weary of his cliarge of Commissary 
jrciieral, (provision being scarce and diflicalt. to 
be obtained for the arm)',f that now lay still to co- 
ver the people from nobody, while tiiey were build- 
ing a fort for nothing) retired, and the power and 
trouble of that post was left to Mr. Church, who 
etili urged the commanding ofiicers to move over to^ 
Pocusset side, to pursue the enemy and . kill Philip, 
which would in his opinion be more probable to keep 
possession of the neck, than to tarry to build a fort. J 
He was still restless on that side of the river, and 
the rather, because of his promise to the' squaw Sa- 
tJiem of Sogkonate. And Captain Fuller^ also urg- 
ed the same, until at length there came further or- 

* A town in Massacluisotts, about 10 miles from where they 
then were, and about SS from Boston. 

t Hubbard say5, 77, tbat the forces under Major Savage 
returned to Swanzey, and those under Capt. Cudworlh pass- 
ed over to lU)odeis[and the^ame day, as the weatber looked 
likpiy to bo tempestuous, and that nl$!;iU th«^re feU abundance 
of rain. But it is presumed that Captain Cudworth soon re- 
turned to build said fort, aij he arrived at Swanzey the 5 
July. 

t ^^^lile tbppe things were passino;, Capt. Hutchinson was 
despatched witb a letter from the Goveniour of Massachu'^ 
feet ts, bearing date July 4, 1675, constituting him commis- 
•sioner to treat with the Narra^ansets, who now seem openly 
to declare for Philip. " Re arrived the 5 at Swanzey, and on 
the 6, a consultation was hejld, wherein it was resolved "to 
'.reat with the Narragansets sword in hand." Accordingly 
the forces marched into their country, and after several cere- 
monious days, a treaty, as long as it was uselfis?, was fugned 
on the 15. It may be seen at large in Hubbard, Nar. 81 to 
83, and Hutchinson, I, 2G3, 264. Bjr which tiic Narragan- 
uets agreed, to harbour none of Pliilip's people, &,c. ; all 
which was only forced upon theip, and they regarded it no 
lousier than the army wa^i present. The army then returned 
to Taunton^ 17 June. 

§ I learn nothing more of this gentleman than is found in 
this history. The name is common in Massachusetts and 
elsewhere. He had 6 files each containing 6 meO; therefore 
t^ejj Hhole numbei' consistetl of 30 m^u ouTy . 



PHILIP'S WAR. SX 

jers* ^onceming; the fort, and withal an order for 
Captain Fuller with six files to cross the river to the 
jgide so much insisted on, and to try if he could get 
^speech with any of the Pocasset or Sogkonate In- 
,<lians, and that Mr. Church should go [as] his second. 

Upon the Captain's receiving his orders, he asked 
Mr. Church whether he were willing to engage in this 
enterprise ; to whom it was indeed too agreeable to 
he declined; though he tliought the enterprise was 
iiazardous enough for them to have [had] more men 
assigned them. Captain Fuller told him, that for 
his own part, he was grown ancient and heavy, [and] 
he feared the travel and fatigue would be too much 
4br him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him 
[that] he would cheerfv-ly excuse him hi« hardship 
and travel, and take that part to hini«oIf, if he might 
bat go ; for he had rather do any thing in the world, 
thnn to stav there to build the fort. 

Then they drew out the number assigned them, 
.-and marched the same nightf to tlie ferry,f and were 

* From Major Cudworlli. who ditl not go with the rest of 
■the army into the country of the Narragansets. Hub. 84. 

t No anthor that I have seen, exc*?i>tin^ Mr. Hubbarir, 
fixes any rlate to this ni'»morahle part of Philip's War, Nei- 
ther Hutchinson nor Trumbull takes any notice of it. Hub- 
bard, 84, says, "Upon Thursday, July 7, Captain FuHer and 
Lieutenant* Churcn went into Pocasset to seek allcr the ene- 
my,"- i^a But he is in an crrour about t]»e liay of (he week 
or mon'fhj and perhaps both ; for I find that the 7 July falls 
on Wednesday ; an eirour which micjlit easily have happened 
in some former ed»tion of his Narrative. Though this scru- 
tiny may seom unimpoj -ayit, yet, (lie transaction, it must be 
■allowed*, meiits particular attention ; for hiritory without 
vlironoiogy i^ay be compared to (he (ra'.kless desert ever 
■%vl:ich we ma/ v^ander in vain for rclif f. Mort authors since 
X^r. Hubbard's tiKie, pass lightly over iliis event, and either 
think it not worth fiXing a date to, o*- oouhtiiig the autiiority 
X)f Ml. Hubbard. But I am induced to believe, tliat the day 
of the month is right, and that the day of the week is ^'> rong. 
H' this -be the case, we arc able to fix the date of the battle of 
the Peasfield on July 8. 

t Bristol ferry. 

4 



I 



flip PHILIP'S WAR. 

transported to Rhodeisland, from iwhcnce, the next 
night they got passa^o^e over to Pocasset side in Rhode- 
island boats, and concluded there to dispose them-* 
selves in two ambuscades before day, hoping to sur- 
prise some of the enemy by their falling into one or 
•ther of their ambushments. But Captain Fuller'« 

{>arty being troubled with the epidemical plague of 
ust ailer tobacco, must needs strike fire to snxoke 
it.* And thereby discovered themselves to a party 
of the enemy coming up to them, who immediately 
fled with great precipitation. 

This ambuscade drew off about break of day, per* 
jceiving [that] thoy were discovered, the other con- 
tinued in their post until the time assigned tJieniy 
and the light and heat of th.^ sun rendered their sta- 
tion both insignificant and troublesome, and then re- 
turned unto the place of rendezvous ; where they 
vrere acquainted with the other party's disappoint- 
ment, and the occasion of it. Mr. Church calls for 
the breakfast he had ordered to be brought over in. 
the boat, but the man that had the charge of it, con- 
fessed that he was asleep when the boat's men call-* 
ed him, and in haste came away and never thought 
of it. It happened that Mr. Church had a few cakes 
of rusk in hia pocket, that Madam Cranston,f (tho 

* It is customary with many to this day in Rhodeisland, to 
fi8C this phrase. If a person tells another that he smoked to-« 
bacco at any particular time, he will say that he smoked itp 
pT *' I hone smokt it,^* 

1 1 am sorry to acknowledaje the want of information of so 
Cpnspicuous a character as a Governour of'Rhodeisland, but. 
the hi!rt:<)ries of Newengland do not tell us there ever was 
euch a Go\ernour. Prooably the town of Cranston perpctu* 
fttes his name. From Allen, Bio^r. 196, if appears tnat Mr. 
William Ooddington was Governour this year, 1675 ; yet 
there may be no mistake irt the text, though this name has 
been written with variation. From Trumbull's Conn. I, 
356, I find that " Jouw Cran^on, Esq., Governour of 
Rhodeisland, [in 1679] held a court in Narraganset, in Sep- 
tember, and made attempts to introduce the authority and 
•fficers of Rhodeirjland, into that i>art of Connecticut. The 
geaarsd assembly (hereibre, iu OcWoetj \i«o\.^*\,^«5L ^vAVit 



tniLIf 'S WAtt. Si 

ftovemour's Lady of Rhodeisland) gave him wfaon^ he 
came off the island, which he divided among the 
company, which was all the provisions they had. 

Mr. Church, afler their slender breakfast, proposed 
to Captain Fuller, that he would majrch in quest of 
the eneiHy, with such of the company as would be* 
willing to march with him, which he complied withi 
thoiigh vnth a great deal of scruple ; because of his 
email numbers, and the extreme hazard he foresaw 
must attend tliem.* 

But some of the company reflected upon Mr. 
Church, that notwithstanding his talk on the other 
«ide of the river, he had not shown them any In- 
dians since they came over; which now moved him 
to tell them, that, if it were their desire to see In- 
<lians, he believed he should now soon show them 
what they should say Was enough. 

The number allowed himf soon drew off to him» 
which could not be many ; because their whole com- 
pany consisted of no more than thirty-six. 

They moved towards Sogkonate, until tliey came 
to the brook;]: that runs into Nunnaquahqat^ neck, 
where they discovered a fresh and plain track, which 

bis usurpation, and declared his acts to be utterly void." 
Thus the spirit of feeling between the two colonies at thiir 
period is discovered. 

* Captain Fuller had not proceeded far, before he fell ia 
with a lar^e nuraher of the enemy, but fortunately he was 
in t1\e vicinity of the water, and more fortunately, near an 
old houise, in which he sheltered himself and men until a 
vessel discovered and conveyed them off, with no other loss, 
than having two men wounded. He had 17 men in his com- 
pany. 

t Nineteen. Hubbard, d5, says, that Mr. Church had 
not above 15 men. 

i This brook is that which enlpties into the bay nearlj a 
vniie southward from Howland's ferry. The road to Little 
Compton, here, follows the shore of the bay, aind crosses said 
brook where it meets the bay. 

§ Now called (^uaacut, a idiaU striit hear t&e bfooVjuift 

in«ntiAnA4> 



40 PHILIP'S W Air.: 

\kej concluded to be from the great pihe swamps 
about a mile from the road that leads to Sogkonate. 
" Now,** says Mr. Church, to his men, " if we follow 
this track, no doubt but we shall sooa see Indiana 
enough." They expressed their willingness to fol- 
low the track, and moved [on] in it; but [they] had 
not gone far, before one of them narrowly escaped 
being bit with a rattlesnake ; and the woods that 
the track led them through was haunted much with 
those snakes, which the little company seemed more 
to be afraid of, than the black serpents they were in 
quest of; and therefore bent their course another 
way to a place where they thought it probable to 
find some of the enemy. Had they kept the track 
to the pine swamp, they had been certain of meet- 
ing Indians enough^ but not so certain that any of 
them should have returned to give {an] account how 
many. 

Now they passed down into Punkatees* neck, and 
in their march discovered a large wigwam full of 
Indian truck, which the soldiers were for loading 
themselves with, until Mr. Church forbid it ; telling 
them th^y might expect soon to have their handsp 
full and business without caring for plunder. Then 
crossing the head of the creisk into the neck, they 
again discovered fresh Indian tracks ; [which had] 
very lately passed before them into the neck. They 
then got privately and undiscovered unto the fencQ 
of Captain Almy'sf peas field, and divided into two 

parties; Mr. Church keeping the one party with 

' • •' , - .. ■ -j 

* A point of land running south nearly two miles between \ 
the bay and Little Compton, and a little more than a mile - 
vride. On Lockwood's map of Rhodeisland it is called Pun- 
catest. It is the southern extremity of Tiverton, and haft 
been known by the name of Pocasset neck. 

t Captain John Almy, who lived on Rhodeisland; the ' 
same, I presume, mentioned in the Beeinning of this history. 
The land is now owned by people of the same name, and 
Idr, Sanford Almy, an a^ed gentleman^ lives near the spot* ^ 



telLIP'S WAE. 41 

himself, sent the other with Lake,* #ho wm ac- 
quainted with the ground, on the other side. Twa 
Indians were soon discovered coming out of the 
peas field towards them, when Mr. Church and thos« 
that were with him, concealed themselves from them 
by falling flat on the ground, but the other division^ 
not using the same caution, was seen by the enemy^ 
which occasioned them to run, whiph, when Mr. 
Church perceived, he showed himself to them, and 
called ; telling them he desired but to speak witk 
them, and would not hurt them. But they ran and 
Church pursued. The Indians climbed over a fencOy 
«tnd one of them facing about, discharged his piece> 
but without efiect, on the English. One of the Eng- 
lish soldiers ran up to the tisnce and fired upon him 
that had discharged his piece, and they concluded 
by the yelling they heard, that the Indian was wound- 
ed. But the Indians soon got into the thicketa^ 
whence they saw them no more for the present. 

Mr. Church tlien marching over a plane piece of 
ground where the woods were very thick on one 
side, ordered his little company to march at a double 
distance to make as big a show, (if they should be 
discovered,) as might be. But before they saw any 
body they were saluted with a volley of fifly or six- 
ty guns. Some bullets came very surprisingly near 
Mr. Church, who starting, looked behind him to see 
what was become of his men, expecting to have 
seen half of them dead ; but seeing them all upon 
their legs, and briskly firing at the smokes of the 
' enemies' guns ; (for diat wafi: all that was then to 
' be seen.)f He blessed God, and called to his mea 

■^ ■ I ■ I ■ .I- ^— ■!■■■■ M m •! -I I ■ M.«. ■ ■ ■- ■ — ■-■-■■■■■ I ■ ■ - ■ ■ ■■ — ^. ^ !■ ■ ■ ■ I ■ I w i m ^ 

* As the name of Lake is not jnentioned any where else m 
this history, I cannot determine who this was. 

t This was indeed very remarkahle, as it appears tha£ 
nothing prevented the Indians from taking delioerate aim. 
The truth of the text must not be doubted, but certainljr 
Jove never worked^ ffreater miracle in favour of the TrojuMi 
at the siege of Troy, than Hesper now did for our h^roel 

4* ■ 




42 PHItlP'S WAR. 

not to discharge all their guns at once, lest the ene* 
my should take the advantage of such an opportuni-^ 
ty to run upon them with their hatchets. 

Their next motion was immediately into the pea» 
field.* When they came to the fence, Mr. Church 
bid as many as had not discharged their guns to 
clap under the fence and lie close, while the others^ 
at some distance in the field, stood to charge ; hop- 
ing, that if the enemy should creep to the fence, 
' (to gain a shot at those that were charging their 
guns,) they might be surprised by those that lie un- 
der tne fence. But casting his eyes to the side of ■ 
the hill above them, the hill seemed to move, beiog^ 
covered over with Indians, with their bright guns 
glittering in the sun. and running in a circumference 
with a design to surround them. 

Seeing such multitudes surrounding him and his 
little company, it put him upon thinking what was- 
liecome of the boats that were ordered to attend him, 
and looking up, he spied them ashore at Sandy- 
point,f on the island side of the river,} with a num- 
ber of horse and foot by them, and wondered what 
should be the occasion ; until he was afterwards in- 
formed that the boats had been over that morning 
from the island, and had landed a party of men at 
Fogland, that were designed in Punkatees neck to 
fetch off some cattle and horses*, but were am- 

• (Tiverton shore about half a mile above Fogland ferry.) 
The sitojation of Punkatees is ^iven in a preceding note. 
It contaips nearly two square miles, and it is sufficient to 
knoyr thit it contained the ground on which this battle was 
fpoght. 

^, t There are two Sandy points on the Rhodeisland shore, 
"tmfi above and the other below Fogland ferry; this was that 

above. Fogland ferry connects the island with Punkatees 

and is near the middle of it« 

(The bay is meant. It being narrow, or from three 
4?iliih> to a mile wide, is sometimes called a river, and in the 
^M charters,. NarrsL^dJuseiriyev, See Douglass, I, S99. 



PHILIP'S WAR. 49 

bascaded, and many of them wounded by the ene- 
my.* 

Now our gentleman's courage and conduct were 
both put to the test. He encouraged his men, and 
orders some to run and take a wall for shelter be- 
fore the enemy gained it. It was time for them new 
to think of escaping if they knew which way. Mr. 
Church orders his men to strip to tlieir white shirts, 
that the islanders might discover them to be Eng- 
lishmen, and then orders three guns to be fired dis- 
tinctly, hoping [thai] it might be observed by their 
friends on the opposite shore. The men that wer& 
ordered to take the wall being very hungry, stop- 
ped a while among the peas to gather a few, be- 
ing about four rods from the wall. The enemy from 
beliind, hailed them with a shower of bullets. But 
soon all but one came tumbling ovef an old hedge, 
down the bank, where Mr. Church and the rest were, 
and told him, that his brother, B. Southworth,f who 
was the man that was nussing, was killed ; that they 
saw him fall. And so they did indeed see him fall, 
but it was without a shot, and lay no longer than tilt 
he had an opportunity to clap a bullet into one of 
the enemies^ foreheads, and then came ruiming ta 
his company. 

The meannes? of the English powder was now 
their greatest misfortune. When they were imme* 
diately upon tht& beset with multitudes of Indians^ 
who possessed themselves of every cock^ stump, tree 
or fence, that was in sight, &nng upon them without 

■ ■ ■■■■■■■ I ■■ ^1 I ■ ■ ■ »■■■ ■ ■ »i ■ I ^ B^M I ■^■■■i.— »— !■ ■ P^ai — ^- ■■ ■^^■1^ , ■■ ,11 I ■■■■* ,.— 

* It is mentioned in a later part of tlds history, that Mr. 
Church's servant was wounded at Bocasset^ while there after 
cattle. This is the time alluded to.. Hubbi^d^ 86, says tiiat 
** five men coming from Rhodeisland, to look up their cattle 
upon Pocasset neck, wero assaulted by the same Indians ;. 
one of the five was Captain Church^ servant^ who had hi» 
leg. broken in the skirmish, the rest hardljr escaping witli 
their lives ;" and^ that "this was the first time that ever anjr 
mischief was done by the Indians upon Pocasset neck^^; 
This was on the same day of the battle of Punkatees. "^ 

t Bzother in law to Mr. Church. M 



■4,.i 



*4 l^ifULI^S WAR. 

ceasing ; while they had no other shelter but a small 
bank, and bit of a water fence.* And yet, to add to 
the disadvantage of this little handful of distressed 
men, the Indians also possessed themselves of the 
. ruins of a stone house, that overlooked them. So that, 
now, they had no way to prevent lying quite open to 
some or other of the enemy, but to heap up stones 
before them, as they did ; and still bravely and won- 
derfully defended themselves against all the num- 
bers of the enemy. 

At length came over one of the boats from the isl- 
and shore, but the enemy plied their shot so warmly 
to her, as made her keep at some distance. Mr. 
Church desired them to send their canoe ashore, to 
fetch them on board ; but no persuasions nor argu- 
ments could prevail with them to bring their canoe 
to shore ; which some of Mr. Church's men per- 
ceiving, began to cry out, for God's sake to take 
them off, for their ammunition was spent ! &c. Mr* 
Church being sensible of the danger of the enemy's, 
hearing their complaints, and being made acquaint- 
ed with the weakness and scantiness of their ammuni-> 
tion, fiercely called to the boat's master, and bid 
him either send his canoe ashore, or else be gone 
presently, or he would fire upon him. 

Away goes the boat, and leaves them still to shift; 
for themselves. But then another difiiculty arose;: 
' the enemy, seeing the boat leave them, were reani- 
^ mated, and fired thicker and faster than ever. Up- 
f>n which, some of the men, that were lightest of foot, 
]>egan to talk of attempting an escape by flight, un- 
til Mr. Church solidly convinced them of the im- 
practicableness of it, and encouraged them yet. [He]| 
told them, that he had observed so much of the re- 
markable, and wonderfiil providence of God^ [in] 

• This indeed will compare with Lovewell's Fight. That 
liero, to prevent being quite encompassed) retreated to the 
^hore of a pond. The particulars of which will be found ui 
^e continuAtioa of HdsmMtotf* ^e X^l^^^is^ "^l. 



FHILIP'S WAF 4« 

hitherto preserving them, that it encourapjed him to 
believe, with much confidence, that God would yet 
preserve them ; that not a hair of their heads should 
fall to the ground ; bid them be patient, courageous^ 
and prudently sparing of their ammunition, and ho 
iXiade no doubt but they should come well off yet, 
&c. [Thus] until his little army again resolved, 
one and all, to stay with, and stick by him. One of 
them, by Mr. Church's order, was "pitching a flat 
stone up on end before him in the sand, when a bul- 
let from the enemy with a full force, struck the 
stone while ho was pitching it on end, which put 
the poor fellow to a miserable start, till Mr. Church 
called upon him to observe how God directed the 
bullets, that the enemy could not hit him when in 
the same place, [and] yet could hit the stone as it 
was erected. 

While they were thus making the best dcfcrice* 
they could against their numerous enemies, that 
BkPjic the woods ring witii their constant yelling and. 
shouting. And night coming on, somebody told 
Mr. Church, [that] they spied a sloop up the river 
as far as Goldisland,* that seemed to be coming 
down towards them. He looked up and told them, 
that, succour was now coming, for he believed it was 
Captain Golding,f whom he knew to be a man for 
business, and would certainly fetch them off if he 
came. The wind being fair, the vessel was soort 
with them, and Captain Golding it was. Mr. Church 
^«e soon as they came to speak v.'ith one another) 
X, desired him to come to anchor at such a distance 
from the shore, that he might veer out his cable, and 
ride afloat ; and let slip his canoe, that it might 

• A very small lcdg;y island a little to the south of the stona 
bridge, near the middle of Ihe stream, and about 4 or 5 miles 
from where they were. 

1 1 find nothing relating to this gentleman excepting what 
iM found in this history. We may infer that he was a man of 
worth and confidence, by Mr. Church's eatrufitv^^VvvBB. ^^^Ja^^ 
jin important post at the ii|^Ut >vheu VKi\vvNN^i«>V^^» 



<6 l^ldlLIFS WAft; 

drive a shore; which directions Captain Goldifi;g 
observed. But tlie enemy gave him such a warm 
salute, that his sails, colours and stern were full of 
bullet holes. 

The canoe came ashore, but was so small that 
she would not bear above two men at a time ; and 
when two were got aboard they turned her loose to 
driye a shore for two more. And the sloop's compa- 
ny kept the Indians in play the while. But when at 
last it came to Mr. Church's turn to go ab(>atd, he 
had left his hat and cutlass at the well, where he 
went to drink when he first came down ; he told hrs 
company, [that] he would never go off and leave 
his hat anacutlaso for tne Iiidiaad,[ihat] they should 
never have that to reflect upon him. Though he 
was much dissuaded from it, yet he would go and 
fetch them. He put all the powder he had left into 
his ^n, (and a poor charge it was) aiid Went pre- 
■entmg his gun at the enemy, until he took up what 
he went for. At his return he discharged his guil 
at the enemy, to bid them farewell for that time; 
but had not powder enough to carry the bullet half 
way to them. Two bullets from the enemy struck 
the canoe as he went on board, one grazed the hair 
of his head a little l>efore, another stuck in a small 
stake that stood right against the middle of hidf 
breast.* 

Now this gentleman with his drmy, making in all 
twenty men, himself and his pilot being numbered 
with them, got ail safe on board, after six hours en- 
gagement with three hundred Indians; [of] whdde 
numbers we were told afterwiards by some of them- 

• The lofty and elegant lines of Barlow, on the conduct of 
Cfen. Putnam at the battle of Bunker's hill, wiU admirably 
apply to our hero. 

'* There strides bold Putnam, and from all the plaint 
•Calls the tired troops, the tardy rear sustains. 
And mid the whizzing balls that skim the lowe 
Waves back his sword, defies the following ^" 

Columbiad, B. Y. SO, &e^ 



PHILIP^S WAR, 4T 

•elves.* A deliverance which that good gentlemaii 
oft^a mentions to the glory of God, and his protect- 
ing providence . 

The n^xt day,t meeting with the rest of his little 
coi»pany,J whom he Jiad left at Pocasset, (that had 
also a small skirmish with the Indians and had two 
men wouijd.ed) tliey returned to tlie Mounthope gar- 
rison, which Mr. Church used to call the losing 
forL 

Mr. Church then returned to the island, ta seek 
provision for tlie army. [There he] meets with Al- 
derman,<§ a noted Indian, tliat was just come over 
from the squaw Sacliem's capo of Pocasset, having, 
deserted from her, and brought over his family, who. 
gave hiin an account of the state of the Indians,^ 
and wher« each of UiQ Sagan:iore's headquarters^ 
wa^. Mr. Church then discoursed with some, who 
knew the spot well, where the Indians said Weeta- 
more'sjl headqqartQrs were, aij4 offered their service 
jbo pilot him [to it.] 

With this news he hastened to the Mounthop« 
garrison, [and] the army expressei} their readiness to 
cn>brace such an opportunity. 

All the ablest soldiers were no\v immodiately drawn 
off, equipped and despatched upoq this design, un- 
der the comuiand of a cgrtain oliicer.lT And having 

marched about two miles, viz., until they came to 

— — «■■■■■ ■ ■ I ■ " 

• Hubbard 85, says that there were seven or eight scores, 
Mfttber, following nim, says there were " an hundred and 
ahuobt jUve times fifteen terrible Indians." Magnalia. IL 

483. 

t July 19. 

X Oil Rhodeisland. Mr. Church and his company were 
transported there, as were Oapt. Fuller and his company be- 
fore. Sec PQtp 1 on page 39. 

§ The Indian that killed Philip. 

li (S<iuaw Sachem of Pocasset.) 

An account of this <' old ^ueen" has been given. Se« 
note 2 on page 27. 

? I have not learned this officer's name, but it was Ca^C 
Henchman's Lieutenant. 



45 PHILIP'S WAR. 

the cove that lies southwest from the Mount wheri 
orders were given for a halt. The conamander in 
chief told them [that] he thought it proper to take 
advice before he went any further ; called Mr. 
Church and the pilot and asked them how they knew 
that Philip and all his men were not by that time got 
to Weetamore's camp; or that all her own men 
were not by that time returned to her agaiji, with 
many more frightful questions. Mr. Church told 
him [that] they had acquainted him with as much as 
they knew, and that for his part he could discover 
nothing that need to discourage them from proceed- 
ing; that he thought it so practicable, that he with 
the pilot, would willingly lead the way to the spot, 
and hazard the brunt. But the chief commander in- 
«isted on this, that the enemy's numbers were so 
great, and he did hot know what numbers more 
might be . added unto them by that time ; and his 
company so small, that he could not think it practi- 
cable to attack them ; adding moreover, that if he 
were sure of killing all the enemy and knew that he 
must lose the life of one of his men in the action, 
he would not attempt it. " Pray sir, then," replied 
Mr. Church, [ — ]^ " leac^ your company to yonder 
windmill on Rhodeisland, and there they will be out 
of danger of being killed by the enerny, and we- 
shall have less trouble to supply them wjth provi- 
sions."* But return he would and did unto the gar- 
rison until more strength came to thepri» and a sloop 
to transport them to Faliriver,f in order to visit 
Weetamore's campt j 

1 [Please to.] '* 

__2 , . ■ ■ 

♦The action related in the next paragraph was not until 
they returned ; though it might be understood that Church 
went " out on a discovery" before. 

t rSouth part of Freetown.) 

It is in the town of Troy, which was taken from Freetown. 

Fallriver is a local name, dierived from a stream that empties 

into the bar about a mile above Tiverton line. Probably no 

pJace in the United States contains so uuaXL^ i^t\,at'vi& \ut 

^fwaJJ a compass as tlu& 



PHILIP'S WAH. 4d 

Mr. Church, one Baxter, and Captain Hunter, an 
Indian, proffered to ^o out on the discovery on the 
left wing, which was accepted. They had not 
inarched above a quarter of a mile before they start- 
ed three of the enemy. Captain Hunter wounded 
one of them in the knee, who when he came up fto 
him] he dtseovered io be his near kinsman. The 
^aptnro desired favour for his «quaw, if she should 
fall into tlieir hands, but asked none for himself; ox* 
•cepting the liberty of taking a whiff of tobacco; 
and while he was taking his whiff his kinsman, with 
one blow of his hatchet, despatched him. 

Proceeding to Weetamore's camp they were dis- 
covered by one of the enemy, who ran in and gave 
information. Upon which a lusty young fellow left 
his meat upon his spit,* running hastily out, told his 
'Companions [that] he would kill an Englishman be- 
fore he ate his dinner ; but failed of his design ; being 
no sooner out than shot down. The enemies' fires, 
and what shelter they had, were by the edge of a 
thick cedar swamp, into which on this alarm they 
betook themselves, and the English as nimbly pursu- 
ed ; but were soon commanded back by their chief- 
tain, [but not until]^ they were come within [the] 
hearing of the cries of their women and children ; 
tmd so ended that exploit. But returning to their 
sloop the enemy pursued them, and wounded two of 
their men. The next day they returned to the 
Mounthope garrison. f 

^ [after] ^ 

> ■ ■ — »■-'■■' " ■ I ■ -■ 11,111 II ■ I . 

• (Probably a wooden spit.) 

t These operations took ^p -about four or five days, hence 
vre have arrived to the IS or 14 July. In the course of which, 
time, fourteen or fifteen of the enemy were killed. See 
Hubbard, 87. Holmes, I, 422. These individual effort* 
were of far more consequence than the . manoeuvres of 
the main-army during the same time ; yet Hutchinson, H» 
Adamsj and some others Alice, thought them Bot worth men-' 
tionin 



S< 



? 



t 



fiO PHILIP'S WAR. 

Soon after this was Philip's headquarters visited* 
by some other English forces, but Philip, and his gang 
had the very fortune to escape, that Weetamore and 
liers (but now mentioned) had. They took into a 
swamp, and their pursuers were commanded back. 

After this Dartmouth'sf distreisses required succour, 
[a] great part of the town being laid desolate, and 
many of the inhabitants killed. The most of Ply- 

^. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ m^, ■■■,.- ^ ■■■ — •■ — - ' - ' » ^- ■■■■' — *■■■-- — ■■ ' ■ ■■■■■■! ■ I ■ ■ ■ . — ■ i^ 

• A particular account ojfthis affair from our author, would 
hiBLVt been gratifying. But most other historians before and 
since him, have been elaborate upon it. 

In consequence of the intelligence gained by Mr. Church, 
the army, after iinishingthe treaty with the Narragansets, 
befoj'e named, moved to jCaunton, where they arrived the 17 
July, in the evening ; and on the 18, marched to attack Philip, 
who was now in a great swamp, adjacent to, and on the es^ 
fiide of Taunton river. The army did not arrive until late 
in the day, but soon entered resolutely into the swamp. 
The uftderwood was thick, and the foe could not bo 
seen. Th« first that entered were shot down, but the 
xe«>t rushing on, soon forced them from their hiding places, 
and took possession of their wigwams, about 100 in number. 
Night coming on, each was in danger from his fellow ; firing 
at every bush that seemed to shake. A retreat was now or- 
dered. Concluding that Philip was safely hemmed in, the 
Massachusetts forces marched to Boston, and the Connecti- 
•cut troops, being the greatest sufferers, returned home j leav- 
ing those of Plymouth to starve out the enemjr. Trumbull's 
Connecticut, I, 882. Ibid. U, S. ?, 140, This movement of 
the army has been very much censured. Had they pressed 
upon the enemy the next day, it is thought they would have 
been easily subdued, But Philip and his warriours, on the 
I JUi|pist, before day, passed the river on rafts, and in great 
triumph, marched oft into the country of the Nipmucks. 
About 16 of the English were killed. Ibid. Mather, II, 
488, says that Philip Jeft a hundred of his {people behind whtf 
&11 into the hands of the English. It is said that Philip had' 
a brother killed in this fight, who was a chief Captain, and 
bad been educated at Harvard College. Hutch. I, 265. 

t.That part of Dartmouth which was destroyed is about S 
miles S. \V, from Jfewbedford, and known by th« name? of 
Aponaganset. The early histories give us no particulars 
about tne affair, and few mention it at all, Many of the in- 
habitants moved to RhodeisHnd . Middlebbrough, then call- 
ed NcrtfR^ket, about this time was mostly burned ; probably^ . 
prIuJe the trea.ty was concluding wth \£ft ]S^tx^i9JCk&sb\.v 



Pm^lP>l§ WAR. 61 

I 

mouth forces were ordered thither. And coming t<^ 
jlussell's ||arrison* at Ponagans^t^f they met with a 
number o? the enemy, that had surrendered them* 
selves prisoners on terms promised by Captain Eels 
of the garrison, and Ralph £arl,{ who persuaded 
them (by a friend Indian he had employed) to ccNme 
in. And had their promise to the Indians oeen kept* 
tmd the Indians fairly treated, it is probable that, 

* The cellars of this old ffamson are still to be seen. 
^Th^y are on the north bank of the Aponaganset about a mile 
Irom its mouth. I was informed by an inhabitaBt on the spot^ 
that considerable manceuvring went on here in those days. 
*rhe Indians had a ibrton the opposite side of the river, ajnd 
used to i^ow themselves, and act ail manner of mocikery, te 
aggravate the English ; they being at more than a ccmunon 
gunshot o(L At one time one made his appearance, and 
tamed his back^de in defiance, as usual ; but some oiie hav- 
ing an uncommonly long gun fired upon him and put an end 
to his mimickry^ i 

A similar story ts told l^ the oeople of Middleborough^. 
which took place a little north of the town house, across the 
Kemasket. The distance of the former does not render the 
«tory so improbable as that of the latter, but circumstances 
^re more authentick. The gun is ^ill diown which performed 
the astonishing feat. The distance, some say is nearly half 
a mile, wfiidh is considerable ground of improbability. That 
XL circumstance of this kind occurred at ooth these places^ 
too, is a doubt. But it is true that a fight did take place 
across the river at Middleborough. The Indians came to 
the river and burned a grist milivrbich stood near the pre* 
sent -site of the lower factory, and soon after drew off. The 
affair has been acted over foy the inhabitants as a celebration 
not many years since. 

t (In Dartmouth.) 

The word is generally proaounced as it is spelled in the' 
text) but is always, especisuly of late^ written Aponaganset, 
Mr. Douglass, it appears learned this name Folyganset, when, 
he took a survey of the country. See his Summary, I, 409. 

1 1 can find no mention of these two gentlemen iu any of 
the histories. But their names are sufficiently immortalized 
by their conduct in opposing the diabolical acts of govern 
ment for selling prisoners as slaves. It is possible that they 
might, decline serving any more in the war, after being so 
. much abused ; and henee were not noticed by the historians^ 
who also pass over this black page of our ^storY^ ^ Ms^^l^ 
as possible. — • ' " — ^"^ ** *■* 



PHILIPS WAR. 

most, if not all, the Indians in those parts had sootf 
followed the example of those, who had now suireri-- 
dered thenu^lves, which would have been a good!^ 
step towards finishing tlie war; But in spite of alt 
that Captain Eels, Church ot Earl could say, argufe, 
plead or beg; scmiebody else that had more power iiv 
their hands, improved it. And witliout any regard! 
to the promises made tfienron theirBurrendering them* 
ffeWes, they were carried away to Plymouth, there sold^ 
and transported out of the country, being about eight 
score persons.* An action so hateful to Mr. Churchy 
Aat he opposed it, to the loss of the good will aiiA 
sespects of some that before were his good friends* 
But while these things were acting at Dartmouthy 
Philip made Jiis escape ;f leaving his country, fled 
avei l^nton river, and Rehoboth plain, and ratux-- 
elj river, where Captain Edmunds^ of Providence^ 
made some spoil upon him, and had probably don^ 
more, but was prevented by the coming;, of a superi^ 
our officer, that put him by.j| 

•*~ ■■ ■ ■! ■ n il. n — ■■ »«^— »p« Ml' 

••With regret it is mentioneiTthat the venerable Jo&nr 
Winthrop was Govemoar of Connecticut, (Connecticut an J 
Kewhoven now fosming but one colony)- the Hon^ John 
L«verett of Massachusetts, and the Hon. Josiah Winslow of 
Flymouth. Rhodeisland, because thej' chose ^cedom< rather 
thAtkMibfoery, had not been adn^itted into the Union. Front 
this history it would seem that one Cranston was Governovnr 
of Bhodeisland at this time ^ but that colony appears not tQ 
be implicated in thiis as well as many other acts of male ad* 
ministration. See note 3 on page 38.. 

t Air accou&t oTwhich is given in note l,.pag.e 50. 

i Douglass wrote this word Fatuket, as it is now pronouno* 
ed.. Summary, 1, 400. It is now often written Fatuxet. I| 
IS Blackstone river, or was so called formerly. 

J 1 1 find na other account of this officer m the Indian wari^ 
y what is hinted at in this history ; from which it appears 
that he was more than once employed, and was in the east^ 
era war. 

n Hubbard, 91, says that FhiHp had about thirty of hii 

partj Jdlled ; but he takes no notice of Capt.. Edmunda* be- 

JBg^pta dji[i. He £aid thai Capt. lieuc\ima.w c^^ixga u^ to thieq^ 



3^— PHILIP'S WAB. ' "^ ?3 

And now another fort was built at Pocasset,* that 
proved -as troublesome and chargeable as that at 
Mounthope ; and the remainder of the summer was 
improved in providipg for the forts and forces there 
maintained ; while our enemies were fled some hun- 
dreds of miles into the country near as far aa.Alba* 

f ^y-t 

but not till the skirmish was over. " But why Philip was 
foUowed no further," he says, "is better to suspend than too 
critically to inquire into." Hence we may conclude that 
the pursuit was countermanded by Capt. Henchman, who 
when too late followed after the enemy without any success. 

*The fort here meant was built to prevent Pbijiip's esciM[>e 
from the swamp before mentioned. See note 1, on page 50. 
Mr. Church appears early to have seen the folly of fort 
building under such circumstances. While that at Mount- 
hope was building, he had seen Philip gaining time -, and 
while this was building to confine him to a swamp, he was 
marching off in triumph. 

t Here smpears a large chasm in our histor^r including about 
four months, namely, from the escape of Philip oh the 1 Au- 
gust, to December ; during which time many circumstances 
transpired worthy of notice, and necessary to render this 
history more perfect. Mr. Church appears to have quitted 
thewar^ and is, perhaps, with his family. 

Philip having taken up his residence among the Nipmucks 
or !Nip/.ct8, did not fail to engage them in his cause. 

On the 14 July a .party killed 4 or ^ people at Mcndoh 
a town S7 miles southwest of Boston. ^ 

Aufi;ust 3, Capt. Hutchinson with 20 horsemen went to re- 
new the treaty with those Indians at a place appointed, near 
Quabaog, (now Brookfield) a town about 60 miles nearlv 
west from Boston ; but on arriving at the place appointed, 
the Indians did not . appear. So he proceeded 4 or 5 miles 
beyond, towards their chief town, when all at once, some 
hundreds of them fired upon the company. Eieht were shot 
down, and 8 others were wounded. Among the latter was 
Capt. Hutchinson who died soon after. The remainder escap- 
ed to Quabaog, and the Indians pursued them. But the Eng- 
lish arrived in time to warn the inhabitants of the danger^ 
who with themselves crowded into one house. The other 
houses (about 20) were immediately burned down. They 
next besieged the house containing the inhabitants (about 
^0) and the soldiers. This thev exerted themselves to fire. 

5* 



Ik - PHILIP'S WAR> ^ , 

And now strong suspicions began to arise of thd 
Narraganset* Indians, Uiat they were ill affected and 

also, with rarious success for two days, and on the third they 
nearly effected their ohjectby a stratagem. They filled a 
cart with combustibles and set it on fire, and by means of 
t splicing poles together had nearly brought the flames in con- 
i tact with the house, when Major WiUard arrived with 4S 
1 dragoons and dispersed them. See American Ann. 1, 433^ 
] 434. 

I The Indians about Hadley, who had hitherto kept up the 
[ show of friendship, now deserted their dwellings and drew 
* off after Philip. Toward the last of August, Capt. Beera 
\ and Capt. Lotnrop pursued and overtook them, and a fierce 
; battle was fought, in which 10 of the English and 36 Indians 
\ were killed. 

September l.they ^burned Deerfield and killed one of the 
inhabitants. The same day (being a fast) they fell upon 
Hadley while the people were at meeting, at which tney 
were overcome with confusion. At this crisis, a venerable 
gentleman in singular attire appeared among them, and put- 
ting himself at their head, rusned upon the Indians and dis- 
persed them, then disappeared. The inhabitants thought an 
angel had appeared, and led them to victory. But it was 
General Gofiie, one of the Judges of King Charles I, who wa9 
secreted in the town. See President Stiles* history of the 
JudeeSf 109, and Holmes, I, 434. 

About 1 1 September Capt. Beers with S6 men went up the 
river to observe how things stood ^.t a new plantation called 
Squakeag, now Northfield. The Indians a few days before 
(but unknown to them) had fallen upon the place and killed 
9 or 10 persons, aiid now laid in ambush ior the English, 
I whom it appears they expected. They had to march nearly 
SO miles tarough a hideous forest. On arriving within three 
miles of the place, they were fired upon by a host of enemies^ 
and a large proportion of their number fell. The others 
gained an eminence and fbught bravely till their Captain 
was slain, when th^j fled in every direction. Sixteen only i 
escaped. Hubbard, 107. • ' ! 

On the ISth following, as Capt. Lothrop with 80 men was 
guarding some carts fi;om Deerfield to Hadley, they were 

fallen 



* It was believed that the Indians generally returned from 

^he western frontier along the Connecticut, and took np 

their winter quarters amons the Narragansets : but whether 

Philip did is uncertain, ^me suppose that he visited the 

Mohawks And Canada Indians for aasisUiice. 



PHILIP'S WAR. ' SS 

designed mischief. And so the event soon disco-' 
Tered. The next winter they began their hostilities 
upon the English. The united colonies then agreed 
to send an army to suppress them : Goverhour Wins- 
low to command the army.* 

He undertaking the expedition, invited Mr. Church 
to command a company, [ — Y which he declined ; 

1 [in the expedition] 

— i — - - — — - - - , ■■-■■■ _ — -. — 

fallen upon, and, including teamsters, 90 were slain j 7 or 
8 only escaped. Ibid. 108. 

October 5, the Springfield Indians having been joined hy 
about 300 of Philip's men began the destruction of Spring- 
field. But the attack being expected, Major Treat was sent 
for, who was then at Westneld, and arrived in time to save 
much of the town from the flames, but, 82 houses were 
consumed. Holmes, 1, 425. 

October 19, Hatfield was assaulted on all sides by 7 or 80O 
Indians, but there being a considerable number of men well 
prepared to receive them, obliged them to flee without doine 
much damage. A few out ouildings were burned, and 
some of the defenders killed, but we have no account how 
many. Holmes, 1, 425, says. this afiair took place at Hadlev ; 
but llubbard whom hci^ites, 116, says it was at Hatfield. 
The places are only separated by a bridge over the Con- 
necticut, and were formerly included under the same name* 

Mr. Hoyt in his Antiquarian Researches, 136, think»that 
it was in this attack that Gen. Gofie made his appearance^ 
because Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of an attack upon that 
place in Sept, 1675, which, if there had been one, it would 
not have escs^ed his notice. But this might have been un-- 
noticed by Mr, Hubbard a9 well as some other affairs of 
the war. 

Thus are some of the most important events sketched in 
our hero's absence, and we may now add concerning hixa • 
what Homer did of Achilles' return to the siege of Troy. 

Then great Achilles, terrour of the plain, s 

i Long lost to battle, shone in arms again. ,» 

Iliad, 11, B. XX, 67. 

■^ It was to consist of 1000 men and what friendly Indians 
would join them. Massachusetts was to furnish 527, Ply- 
mouth 158, Connecticut 315. Major Robert Treat with 
those of Connecticut, Maj. Bradford with those of Pljrmouth^ 
and Maj. Samuel Appleton with th»aK^ ^i ^<^s»^si>ci;s^a^«^3^ 
The whole nader Gen. JofA9\k Yf\s^^^ hsssxssxm^ ^»»«a*ii 
I 426. 



68 PHILIP'S WAft. 



'if 



craving excuse from taking [a] commission, [but] 
he promises to wait upon him Jis a Reformado [a vcv- 
lunteer] through the expedition. Having rode with 
- the General to Boston, and from thence to Ilehoboth, 
upon the General's request he went thence the near- 
est way over the ferries, with Major Smith,* to his 
garrison in the Narraganset country, to prepare and 
provide for the coming of General Winslow, who 
marched round through the country with his army^ 
proposing by night to surprise Pumham,f a certain 
Narraganset sachem, and his town ; but being aware 
of the approach of our army, made their escape in- 
to the desertsj. But Mr. Church meeting v*ith fair 
winds, arrived safe at the Major's garrison in the 
evening,^ and soon began to inquire after the ene- 
my's resorts, wigwams or sleeping places ; and hav- 
ing gained some, intelligence, he proposed to the El- 
dridges and some other brisk hands that he met with, 
to attempt the surprising of some of the en6my, to 
make a present of, to the <jeneral,' when he should 
arrive, which might advantage his design. Being 
brisk blades they readily complied with the mo- 
tion, and were soon upoii their march. The night 
was very cold, but blessed with the moon. Before 

, f , s 

♦^his gentleman, Mr. Hubbard informs us, Nar. 128 
lived in Wickford where the army was to take up its head- 
quarters. Wickford is about 9 miles N. W. from Newport 
on Narraganset bay. 

i t rSachem of Shawomot or Warwick.) 

Tnis Sachem had signed the treaty in July, wherein such 
great faith and fidelity were promised. See note S on page 
S6. A few days before the great swamp fight at Narraganset 
Cant. Prentice destroyed his t6wn after it was deserted. But 
in July, 167 6j" he was "killed by some of the Massachusetts 
men, near Dedham. A grandson of his was taken before 
this, by a party under Capt. Denison, who was esteemed the 
best soldier and most warlike of all the Narraganset ehiefe. 
Trumbull,' 1, 345. . 

} It appears that all did not escape into the desert3. The 
iteroick Capt Mosely captured 36 ou his way to Wickford. 

§ December 11. ^ 



ihe day broke they effected their exploit ; and, b/ 
ihe rising of the sun, arrived at the Major's garrison^ 
where they met the General, and presented him with 
eighteen of the enemy, [which] they had captivated^ 
The General, pleased with the exploit, gave them 
thanks, particularly to Mr. Church, the nK)ver and; 
chief actor of the business. And sending two of 
them (likely boys) [as] a present to Boston ; [andj 
smiling on Mr. Cnurch, told him, that he made no^ 
doubt but his faculty, would supply them with In^ 
ciian boys enough before the v/ar was ended. 

Their next move was to a swamp,* which tlie Iri^ 
dians had fortified with a fort.f Mr. Church rode irf 
the General's guard when the bloody ei>gagomen( 

»! • ■—■■ ■ ■ - -- - - •- ■■- - -II - ' . — ' 

•Hubbard, 136, says tliat tlie army was piloted to tii^ 
place by one Peter, a fugitive Irtdiaft, who fied from the Nar-^ 
ragansets, upon some cuscontent, and to him they were in- 
debtecl, in a great measure for their success. How long be-' 
fore the array would have found the enemy, or on what plart^ 
of the fort they Would have fallen, is uncertain.- It appears^, 
that had they come unorr <my otEerparL they nWSC_^as^5j^ 
oeen repulsea. Whether this Peter was fn^^ri of jfwash-^ 
onks, or Peter Nunnuit, the husband of WeetamorC;^ the^ 
Queen of Pocaseet, is uncertain. But Mr. HuHbard styles* 
tim a fugitive from the Narragansets^ If he were ^ Narrar' 
ganset, he Was neither. 

t Before this, on the 14, a scout under Sergieant Senn^ till^ 
cd two and took four prisoners. The rest of the sant^ compa-' 
ny, in ran^ng the country, came upon a town, burned 150 
wigwamsj killed 7 of the enemy ancf brought in eight priso- 
^ ners. On the 15, some Indians came under the pretence of 
making peace, and on their return killed several of the Eng- 
lish, who were ♦ cattered on their own business. Captam' 
Moscly, while escorting Maj. Appleton's men to quarters, 
was fired upon by 20 or 80 of the enemy from behind a stone 
wall, but wer^ immediately dispersed, leaving one dead. On 
the 16, they received the news that Jerry Bull's garrison at 
Pcttyquamscot, was burned, and 15 persons killed. On the 
18, the Connecticut forces arrived, who on their way had 
taken and killed U of the enemy. The united forces now set 
out, Dec. 19, for the headquarters of the enemy. The wea^ 
ther was severely cold and much «uq\« w.^wwNJa.'t. \^wi^^^ 
Thejr arrived uj)on the borders ot Wxfc ss^-^sk^ ^"Qi»^^ ^a»s^ 
e^oiogk. Hubbard, 12S to \%^. 



6i PHILIP'S WaiI* 

. began. But being impatient of being out of thd 
heat of the actibn, importunately bagged leave of the 
General, that he tni^t run down to the assistance of 
fais friends. Th(i Uenefal yielded to his jequestj 
provided he could Ifallv some hands to go with him^ 
Thirty men immediately drew out and followed him- 
They entered the swamp, and passed over the log, i 
that was the passage into the fort, where they 8a\V 
many men and several valiant Captains -lie slain.* 
Mr. Church spying Captain Gardner of Salem, 
amidst the wigwams in tlie cast end of the fort, made 
towards him; but on a sudden, while they were 
looking each other in the face, Captain Gardnei*,set-. 
tied dow^n. Mr. Church stepped to him, and seeing 
the blood run down his cheek lifted up his cap, and 
calling him by his name, he looked Up in his face 
but spake not a word; being mortally shot through 
the head. And observing bis Wound, Mr. Chtirch 
found the ball entered his head on the side that waU 
next the upland, where tliQ Enfflish entered the 
swamp. Up^ft Which, having ordered some care ta ^ 
be taken of the Captain, he despatched information 
to the General, tha;t the best and forwardest of hia 
nrmy, that hazarded their live* to enter the fort upoxi 
the muzzles of tiio enemy's guns, Were shot in tneir 
backs, and killed by them tliat lay behind. Mn 
Church with his small company, hastened but of the 
fort (that the English were now possessed of) to get 
a shot at the Indians that wefe in the swamp, 
and kept firing upon them. lie soon met with a 
hroad and bloody track where the enemy had fled 
With their Wounded men. Following hard in thi 
track, he soon spied one of the enemy, who clapped 
his gun across his bfeast, made towards Mr. Church, 
and beckoned to him with his hand. Mr. Church 
immetliaiely commanded no man to hurt him, hop- 

* Six Captaias tVere killed. Captains Davenport, Gardi- 
ncr AndJohn^on of Ma«»achusctts ; Gallop, Siely and Mar« 
sAa/I of Connecticut No mention is madf^ \\«A. %uj ^^vc^m 
frere kUled belonging to Plymouth* > -V - ." ' 



'^ PHILIP'S WAR. t9 

ing by him to have gained some intelligence of the 
enemy, that might be of advantage. But it unhappi-' 
ly fell out, that a fellow that had lagged Jxjhind, 
coming up, shot down the Indian ; to Mr. Church's 
great grief and disappointment. But immediately 
they heard a great shout of the enemy> which seem- 
ed to be behind them or between them and the fort; 
and discovered them running from tree to tree to gain 
advantages of firing upon the English that were in 
tlic fort. Mr. Church's great difficulty now wajj, 
how to discover himself to his friends in the fort ; 
using several inventions, till at length he gained au 
opportunity to call to, and inforn\ed a Sergeant in 
the fort, that he was there and might be exposed to 
their shots, unless they observed it. By tliis time ho 
discovered a number of the enemy, almost within 
. ghot of him, making towards the fort. Mr. Church 
end his company were favoured by a heap of brush 
that was between then), and the enemy, and pre- 
vented their being discovered to them. Mr. Church 
had given hi* men their particular orders for firing 
upon the enemy. And as they were rising up to 
make their shot, the aforementioned Sergeant in the 
fort, called out to them, for God's sake not to fire, 
for he believed they were some of their friend In- 
dians. Th^y clapped down again, but were soon 
sensible of the Sergeant's mistake. The enemy got 
to the top of the tree, the body whereof the Sergeant 
stood upon, and th^re clapped dowij out of sight 
of the fort ; but all this while never discovered Mr. 
Church, who obs.ervp<J them to keep gathering unto 
that place until there seemed to be a formidable 
black heap of them. " Now brave boys," said Mr. 
Church to his men, "if we mind our hits we maf 
have a brave shot, and let our sign for firing on them^ 
be their rising to fire into the fort." It wbb not long 
- before the IiiSians rising up as one body, designing 
to pour ja volley into the fort, when our Church 
nimbly started up, and gave them such a round v^^ 



I* PHILIP'S WAR. 

ley, and unexpected clap on their backs, that they, 
who escaped with their lives, were so suriH^ised, that 
they scampered, they knew not whither themselves. 
About a dozen of them ran right over the log intc> 
the fort, and took into a sort of hovel tliat was built 
with poles, after the manner of a corn crib, Mr, 
Church's men having their cartridges fixed, were 
«oon ready to obey his orders, which were immedi- 
ately to charge and run [— ]* upon the hovel and over* 
jset it ; calling as he ran on, to some that were in the 
fort, to assist him in oversetting it. They no sooner 
eame to face the enemy's shelter, but Mr. Church 
discovered that one of them had found a hole to 
, 3oint his gun through right at him. But however 
'he] encouraged his company, and ran right on, till 
le was struck with three bullets ; one in his thigh, 
ivhich was near half cut off as it glanced on the 
jeint of his hip bone ; anotlier through the gather- 
ings of his broeciies and drawers with a small flesh 
wound ; a third pierced his pocket, and wounded a 

fair of mittens that he had borrowed of Captain 
rcntice ; being wrapped up together, had the mis- 
fortune of having many holes cut through them with 
one bullet. But however \\e made shift to keep on 
his legs, and nimbly discharged his gun at them that 
had woundipd him* Bpi^g disabled now to go a step, 
his men would have carried him off, but he forbid 
their touching of him, until they had perfected their 
project of oversetting the enemy's shelter ; bid them 
run, for now the Indians had no guns charged. 
While he was urging them to run on, the Indians be- 
gitn'to shpot arrows, and with one pierced through 
the arm of an Englishman that had hold of Mr 
Church's arm to support him. The English, in short, 
were discouraged and drew back. And by this 
time the English people in tlie fort had begun to set 
fire to tlie wigwams aud houses in the fort, which 
Ml. Church laboured hard to prevent* They told him 

... 4ottl 



ftliat] they liad orders . from the General to bum 
diem. He begged theni to forbear until he bad dis- 
<x)ursed with the General. And hastening to him, 
lie begged to spare the wigwams, &c., in the. fort 
from fire. {And J told him [that] the wigwams were 
jnusket proof; being all lined with baskets and tubs 
.of grain and other provisions, sufficient to supply 
^he whole army, until the spring of the year, and 
every wounded mail might have a good warm house 
to lodge in, who otherwise would necessarily peruh 
xvith the storms and cold ; and moreover that the 
army had no other provisions to trust unto or depend 
upon; that he Itnew that the Plymouth forces bad 
jnot so much as one [biscuit]* left, for he had seen 
their last dealt out, &,c.* The General . advising a 
few words -witii the gentlemen tiiat were about him 
jnoved towards the fort, designing to ride in himself, 
and bring in die whole army ; but just as lie was en- 
itering tlie swamp one of his Captains met him, and 
Askcd him, whither he was going ? He told him ''In- 
to the fort." The Captaiii laid hold of his horse,, 
. .tmd told him, [that] hk lif^ was worth an hundred of 
theirs, and {that] he should not expose himself. The^ 
•General told him, tliat, he supposed the brunt wa» ^, 
«over, and that Mr. Church had informed kim thai^ 
the fort was taken, &:.c. ; and as the case was cir- . 
'Cumstanced, he was of tlie mind, that it was nio^' 
practicable for him and his ariny to shelter them- ' 
selves in the fort. The Captain in a great heat re- 
plied, tiiat Church lied; and told the General, thatj 
if he moved another step, towards the fort he would 
shoot his horse under him. Tiicn [bristled]* up. 
i.[bi^kakc} 2 [brusled] 

— ■ ■■■■■■—■■ ■ ■ I I ■>■ — _- _■■,. — I .. ■ — — ^^ ■ !■■ ■ ■■■ ■■ -m — ■ ■ I ■■ ■ I ■ ■ ^ ■■■ M l,> ^ 

• Thns the he^oiek Church discovered nqt only great 
bravery" in battle, but judgraent and forethought. Had hit 
adrice been taken, no doubt many lives would have been 
saved. It may be remarked, t!iat notwithstanding Mr. 
Church so distinguished him^Hf in this fight, his name is n<|lt 
mentioned by our chief historians. 

■■■ ■ 6 ^ 



<i PHILIP'S WAS. 

mnother gentleman, a certain Doctor,* and opposed 
Mr. Cliurch's advice, and said, [that] if it were com- 

Elied with, it would Icill more men Uian the enemy 
ad killed. " For (said he) by tomorrow the wound- 
i^d men will be so stiff, that there will be no moving 
•f them.'* And looking upon Mr. Church, and sec 
ing the blood flow apace from his wounds, told him, 
that if he gave such advice as tliat was, he should 
bleed to death like a dog, before they would endea- 
irour to stanch his blood. Though after they had 
prevailed against his advice they were sufficiently 
kind to hinu And burning up all the houses and 
provisions iij the fort, the anny returned the same 
night in the storm and cold. And I suppose that 
4Bverv one who is acquainted with that night's march, 
deeply laments the miseries that attended them; 
•especiully the wounded and dying men.f But it 
inercifulfy came to pass tJiat Captain Andrew Bel-». 
eherj arrived at Mr. Smitli's that very night from 
Boston with a vessel laden with provisions for the 
army, which must otherwise have perished for want. 
Some of the enemy that were then in the fort have 
since informed us that, near a third of the Indians 

belonging to all the Narraganset coiftitry,' were kill-» 

^ ■■' . ^~. ■ ' — 1 

* I have not been a^le to learn the name of the bcforemen* 
tioned Captain nor Doctor. Perhaps it is as well if their 
iiemorleg De hiiried in oblivion, Trumbull says that, they 
tad the best surgeons which the country could produce. 
Hist. Con, J, 840, In anoljier plajce, f, 840, Mr. Gerfhom 
i9iilkley, be says, *' was vir>ved one of the greatest physicians , 
and surgecns then in Connecticut." 

t What rendered tl\eir situation more intolerable, wa5^ 
beside the severity of the cold, a tremendous storm filled (he 
fftmosplicre with snow ; through which they had 18 miles to 
march before they si^rrived at their hes^dQuartcrs, See Ifistr 
Connecticut, I, 340, 

f The Alther of Govcrnour Belcher, He lived at C&m-< 
Ifridge, and ivas one of bis Majesty's council, No one lyas mora ' 
respected for integrity, and it is truly said, that he was " an 
orn&meiit and blessing to hi^ QouuirvJ* IJo died Octob<» 



ed by the lEnglish, and by the cold of thflt night;* 
that they fled out of their fort so linstily, that thejr 
carried nothing with them, that if the English had 
kept in the fort, the Indians would certainly hate- 
been necessitated, either to surrender themselves tOk 
them, or to have perished by hunger, and the 8e?e« 
rity of the se^on.f 

Some time after this toit fight, a certain Sogkoi}* 
ate Indian, hearing Mr. Church relate the manner 
of his being wounded, told him, [that] he did noC 
know but he himself was the Indian that wounded 
him, for tliat he was one of that company of Indian* 
that Mr. Church raode a shot upon, when they were 
lising to make a shot into the fort. They were in 
number about sixty or seventy that just then came 
down from Pumham's towrtj and never before thett 

fired 'k ^im against the English. That when Mr« 

• - ■ ■ ■ ■ - . .— 

* Mr. Hubbard, 185, mentions, that one Potock, a^edt 
jMmiisellor amons them, confessed on bfeing taken, that tfae 
Indians fost VdO Sghtitg meji, besides 300, who died of their 
wounds. Many old pei^OQi?! children and wouu4ed, q^ 
•ilpubt perished. in the flames. But letters from the army^ at the 
time, may be se^n in Hutchinson, T, ^2, 2'/3, in which the 
enemy's *loBS is not so highly rated. They compare better 
with the account giren by our author in the hext note. 

t (The swamp fi^t happened on December 19,* 1675, in 

Which about 50 English were killed in the action, and died 

<»f their wounds ; and about 300 or 330 Indians, men, women 

and children Were killed,^ and as raany^'more captivated. f jfit 

is said 500 wigwams were burned with the fort, and 300 

more in other parts of Narraganset. The place of the foit 

- was an elevated ground, or piece of upland, of, perhaps, 3 or 

^ 4 acres, in the middle of a hideous swamp, aooiit 7 mileft 

•. nearly due west from Narraganset, south ferry.}) 

} What is now Warwick. See note % page 56, jf 

^ Tho old 6opj(^i\M history, firom Kvhich I print this, giv6s Ihh dalv, 
Dec. SOylkut it must be a rinisprint. 

t P«rha{n later writers are more tomct with regard t6 ^ loss f>f ^ 
CngHch, than our author. It is said fhat there were i^to 80 slain, anl 
150 wounded, who aflcrwsfds recovered. Hist. CoA. 1, 84D« 

X The swamp wh<rc this battle was fenyht if in lUfMiikiiigilmh 
MhuI, aitmtod If mcaUoned abo?e. ' 



r 

I 



CIiUFch fired apoB them he killed fourteen dead upon' 
the spot, and wounded a greater number than he 
killeid* Many of which died afterwards of theii^ 
womubi ^o, the cold and storm [of] the following: 
night. 

Mr. Church was moved with other wiounded men; 
over to Rhodeisland^ where in about tfiree months^ 
time,, lie was in some good measure recovered of 
kis wounds, and tlie fever that attended them ; and 
then went oyer to the CTeneral* to take his leave oF 
him, with a,^design to vetunr hofne.f But the Gene* 

• ^rencral'Wlnslow, with the Plymouth and Massachusetts 
fiirces, remained in the Narragansct country most of the 
winter,, and- performed coDBiderahle against the enemy, 
^he Connecticut men under Major Treat, being much eat 
to pieces, returned home. 

t While pur hero is getting bet^r of Ris wounds we vriW 
iakc 9t short view of what is transacting abroad. * . 

The enemy, toward the end of January, left their country 
amd moved off to the Nipmucks. A party, ia their way,- 
drove off 15 horses, 50 cattle and 200 sheep, from one of the 
inhabitants of W^wick* Un the 10 Feb.r several Iwudreds-^ 
•f them, fell upon Lanca$ter; plundered and burned a great ' 
part of the town, and killed or captivated for(y persons*. 
(Philip commanded in this attack, it was supposed.) Feb.. 
SI, nearly half of the town of Medfi^ld was burned, and oni 
ttic 25, seven or eight buildings were also burned at Wey- 
atKmth. March IS, Grotpn was all destroyed excepting four 
gu^ison* houses. On the 17, Warwick had every house burnetf 
fvwe one. On the 26, Marlborough was nearly all destroyed, 
and the inhabitants deserted it. The same day Capt. Pierce 
of Scittiate with fifty English and twenty fricndl^r Indians, 
was cut off with most of Bis men. (For the particulars of 
this affaii^ see note ftwrther onward.) On the 28, forty houses 
and thirty barns were burned at Reliobcrth : and the dajT 
following, about SO houses in Providence. The main body 
of the enemy vnas supposed now to be in the woods between* 
Brookfield and Marlborough, and Cpanecticut river. Capt. 
Dcni^bn of Connecticut with a few brave volunteers per*- 
fbrmed signal services. In the nrst of April he killed and took 
A4 pf the enemv, and before the end of the month 76 more 
were killed and takcn^ all without the loss of a man. In the 
beginniqg.of 4priltbeWamesit Indians did some mischief at 
CheJaisfordi, on Merrimack river, to which it appears the^^ 
^9d beea provoked^ Qn thell^tlie x^uwamTi^ VtfWkSA.^ «t; 



V 



PHILIP'S WAR. W^ 

raVs great importunity again persuaded him to ac* 
company him in a long march* into the Nipmuckf* 
country, though he had then tents in his wounda^ 
andso lame as not [to be] able to mount bis horso 
without two men's assistance. 

In this march, the first thing remarkable was, they 
came to an Indian town, where there were many wig* 
warns in sight, but an icy swamp, lying between them 
and the wigwams, prevented their running at once 
upon it as they intended. There was much firing upoii 
each side before they passed the swamp. But iit 
length the enemy all fled and a certain Mohegaa^ 
that was a firiend Indian, pursued and seized one of 
the enemy that had a small wound in his leg, and 
brought him before the General, where he was e!B* 
amined. Some were for torturing him to bring hiin 

^farlbprough were consumed. The next day, IS ADril, ther 
came furiously upon Sudbury. (Some iaccount of wnich will 
be given in an ensuing note.) Wear the end of April, Scitu- 
atc about 30 miles from Boston, on the bay, had 19 houses 
and barns burned. The inhabitants made a gallant resist-? 
ance and put the enemy to flight. May 8, they burned .17 
houses and barns at Bridge water, alanKe town about 30 miles 
south of Boston. Mather, Magnalia, ll, 497, says that, <' not 
an inhabitant was lost by th\s town during the war, neither 
young nor old ; that when their dwellings were ired at this 
time, God,, from heaven, fought for them with a storm of 
lightning, thunder and rain, whereby a great part of their 
houses were preserved." On the 11, the town of Plymauth 
had 16 houses and barns burned ; and two.days after 9 more. 
Middleborough, 88 miles from Boston, had its few remaining 
iK»uses burned the same day. 

These were the most distressing days that Newen^* 
land ever beheld. Town after town fell a sacrifice to thei^ 
fury. AU wa3 fear and consternation. Few there were^ 
who were not in mourning for some near kindred, and no-' 
thinff but horrour stared them in the face. But we are now to 
^e the affairs of Philip decline. 

* I cannot find as any other historian, has taken notice of 
this expedition of the comiftander in chief. It appears frottt 
what is above stated that it was in March, 1676. 

t (Country about Worcester^ Oxford* Graftoor Dudlef« 



% ■> 



A PHILIP'S war; 

Cb a jBore amp]^ eonfeseion of what he knew cda^ 
cerning hu couBtrymen. Mr. Church, verily believ- 
iBg [that] he had been inge9.uous in his confession, 
foterceded and prevailed for his escaping tortare« 
But the army being bound forward in their march, 
and the Indian's wound somewhat d«9enabfing him 
for travelling, it was concluded [that] he should be 
knocked on the head. Accordingly he was brought 
before a great fire, and the Mohegan that took him 
Was allowed, as he desired to be, his executioner. 
If r. Church taking no delight in the sport, framed 
an errand at some distance among Uie baggage 
bcH'sefl, and when he had ^ot ten rods, or thereabouts, 
fkom the lire, the exeeutioner fetphing a blow with 
d hatchet at the head of the prisoner, be being awaro 
of the blow, dodged his bead aside, and the execur* 
tioner missing his str<^e, the hatchet flew out of his 
band, and had like to have done execution where it 
was not designed. The prisoner upon his narrow 
escape broke from them that held him, and notwith- 
standing his wound, made use of his legs, and hap- 
pened to run rijght upon Mr. Churchy who laid hold 
on him, and a close seuflle they.had ; but ih^ Indian 
having no clothes on slipped from him and ran againg^ 
and Mr. Church pursued [him,P although being 
)ame there was no great odds in the race, until the 
Indian stumbled and fell, and [then] they closed 
again — scuffled and fought pretty smartly, until the 
Indian, by the advantage af his nakedness, slipped 
from his hold again, and set out cm hia third race, 
with Mr. Church close at bis heels, endeavouring to 
kky hold on the hair of his head, which was all the 
liold could be taken of him* A|)d runnmg through 
a swamp that was covered with hoUow ice, it made 
4M> lopd a noise that Mr. Church expected (but ia 
irain) that some of his English friends would follow 
ihe noise and come to hi^ assistance. But the In- 
fill bappel3K4 to run athwart a large tree tbi^t Itff 

t(^(Bdiaa] 



tSlLIP'S WAS, fi^ 

fiUlen near breast high, where he stoppea aiia cried 
out aloud for help. But Mr. Church being soon 
upon him again, the Indian seized liim fitst by the 
hair of his head, and endeavoured by twisting t* 
break bis neck. But though Mr. Church's wounda 
had soroewiiat wei^ceaed him, and the Indian a stout 
fellow, yet he held him in play and twisted the In-^ 
4ian's neek as well, and took the adva&tage of man; 
«pporliimties> while they hung by each other's hair,. 

fave him notorious bunts, in the face with his»head» 
ut in the heat of the scuffle they heard the icet 
break,, with somebody's coming apace to them, which 
when they heiard, Church concluded there was help^ 
for one or other of them, but was doubtful which of 
them must now receive the fatal stroke — anon some«>- 
body comes up to them, who proved to be the In*^ 
dian that had first taken the prisoner ; [smd] with* 
out speaking a word, he felt them out, (for it wa» 
io dark he could not distinguish them by sight, tha 
one being clothed and the other naked) be felt 
where Mr. Church's hands were fastened in the Ne-^ 
top's* h(ur and with one blow settled his hatchet in 
between them, and [thus] ended the strife. He then 
spoke to Mr. Churcii and hugged him in his arms» 
and thanked him abundantly for catching his prison- 
er. [He then]^ cut off the head of his victim and 
carried it to the Cl^np, and [after] giving an account 
to the re3t of the friend Indians in the camp how 
Mr. Church had seised bis prisoner, &c.> they all 
joined in a mighty shout. 

Proceeding in this march they had the success (4l 
killing many of the enemy ; until at length their 
provisions failing, they returned home. 

King Philipf (as was before hinted) was fled to a 

* Tho Netop Indians were a small tribe among the Sogk<K 
IMites. 

t It was supposed by maBj that Fhilip was at the gr«A 
rampfiglitatKarraganse^uiIknenbervia?^ Sf^Mg 



dt PHILIP'S WAJt. 

place called Scattacook. "* hrrvoon York and Albanf, 
\i^here the Moohagsf rna-le a (U^scont upon him and 
killed many of his men, whicli moved him from 

thence.J 

His next kennelling place was at the fall§ of Con- 
necticut river, where, sometime after Captain Tur- 
ner found him, [and] came upon him by night, kill« 
ed him a great many men. and frightened many more 
into the river, that were hurled down the falls and 
drowned. II 

. - I . . .1 r . ■ . I ., . ■ .. 

• It is above Albany, on the cast side of the north branch 
of the Hudi^sn, now called Hoosac river, about 15 miles from 
Albany. Smith wrote this word Scaghtahook. • History N, 
York, 307. -^ 

t (Mohawks.) 

This word according; to Roger Williams, is derived from 
the word moho, which signifies to eat. Or Mohawks si^nifi- 
ed cannibals or man eaters among the other tribes of Indians*, 
TrumbuU, U. States, I, 47. Hutchinson, I, 405. This tribe 
was situated along the Mohawk river, from whom it took itg 
name, and was one of the powerful Fivenations, who in 1713, 
were joined by the Tuskarora Indians, a large tribe from N. 
Carolina, and thence known by the name of the Sixna- 
tionf. Williamson, N. Caiolina, I, 203. Hon. De Witt 
Clinton, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 4S, says the Tuskaroras 
joined the other nations in 1712. 

j Philip despairing of e^erminating the English witli his 
Newengland Indians resorted to the Mohawks to persuade 
them to engage in his cause. Thev not being willing, he 
had recourse to a foul expedient. Mcietirtg with some Mo- 
kavvks in the woods, huntin^,jhc caused them to be murdered ; 
fttid then informed their friends, that the English had done 
it. But it 80 happened that pne^ which was left, for dead» 
revived and returned to his friends, and informed them of 
the truth. The Mohawks in just resentment fell upon him 
and killed many of his men. Adams, Hist. N. £ng. 125. 

6 ^Above Deerfield.) 

It nas been suggested, and it is thought very appropriate-* 
!y to call that cataract, where Capt. Turner destroyed the 
Indians, Turner's Falls. See Antiquarian Researches, 131. 

B Philip with a great company of his people had taken a 

etand at the fall in Connecticut river for the convenience of 

getting a. supply of fish, after the destruction of their proe 

ff^»w# gt tie gre^t swuap fight in l^atx^^^i^atX. ^kxas 



tHILlP»SWABU f9 

\j 
T^hilip got over the river, and on the back side or 

\Vetuset* hills, meets with all the remnants of th^ 
Narraganset and Nipmuckf Indians, that were there* 
gathered together, and became very numerous f^ 
iind [then] made their descent on Sudbury J and the 
adjacent parts of th(i country, where they met with/ 

. — .- 

— i — - ■ ■! ■■ ■■ ■■ . ■ . ■ M.^. I I, , ■ ■■ ■ ■■■ — ■ ,. ^^ . . . la I,*,. ,. , ,^l , .M^. . , — I . m — Wi IMfcil^^ 

{)risoners dofi«rted and brought news to Hadley, Hatfield 
and Northampton of the Indians' situation at the, falls. On 
ihe 18 May, 160 men under Capt. Turner arrired near tiicu^ 
f[uartcrs at day break. The enemy were in their wigwamaf 
iLsleep, and without guards. The English rushed upon thenv 
and fired as they rose from sleep, which* so terrified then^ 
that they fled in fcvery direction 5 crying out " Mohawks r 
Mohawks!" Some ran into, the river, some took canoes,* 
&ndin their fright forgot the paddles, and were precipitateu 
flown the dreadful fall and dashed, in piece?. Tne enemy i^ 
6uppqscd to have lo^st 300. The English having finished *th«* 
tvorK, began a retreat ; but the Indians, on recovering fron^ 
their terror fell iipon their rear, killed Capt. Turner and SS^ 
of his men. See American Annals, I, 430. Why is th^ 
ftame of Turiicrr riot found in our Biographical Dictionaries y 

* In the north.part of the present town of Princetc^tipt ijO^ 
Wo!:ccster coiirrty", acboitt 50 miles W. of Boston.- 5$r/ Wktl^ 
bard wrote this word Watchu '^t, and Dr. Morse, Wichusett^ 
and calls it a mountain. Sec Univ. (Jaz. But in this, as wclf 
as many other words^ the easiest \vay iathe best way ; hence' 
Wachiiset is to be preferred/ 

t (About Rutland.) , , . . , . , , 

It was just said that the Nlpmuok country was about Woi>-^ 
tester, Oxfard, SCc^ See note a on page 65. Nipmuck war 
a general name for alllndians beyond the Connecticut to-' 
ward Cana<iai 

J On the 27 March*, l6'?Cf, scftne persons of MarlbcH' 
tough joined others of Sudburyv and Went in search of the* 
enemv. They came upon nearly 800 of them before day a- 
sleepily their fires, and within half a niile of a ga^raoiv 
house. The English though but 40 in niTmber, vcntttftf^d to 
fire upon them; and before thdy could arouse a»d es- 
cape, they had severaV well directed fires, killing and 
wounding about SO. On 13 April, as has been befdre noted, 
they furiously fell upon Sudbury, burned several houses and 
barns and killed several penon?. Ten or 12 persons thatT 
came from Concord, 6 miles distant, to amst their frie'ndi, 
were drawn into an ambvu^h. a^ud ft)i killed w taken. Hulh' 
]fjl^d^ lS-3, 134, 



lOui swalibwed up [the] valiant Captain Wadsworth* 
tod his company ; and many bthef' doleful desolations 
in Ihos^ parts. The hewil whereof coming to Ply- 
faioutii, and they expecting J[that,] probably, the ene- 
tiiy Would soon return agaiii into their colony, the 
touncil bf war were called together, and Mr. Church 
%vas sent for to them ; being observed by . the whole 
colony tobd a person extraordjinarily qualified ibr,and 
Adapted to the affairs of war. It was proposed in coun- 
cil, tlij^t lest tlie eneriiy in their return, should fall oA 
Rehoboth, or some other of their out towns, a com- 
|>any colisisting of sixty or seventy nteii, should be 
isent into those parts, and [that] Mr. Church [be] in- 
Vited to take the command of thera. He told uieri> 
that if the enemy returned inio that colony again, they 

• Caph Samuel Wadswortb, father of president Wadft-* 
WdHh of Haryivd College. Capt. Wadsworth was sent from 
bostbii ^ith 50 men to relieve M arlborougb. After march- 
ing 9^ miles j^the^ i^ere informed that the enemy bad g[on.e 
lowdrd Slidbury ; so withottt stopping tp take any fe>t, they. 
bUrsii^d SLftcf thcni;'' On coming near the iol^H, 4 fttkrty o^ 
the enemy vr.ert discovered, and pursuetl about a.mile into} 
the woods, when 6n a sudden they were surrounded on all 
fcidesby 500 Indians, as was judged. No chaiice of escape 
appeared: This little band of braVe men noMr i-esolved to 
fignt to thfe list mani They gained aij eminence, which 
Ihey tfiaintftihed tor some time : at lengthy flight stpproach-* 
ing^ they b^gHtl to Matter, which gave the ^neaif the advan* 
lagej end tiearly eVery, one wassmin< l^his Wa^ a dreadful 
blow to ttie coufltrvt ft is riot certain tbat any ever escaped 
to relate th6 sad tale; President WiidsiVfitth dHeted ft monu* 
iuent i^iiird this battle wis fought wiUi thii iiis^tiption. 
. ** Captain Samuel Wadsworth of Milton^ ni^ liieutenant 
6harj;> of Brookline, Captain Broclebttnk of Rot^ley, with 
about Twenty Six* other souldicrs^ fighting foi* the defence 
^ of their country, were sliliii by tire Indian cncmjr April 18th* 
-1676, and lye buried in this place^" 

" This monument stilnds to the west of Sudbury catiseway| 
About one mile southward of the church in old Sudbury, and 
ftbo^t A qUlrt^r of & mile froni the great road, that leadu 
from Worcestef le Boston." Ilolmes, 1,4394 Sudbury ti 
iiJ)out32miI^fromBc>8totl^ ... 

*8upp99tdl9 H the immber efMHa/inaki^ 



foight reasonably expect that they wouI<i come yerj 
numerous, and if he should take the command of 
men he should not lie in any town or garrison 
with them, but would lie in the woods as the enemy 
did— and that to send out such small companies 
against such multitudes of the enemy that were now 
mustered together, would be but to deliver so many 
men into their hands, to be destroyed, as the worthy 
Captain Wadsworth and his company were. Hi» 
advice upon the whole was, that, if they sent out 
hny forces, to send no le^s than three hundred sol- 
diers.; and tiiat the other colonies should be asked 
to send out their quotay also ; adding, that, if they 
iii tended to m^ike an end of the war by subduing the 
enemy, they mu^^t make a business of the war as the 
eneoiy did ; and that for his own part, he had wholly 
laid aside all his own private business and concerns, 
ever since the war Jbrokc out.^ He told them that, 
If they would send fortli surh forces as he should 
direct fthem] to, he woujd go with them for six 
iveeks march, which was long enough for men to be 
Jtept in the woods at once ; and if thoy might be 
48ure of liberty to return in such a space, men would 
go out cheerfully; and be wouJd engage [tliat] ono 
hundred and fifty of the best soldiers should iiame- 
diately list, voluntarily, to go with hini, if they would 
please to add fiftv more ; and one hundred of the 
friend Indians. And with such an army, he made 
1^0 doubt, but he might do good service, but on other 
Icrms he' did not incline to be ponccrned, 
' Their reply was, that, they were already in debt, 
and so big an army would bring such a charge upon 
them, that they should never be able to pay. And 
as for sending out Indians, they thought it no ways 
advisable; and in short, none of bis advice practi- 
cable. 

* It win be discoverable in almost evety ^tep o^^^^.'^^T^ 
fc"hamefUlly Mr. Church was treated by i^oreiti^^^^ w« ia 
I u^ ^crvices^ . 



Now Mr. Church's consort, and his then onl j s6a 
were till jthis time* remaining at Duxbury; and hij 
fearing their safety there, (unless the war were more 
vigorously engaged in) resolved to move to Rhode* 
fsland, though it was much opposed, both by govorn- 
Jaaent and relations. But at length the Govornour, 
^jonsidering that he might be no less serviceable, by 
being on that side of the colony, gave his permit, 
and ^vlshed [thai] he had twenty niore as good men 
to sciid with him. 

Tijcn preparing for his removal he went with his 
^fim.'ill famdy to Plymouth to take leave of their 
friends, where they niol with liis v/ifo'» parents, who 
much persuaded thntshe might be kft at Mr. Clark's 
garrison, (which they supposed to bo a mighty saf<r 
place) or at least that she might be there-, until her 
«Qon cKpect<?d lying in was over ; (being near her 
lime.) Mr. Church no ways inclining to venture her 
jjany longer in.those parts, and no arguments prevail-^ 
jng withfiim, he resolutely set out for Taunton, and " 
Xntitiy of their friends accompanied thcrn. There 
they found Captain Peircef with a commanded 



/— 



* The beginning of March, 1676. 

t This ceKtleman hek>ngfed to ScituatCj-as is sern in note to 

J»a^e b*?. ? have learned no particulars of him, except what are 
urnished in the Indian wars. It appear.^ that he was now 
on his march, into the Narragan*et coufttry, havinpj heard 
that manr of the energy had coiWcted st Pawtuxetj a few , 
tniles to tf^e southward jof Proyidcnc«. He being a man of 
great con rage, and ^jUing to crgajre the enemy on any 
ground, was led into a fatal snar«. On crossing the Paw- 
tuxet river he found himself encirxjled by an overwhclminf; 
n.«mber. He retreated to the side of tfo. river to prevent 
l^ng surrounded j but this only alteraative failed: For the 
enemy cnosging the riyicr above, came upon their backs with 
the same d^.aaly effect as those in front. Thus they had to 
contend with triple nuvaVers, and a double disadvantage.- 
Means was found to despatch a messenger to Providence fof 
succour, btti through some unaccountable default in him, or 
thrju to whom .it was delivered, none arrived until too late. 
TJbfi scene wsi$ Iborrid bey<)nd descriptioii! Soma 9:*v th£i:jtll 
tbeEngiisb frercfilaio'rCtkerG^that 



PHBLIP»S WA». 7S 

party, who offered Mr. Church to send a relation of 
nis with some others to guard him to Rhodeisiand. 
But Mr. Church thanked him for Iris respectful offer, 
but for some good reasons refused to accept it. In 
^hort, they got safe to Captain John Almy's* house 
upon Rhodeisiand where they met with friends and 
;good entertainment. But by the way let me not 
forget this remarkable providence, viz., that within 
twentyfour hours, or thereabouts, after their arrival 
at Rhodeisiand, Mr. Clark's garrison, that Mr. Church 
was so much importuned to leave his wife and chil- 
dren at, was destroyed by the enemy.f 

Mr. Church being at present disabled from any 
particular seivice in the war, began to think of some 
other employ. But he no sooner took a tool to cut 

was effected as /oUows. A friendly Indian pursued him with 
an uplifted tomahawk, in the face of the enemy, who consid- 
ering bis fate certain, and that he was pursued by one of 
their own men, made no discovery of tne stratagem, and 
both escaped. Another friend Indian seeing that the battle 
was lost, blackened his face with powder and ran among the 
enemy, whom they took to be one of themselves, who also 
were painted black, then presenrily escaped into the woods. 
Another was pursued, who hid behind a rock, and his pursu- 
er lay secreted near to shoot him when he ventured out* 
But he behind the rock put his hat or cap upon a stick, and 
raising it up in sight, the other fu'ed upon it. He d^ppinr 
his stick ran upon him before he could reload his gun and 
shot him dead. See Hubbard^ Nar. 151, &c. It appears 
that Canonchet, a Narraganset chief, who afterwards fell 
into the hands of the brave Gapt. Denison commanded ia 
this battle. See Hist. Connect. 344. 

^ Bee note S on page 40. 

t On the 13 March Mr. Clark's house was assaulted by the 
f ndians, who after barbarously murdering 1 1 persons, belong- 
ing to two families, set it on fire. Mr. Hubbard, 155, says, that 
" The cruelty was the more remarkable, in that they had 
pften received much kindness from the said Clark." Philip 
is supposed to have conducted this affair. About the time 
that that chief fell, ^00 Indians delivered themselves prison- 
ers atPlytnouth, $ of whom were found to have been amons 
those who murdered Mr. Clark's family and were executed. 
Xhe rest were taken into favour. Ibid. 216. 



74 PHILIP'S WAR. 

II small stick, but he cut off the top of his fore fin- 
ger, and the next to it half off; upon which he 
smilingly said, that he thought he was out pf his 
way to leave the war, and resolved he would [go] ta 
war again. 

Accordingly his second son being bom on the 
12th of Mayj and his wife and son [likely]^ to do 
well, Mr.' Church embraces the opportunity of a pas-? 
sage in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [which]* land- 
ed him at Sogkonesset,* from whence he rode to 
Plymouth, ^nd arriyejd there the first Tuesday in 
JTune.f 

The General Court then sitting, welcomed him, 
and told him [that] they were glad to see him alive, 
lie replied, [that] he was as glad to see them alive ; 
fbr he had seen so many fires and smokes towards 
their side of the country, since he left them, that he 
could scarce eat or sleep with any comfort, for fear 
they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was 
stopped, and no news b^ passqd for a long time 
together, 

He gave them an account,! that the Indians had 
iKade horrid desplations at Providence, Warwick, 
Pawtuxet, and all over the Narraganset country ; 
imd that they prevailed 4^1y against the English on 
that side of the coimtry. fHe] told them [that] he 
longed to hear what methods they designed [to take] 
in the war. They told him [that] they were par- 

1 [Ukc] B [who] 



I- J 



* Known now by the name of Wood's hole. It is in the 
town of Falmouth, not far to the eastward of Sogkonate point. 
Donglass wrote this name Soconosset, and Hutchinson Suca- 
nesset. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom it 
took its name. 

t Namely the 8. 

i We should hot suppose that this was tho first intelligence 

that the pf^ople of Plymouth received of ihe destruction of 

tJiose places, as thfe visit was pearly 3 months after the deih 

truction of Warwick, Providence, &c.,and about 4 from the 

PHitiDg off of Capt Pierce j yet it mi|,\il be llk'i c^s«t. 



^fttli?'S WAS. '76 

ti<;tiiarly glad that providence had brought him there 
at that juncture ; for they had concluded the very 
next-4)Giy to send out an army of tivo hundred men ; 
two thirds English, and one third Indians ; in some 
measure agreeable to his former proposal — expect- 
ing Boston and Connecticut to join witli their 
quotas. 

In shorty it was so concluded, and that Mr. Churcli 
Ishould return to the island, and see what he could 
muster there, of those who had moved from Swan- 
£ey, Dartmouth, &c. ; so returned the same way 
fihat] he came. When he came to Sogkonesset, ho 
had a sham put upon him. about a boat [which] he 
had bought to go home in, and was forced to hire 
two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a canoe 
from Elizabeth's^ to Rhodeisland. 

It fell out, that as they were on their voyage pass- 
ing by Sogkonate point,f some of the enemy were 
vpon the rocks a fishing. He bid the Indians that 
managed the canoe, to paddle so near the rocks, as 
that he might call to those Indians ; [and] told them, 
that he had a great mind ever since the war broke 
'out to speak with some of the Sogkonate Indians, 
«md that they were their relations, and therefore they 
need not fear their huf ting of them. . And he add- 
ed, that, he had a mighty conceit, that if he could 
get a fair opportunity to discourse [with] them, that 
he could draw them off from Philip, for he kneiy 
[that] they never heartily loved him. The enemy 
hallooed, and made signs for the canoe to come to 
f them ; but when they approached them they skulked 
and hid in the clefts of the rocks. Then Mr. 
Church ordered the canoe to be paddled off a^ain, 
lest, if he came too near, they should fire upon nim. 
Then the Indians appearing again, beckoned and 

^ From Woods hole or Sogkonesset to this island is 1 mile. 

t A little north of this point is a small bay called Gharch's 
cove, and a small cape about 2 miles further north bears the 
namt of Church's point. 



76 PHILIP'S WAR. 

called in the Indian language, and bid tlieiiQ cotilir 
ashore, for they wanted to speak with [them.]* 
The Indians in the canoe answered tlienr again, but 
they on the rocks told them, tliat the surf made such 
a noise against the rocks, [diat] they could not hear 
any thing they said. Then Mr. Church by signs 
with his hands^ gave [them] tb understand, that he 
would have two of them go down upon the point of 
the beach. (A place where a man might see wJio 
was near him^ Accordingly two of them ran along 
the beach, and met him tfiere without their arms ; 
excepting, that one of them had a lismce in his hand. 
They urged Mr. Church to come ashore, for they 
had ^ great desire to have some dtseourse with him» 
lie told them, [that] if he, that had his weapon in 
hjis hand, would carry it up some distance upon ther 
]i)each^ and leave it, he would come ashore and dis* 
course [with] them. He did so, and Mr. Church went 
ashore, nauled up his canoe, ordered one of his In* 
dia|i» to stay by xt^ and the other to walk above on 
the beach, as a sentinel, to see that the coasts were 
clear. And when Mr. Church came up to the In*- 
dians, one of them happened to be honest George, 
one of the two that Awashonks formerly sent to call 
him to her dance, cmd was so careful to guard him 
back to his house a^ain. [This was] the fast Sogko^ 
nate Indian he spoke with before the war broke out. 
He spoke English very welt Mr. Church asked him 
where Awashonks was 9 [He said]* " In a swamp 
about three miles off.'^ Mir. Churcn asked him what 
it was [that] he wanted, that he hallooed and called 
him ashore 9 He smswered, that he took him for 
Church as soon as he heard his v<Mce in the canoe^ 
and that he was very glad to see him alive ; and he 
believed his mistress would be as glad to see him, 
and speak with him. He told him further, that he 
believed she was not fond of maintaining a war with 
the English, and that she had left Philip and did not 



PHILIP'S WAR. -*N 77 

intend to return to him any more. He was mighty 
earnest with Mr. Church to tiBury there white he 
would run and call her; but he told him ^ No, for 
iie did not know but the Endiahs would come down 
and kill him before he could get back again." He 
«aid that, if Mounthope, or Pocasset Indians could 
catch him, he believed they would knock him on the 
head; but all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well| 
and he believed none of them would hurt him. In 
short, Mr. Church refused, then, to tarry; but pro- 
mised that he would come over ag^ain and spedc with 
Awashonks, and some other Indians that he had a 
mind to talk with. 

Accordingly he [directed}^ him to notify Awa- 
shonks, her son Peter,* their chief Captain, and one 
Noinpeshf (an Indian that Mr. Ch*TOi had, former- 
ly, a particular respect for) to ii^ot him two days • 
aifter, at a rock at the lower er* of Captain Rich- 
mond's! fa:rm, which was a veX noted place. And 
if that day should prove ston*y> ox windy, they were 
to expect him the next meliorate day ; Mr. Church 
telling George, that he v^ould have him come with 
the persons mentioned, and nc more. They gave 
each other their hands upon it, {and] parted. 

. Mr. Church went h(Hne, an^ the next morning to 
Newport; and informed therfovernment of what had 
passed between him and t>^ Sc^konate Indians ; and 
desired their permit for Aim, and Daniel Wilcox^ (a 

1 (appointed] 

• Sec note 1, on page 67. 

t In another pltfce hisr nkme is spelt Nttmposh. He was 
Captain i^ the -Soglconate or Seconate Indians in <* the first 
expedition east" 

X This rock b near the water a little north of where they 
then were. 

$The fhtal 10 November, 1825, allows me onljto sajof 
this person that descendants in the fourth generation (I 
think) a^ ibund in Newbedford. See page ir, of mj pijl>' 
f»ce« 

I]* 



78 f HILIP'S WAIL 

man that well understood the Indian lailgusigo,) tp^ 
go over to them. They told him, that they thought 
he vros mad ; after sUch service as he bad done, and 
such dangers that he [had] escaped, now to throw 
away his life ; for the rogues would as certainly kill 
him as ever he went over. And utterly refused to 
grant his permit, or to be willing that he should ruiv 
5ke risk. 

Mr. Church told them, that it ever had been inr 
his thoughts, since the war broke out, that if he 
could discourse the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw 
them off from Philip, and employ them against him ;: 
but could not, tilt now, never have an opportunity to 
flpeak with any of them, and was. very loath to loso 
it, &c. At leiiqrth they told him, [that] if he would 
go, it should be Maly with the two Indians that came 
with him; but the^ would give him no permit under 
their hands. 

He took his leave cr them, resolving to prosecute 
his design. They tolajiim, they were sorry to sec 
him so resolute, nor if htwent did they ever expect 
to see his face again. 

lie bought a bottle of rum, and a small roll of 
tobacco, to carry vath him, and returned to his 
family. 

The next diay, bein^ the day appointed for tiki 
meeting, he prepared tvp n^ht canoes for the de- 
sigfi, and his own man witi. tSe two Indians for his 
company. He used such argeoients with his tender 
and now almost broken hearted wife, from the expe- 
rience of former preservatioii^, and the prospect of J 
the great service he might dd; (might it please God ] 
to succeed his design, &c.,) that he obtained her 
consent to his attempt. And committing her, the- 
babes, and himself to heavjen's- protection, he set. 
out. 

They had^ from the shore, about a league to pad*^ 
dn^. Drawing near the place, they saw the Indians 
jBitting 09 the bank, waiting for their coming.. Mr*. 



' ' .'• — PHILIP'S WAR. tfif 

Church sent one of his Indians ashore in one of the 
canoes to see whether they were the same Indians 
whom he had appointed to meet him, and no mose i 
And if so, to stay ashore and send George to fetch 
him. Accordingly George came and fetched Mr^ 
Church ashore, while the other canoe played off to 
see the eventy and to carry tidings, if die Indiana 
should prove falscv 

Mr. Church asked Georgie whether Awashonks 
and the other Indians [that] he appointed to meet 
him were there^ He answered [that] they were. 
He then asked him if there weriD no more than they» 
whom he appointed to be there 9 To which he 
would give no direct answer. However, he went 
ashore ; when he was no sooner landed, but Awa- 
shonks and .the rest that he had appointed to meet 
hun there, rose up and came down to meet him ; and 
each of them successively gave him their hands, and 
expressed themselves glad to see him, and gave him 
thanks for exposing himself to visit them>i They 
walked together about a gun shot from the water,, 
to a convenient place to sit down, where at once 
rose up a great body of Indiana, who had lain hid 
in the grass, (that was [as]| high as a man's waist) 
and gathered round them, till they had closed thenv 
in ; being all armed with guns, spears, hatchets, &.c.y 
with their hairs trimmed^ and faces painted^ in their 
warlike appearance.^ ^ 

It was doubtless somewhat surprising to our gen- 
tleman at first, but without any visible discovery of 
it, afler a small silent pause on each side, he spoke 
to Awashonks, and told her, that George had inform- 
ed him that she had a desire to see him, and dis- 
course about making peace with the English. She 
answered "Yes.'* "Then," said Mn Church, " it i» 
cust(Hnary when people meet to treat of peace, to» 
lay aside their arms, and not to appear in such hos-« 
tile form as your people do." [He] desired of her, 
that if they might talk about peace, which he desir^ 



86 PHILIP'S WAR. 

ed they might, her men might lay aside their armsr, 
and appear more treatable. Upon which there be- 
l^an a considerable noise and murmur among them 
m their own language, till Awashonks asked him 
what arms they should lay down, and where 9 He 
(perceiving the Indians looked very surly and much 
displeased^ replied, ''Only their guns at some small 
distance, for formality's soke," Upon which with one 
consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat 
down. 

Mr. Church pulled out his calabash^ and asked 
Awashonks whether she had lived so long at Wetu- 
set,* as to forget to drink occapeches ?f and drink- 
ing to her, he perceived that she watched him very 
diligently, to see (as he thought) whether he sw^al- 
lowed any of the rum. He offered her the shell, 
but she desired him to drink again first. He then 
told her, [that] there was no poison in it ; and pour- 
ing some into the palm -of his hand, sipped it up. 
And took the shell and drank to her again, and drank 
a good swig, whiqh indeed was no more than he 
needed. Then they all standing up, he said to 
Awashonks, " You wont drink for fear there should 
be poison in it," and then handed it to a little ill 
looking fellow, who catched it readily enough, and 
as greedily would have swallowed the liquor when he 
had it at his mouth. But Mr. Church catched him 
by the throat, and took it from him, asking him 
whether he intended to swallow shell and all ? and 
then handed it to Awashonks. She ventured to take 
a good hearty dram, and passed it among her atten- 
dwts. 

The shell being emptied, he pulled out his to- 
bacco; and having distributed it, they began to 
talk. 

Awasiionks demanded of him the reason, whf he 
had not (agreeable to his promise when she saw him 

* Waehnset See not^ 1, on p. 69. 
fCiuoaumlfhe^rd as though written okape, or qjcKo^* 



fdst) been down al Soekonafe before now 1 Saying, 
that probably if he had come then, according to his 
proniise, they bad fieyer joined with Philip against 
the English. 

- He told her [that] he wais pfevetfied by the WarV 
breaking out so suddenly ; and yet, he was after- 
wards coming down, and came as far as Pmikateesy 
where a great many Indians set upon him, and fought 
him' a whole afternoon, tliough he did not come pre- 
pared to fight, [and] had but nineteen men with him,* 
whose^ chief design was to gain an opportunity ta 
discourse some Sogkonate Indiana. Upon this there' 
at once arose a mighty mfirmur, confixsed noise and 
talk among the fierce looking creatures, and all ris« 
ing up in a hubbub. And a great sarly looking fel- 
low took up his tomhog, or wooden cutlass to kill 
Mr. Church, but some others prievented hinr. 

The interpreter asked Mr. Churcfr, if he under- 
stood what it was tliat the great fellow (they had 
hold of) said? He answered him*' No." "Why" 
said the interpreter, " he says [that] you killed his- 
brother at Punkatees, and theriefore tie thirsts fos 
your blood." Mr. Church bid the interpreter tell 
him that liis brother began first ; that if he had kept 
at Sogkonate, according to his desire and order, he 
should not have hurt him. 

Then the chief Captain commandetl silence; andl 
told them that they should talk no more about old 
things, (&c., and quelled the tumult, so that they sat 
down again, and began upon a discourse of maiking: 
peace with the English. Mr. Church asked them what 
proposals they would make, and on what terms they 
would break their league with Philip? Desiring 
lliem to make some proposals that^he might carry to 
his masters ; telling them that it w'as not in his pow- 
er to conclude a peace with them, but that ho kne\y 
that if their proposals were reasonable, the govern- 
ment would not be unreasonable ; and that he would 
use liis interest witli the government for theoi':, and. 



Bi PHILIP'S WAlt. 

to encourage them to proceed, put them in mind 
that the Pequots* once niade war with the English^ 
and that aller they subjected themselves to the Eng-^ 
lish, the English became their protectors, and de- 
tended them against other nationsf that would other- 
wise have destroyed them, &c. 

After s(MTae further discourse and debate! he brought 
Ihem at lengUi to consent, that if the government of 
rlymouth would firmlv engage to them, that they 
and all of them, aiid tfieir wives and children should 
liave their lives spared, and norie of them transport- 
fed out of the country, they would Subject themselves 
to them, and serve them, in what they were able. 

Then Mr. Chiirch told them, that he was welt 
isatisfied the government of Plymouth would readily 
concur with what they proposed^ and would sign 
their articles. Arid complimenting them upon it, 
how pleased he was with the thoughts of their re- 
turn, and of the former friendship that had beqn be-^ 
tween them, (fee. 

The chief Captain rose up, JLnd expressed the 
great value and respect he had for Mr. Church ; and 
bowitig to hitoj said, " Bir, if you will please to ac- 
cept of me atid my men, arid will head us, We will 
fight for you, and will help you to Philip's head be- 
fore the Indian corn be ripe." And When he had 
ended, they all expressed their consent to what he 
said, and told IVlr. Church [that] they loved him, 
and were willing to go with him, and fight for hini 
as long as the English had one enemy left in thd 
country* 

Mr. Church Slssiired them, that if they proved ftft 
good as their word, they should find him theirs, and 
their children's fast friend. And (by the way) the 
friendship is maintained between them to this day4 

• See a history of tliis war in ths Appendix, No. IV. 

t The Narragansets. See first note to Philip's war. 

1 1716, They consisted now, probably of no more thaa 
ffOO persons, • 



PHILIP'S WAR. 

Then he proposed unto them, that they should 

choose five men to go strait with him to Plymouth, 

They told him " No, they would not choose, but he 

should take which five he pleased." Some compli-» 

incnts passed about it, at length it was agreed, [that] 

they should choose three, and he two. Then he 

agreed that he would go back to the island that 

night, and would come to them the next morning, 

and go through the woods to Plpnbuth. But they 

afterwards objected, [for]^ his travelling through 

the woods would not be- safe for him ; [that] th^ 

enemy might meet with tliem and kill him, and then 

they should lose their friend and the whole design 

[would be] ruined beside. And therefore proposed 

that he* should come in an English vessel, <md they 

would meet him, and come on board at Sogkonato 

point, and sail from ihenc^ to Sandwich, which iq 

huQ was concluded upon. 

So Mr. Church promising* to come as soon as he 
could possibly obtain a vessel, and then they parted^ 

He returned to the island and was at great pains 
end charge to get a vessel ; but with unaccountable 
disappointments, sometimes by the falseness, and 
sometimes by the faintheartedness of men that he 
bargained with, and something by wind and weather, 
&c. : Until at length Mr. Anthony Low* put in to 
the harbour with a loaded vessel bound to the 
' westward, and being made acquainted with Mr, 
Church's case, told him, that he had so much kind^ 
ness for him, find was so pleased with the business 
he was engaged in, th^t be would run the venture of 
bis vessel and cargo to wait upon him. 

Accordingly, next morning they set sail with a 

wind that soon brought theai to Sogkonatc point. 

But coming there they met with a contrary wind, 

ax)d a great swelling sea. 

I [that] 
_ , j ^ ... ■ 

* After much search I can ascertain nothing of this per^n, 

The name is common in our country ^t\V\% Ja:j . 



84 PHILIP'S WAR. 

The Indians were there waiting upon the rocks, 
but l)ad nothing but a miserable broken canoe to 
get aboard in ; yet Peter Awashonks ventured off in 
it, and with a great deal of difficulty aod danger 
got aboard. And by this time it began to rain and 
plow exGeQ4ingly, and forced them up the sound ; 
jand then [they] went away through Bristol ferry, 
round the island to Jfewport, carrying Peter witii 
jthem. 

Then Mr. Church dismissed *Mr. Low, and toW 
iiim, that inasmuch as Providence opposed his going 
by water, and he expected that the aripy would be 
up in a ^w days, and probably^ if he should be gone 
.at that juncture, it might ruin the whole design ; [he] 
would therefore yipld his voyage. 

Then fie viTit the account of his transactions with 
]the Indians* and drew up the proposals, and articles 
of peace, and despatched Peter with them to Ply-* 
inotith, that his honour the Governour, if he saw 
cause, might sign them. 

Peter was sent over to Sogkonate on Lord's day* 
morning, with orders to take those men that wefQ 
/chosen to go down, or some of them, at least, with 
him. Th^ time being expired that was appointed 
for the English army to come, there was great look- 
ing for them. Mr. Church, on the Monday morning, 
(partly to divert biipself after his fatigue, and partly 
to lii^tefi for the army) rode out with his wife, and 
some of l|is friends to Portsmouth,! -under a pre- 
tence of cherrying ; but came hoine without any 
p^ws from the army. But by midnight, or sooner, 
he was roused with an expi'es9 from Major Bradford, 
who was arrived with the army at Pocasset, to whon^ 
he forthwith repaired,^ and informed him of the 

♦July 9. 

t The island of Rhodeisland is divided into 9 towns ; New- 
port in the south, Middletowui a|id Portsfuouth in the north. . 

j! July IL ^ 



IPHILIP'S WAR. S5 

^hole of his proceedings with the Sogkonate In-* 
<dians. 

With. the Major's consent and advice, he returned 
again nes^t morning to the island in order to go over 
that way to Awashonks, to inform her that the army 
was arrived, &c. 

Accordingly from Sachueeset neck* he went in a 

canoe to Sogkonate. [He] told her that Major 

Bradford was arrived at Pocasset with a great army, 

iwhom he had informed of all the proceedings with 

her ; that if she would be advised, and observe order, 

she nor her people need not to fear being hurt by^ 

-them; told her [that] she should call all her people 

•down into the neck, lest if they should be found 

stragghng about, mischief might light on them; that 

on M« morrow they would come down and receive 

>her and give her farllior orders. 

tShe promised to get as many of her people to- 
fgether as possibly she could ; desiring Mr. Church 
;to consider that it would be difficult for to get them 
•together at such short warning. 

Mr. Church returned to the island and to the army 
the same night. 

The next momingf the whole army matched to* 
wards Sogkonate, as far as Punkatees, and Mn 
Church with a few men went down to So£:konate to 
call Awashonks and her people, to come up to the 
English camp. As he was going down they met 
with a Pocasset Indian, who had killed a cow, and 

fot a quarter of her on his back, and her tongue in 
is pocket. [Hep gave them an account, that he 
came from Pocasset two days since in company with 
hia mother, and several other Indians, now hid in a 
swamp above Nonquid. J Disarming of him, he sent 
him by two men to Major Bradford, and proceeded 
________ ^ [who] 

* (The southeast corner of Rhodeisland.) 
t July 15. t (In Tiverton.) 

8 



S5 PHILIP'S WAR. 

Jay Sogkonate, They saw several Indians by the way 
skulking about but let them pass. 

Arriving at Awjashonks camp, [he] told her [that] 
he was come to invite I^er and her people up to Pun-r 
katees,?^ where Major Bradford now was with the 
Plymouth arn|y, expecting her and her subjects to 
receive orders, until further order could be had fron? 
the government. She complied, and soon sent out 
orders for such of her subjects as were not with her, 
immediately to come in. And by twelve o'clock of 
next day, she with n^ost of her number appeared 
before f;hj3 English camp at Punkatees. Mr. Churcl^ 
tendered [himself to] the Major to serve under his 
commission, provided the Indians might be accepted 
with him, to fight the enemy. The Major told him, 
[that] his orders were to improve him if he pleased, 
but as for the Indians he would not be concerned 
with them. And presently gave forth orders for 
Awashonks, and all her subjects, both men, women 
and children, to repair to Sandwich ;f and to be 
there upon peril, in six days. Awashonks and her 
chiefe gathered round Mr. Church, (where he was 
walked off fron^ the rest) [and] expressed themselves 
eoncernec} j;hat they coujd not be confided in, nop 
improved. He told them, [that] it was best to obey 
orders, and ^^i if he could not accompany them to 
Sandwich, it should not be above a week before he 
vould meet them tliere 5 that he was confident the 
Govemour would commistsion him to iippfove them. 

The Major lastejned to send them away with Jack 
Havens (an Indian who had n<ever been in the wars) 
in the front, with a flag of truce in his hand. 

* (Adjoining Fpgland ferry.) 

The geography of this place, with respect to extent and 
situation, has been given on page 40, note 1. 

f A town between Plymouth and Barnstable, on Cape Cod. 

If the Majoi^ were arbitrary in giving this order, he was lib- 

era) with the time, as the distance was not above 50 miles 

Z^/' fVHjr of PlymovLih, and perhaps uo moxe Iboiu 30 through 

/Ae woods. 



frHCLIP^S WA? B7 

Hicy t)eing gone, Mr. Church by the help of hitt 
faian Toby, (the Indian whom he had taken prisoner 
^s he was going down to Sogkonate) took said To- 
by's mother, and those that were with her, prisoners. 

Next morning the whole army moved back to Po* 
basset. This Toby informed them that there were 
a great many Indians gone down to Wepoiset* to 
eat clams ; (other provisions being very scarce with 
them) tfiat Philip himself was expected within tliree 
or four days at the same place. Being asked what 
Indians they were 9 he answered, " Some Weeta- 
morels Indians; some Mounthope Indians; son** 
Narraganset Indians ; and some other upland I. 
'dians; in all, about three hundred." 

The Rhodeisland boats, by the Major's order, 
meeting them at Pocasset, they were soon embarked. 
It being jiisl iii the d!l«k of the cwningj they COtild 
picunly discover the enemies' fires at the place the 
Indian directed to, and the army concluded no other, 
but [that] they were bound directly thither, until 
they came to the north end of the island and heard 
the word of comnland for the boats to bear away. 

Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable 
^opportunity of surprising that whole company of Inr 
dians embraced; but orders, it Wasi said must bd 
bbeyed, which were to go to Mounthope, and thqrd 
to fight Philip. 

This with some other good opportunities of doing 
iipoil upon the enemy, being Unhappily missed,f Mr. 
Church obtained the Major's consent to meet the 
Sogkonate Indians, accordmg to his promise. He was 
offered a guard to Plymouth, but chose to go with 
one man only, who was d good pilot. 

x«bout sunset,]; he, with Sabin<^ his pilot, mounted 

• In Swanzey. 

t The cause of this ill timed manoeuvre of the army must 
remain a mystery. J July 20. 

§ As this name does not occur any where else in this histo- 
ry, it is not probable that be served regularly iatlAl^'v^S^r 
city. 



38 FHILIP'SWaR. 

iheir horses at Rehoboth, where the army now Vf^^f 
and by two hours bv sun next morning, arrived safe 
at Plymouth*. Asa by that time they had refreshed 
themselves, the (ioveroour and Treasurer^ came to 
town. Mr. Church giave them a short account of the 
affairs of the army, &c. His honour was pleased to 
give him thanks for the good and great service he 
had done at Sogkonate ; [and] told him, [that] he 
: had confirmed all that he Had promised Awasiionks, 
■[ and had sent the Indian back a^ain that [had] 
;f brought his letter.f He asked his honour whether 
^ he had any thing later from Awashonks ? He told 
i bim. [that] he had not. Whereupon? he gave his 
- honour an account of the Major's orders relating to* 
her and hers, and what discourse had passed pro and 
CQn>f about them ; and that he had promised to meet 
them; and that he had encouraged them that he. 
thought he might obtaim of his honour a commission: 
to lead them forth to fight Philip. His honour smi- 
lingly told hiitif that he should not want commission 
if he- would accept it, nor yet good Englishmen^ 
enough to make up a good army» 

But in short he told his honour [that] the time had 

expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogko* 

, nates at Sandwich. The Governour asked him^ 

I when he would go 9 He told him, that afternoon by 

\ his honour's leave. The Governour asked him how 

many men he would have with. him? He answered, 

not above half a dozen; with an. order to take more 

at Sandwich, if he saw cause, and horses provided. 

He tio sooner moved.it, but had his number of men 

tendering to go with him^ among [whom]^ were Mr. 

1 [which] 



"-iK- 



• Mr. Sottthwortb.' 

t This letter contained an answer to the account of bi^ 
ipeeting Awashonks, before related, which was sent from the 
Inland by P^ter. 



FHJLIP>S WART 89 

Jabet HcwbDd,*and Nathaniel Southworth-f The? 
went to Sandwich that night, where Mr. ChDrch(wita 
need enough) took, a nap of sleep. The next morn- 
ing, with about sixteen or eighteen men, he proceed- 
ed as far as Agawom4 where th^y had great expec- 
tation of meeting the Indians, out met th^n not. 
His men being discouraged, about half of them re- 
turned. Only half a dozen stuck by him, and pro- 
mised so to do until they should meet with the In- 
dians. 

When they came to Sippican^ river, Mr.. How- 
land began to tire, upon which Mr. Church left him 
and two more, for a reserve, at the river; that if he 
should meet with enemies, and be forced back, thejr 
might be ready to assist them in getting over tho 
river. Proceeding in their march, they crossed 
another river, and opened a great bay, 11 where they 
might see many miles along shore, where were sands 
and flats ; and hearing a great noi&e below them, to- 
wards the sea, they dismounted their horses ; left 
them, and creeped among the bushes, until they 
came near the bank, and saw a vast company of In^ 

* Little more than the pages of this history Airnish, am I 
able to communicate of the worthy Rowland. More, bat 
for the fatal winds, or more fatal flames of Coortstreet might 
have been told. He was aison of the venerable John How* 
land of Carver's family, (whose name is the 18th to that 
memorable instrument, or first foundation of government in 
Newen^nd, which may be seen in Appendix, III, with the 
other signers.) As I am informed by my worthy friend, Mr. 
Isaac Rowland of Westport, who is also a descendant^ 

t This gentleman was with Mr. Church in his first and 
second expeditions to the eastward, as will be seen in those 
expeditions. I learn nothing more of him. 

i A small river in Rochester. Several plaees were known 
by this name. Our Plymouth fathers proposed to go to a 
ilace about twenty Ic^agues to the northward, known to theni 
y the name.of Agawam>'(now Ipswich.) Morton, 20.^ 

§ (Rochester.) 

II Bttszwd'abay. 

8*- 



I 



90 PHILIP'S WAR. 

diaiUL of all ages and sexes ; some on horsehacit 
nmning races; some at football ; some catching eels 
and flat fish in the water ; some clamming, 6lc. ^ 
but, vfticfk way, with safety, to find out what Indians 
Ifaey wm^ they were at a loss. 

But at lengtn, retiring into a thicket, Mr. Church* 
hallooed to them. They soon answered him, and a. 
couple of smart young fellows, well mounted, came 
upoa a fiill career to see whom it might be that call^ 
ed, and came just upon Mr. Church before they dis- 
covered him. But when they perceived themselves 
so near Englishmen, and armed, were much surpris- 
ed j and tacked short about to run as fast back aar 
thev came forward, until one of the men in the bushes 
caHed to them, and told them his name was Church, 
and [they] need not fear his hurting of them. Upoa 
which after a small pause, they turned about their 
hiMT^es, and came up to him. One of them that 
could speak English, Mr^ Church took, aside and ex- 
amined ; who informed him, that the Indians below 
were Awashonks and her company, and that Jack 
Havens was among them ; whom Mr. Church imme- 
diately sent for to come to him, and ordered the mes- 
senger to inform Awashonks tliat he was come to 
meet her^ Jack Havens soon came, and by thatr 
time Mr; Church had askedhim a few questions, and 
had been, satisfied by him, that it was Awashonks 
and her con^pany that were below, and that Jack had 
been kii^dly treated by Uiem, a company of Indians < 
all mounted on horseback, and well armed, ca^ie 
riding up to Mr, Church, buttreated^him with air 
due respects. He then Ordered Jack to go [and] 
t^ll Awashonks, that he designed to sup with her in. 
the evening, and to lodge in her camp that, night. 
Then ticking some of the Indians with hinrf he.w&nt: 
back to the river to take care of Mr. Howlknd:. 

Mr. Cliurcfa having a mind to try what mettle he^ 

was made of, imparted his notion to the Indians that 

pf'ere witl^ lum, and gave them directions how to act. 



- FHILIFS WAR. 91 

theiir parts. When he came pretty near the place^^ 
he and his Englishmen pretendedly fled, firing oit 
their retreat towards the Indians that pursued them» 
and they firing as fast after them. Mr. Howland 
being upon his guard, hearing the guns, and by and 
by seeing the motion both of the English and In- 
dians, concluded [that] his frienda were distressed,: 
and was soon on the fuH career on horseback to meet 
them ; [when]* he fperceivedp their laughing, [and]- 
mistrusted the trutn. 

As soon as Mr. Church had given him« the news^ 
they hastened away to Awashonks. Upon their ar- 
rival, they were immediately conducted to a shelter 
open.on one side whither Awashonks and her chiefs- 
soon came, and paid their respects ; and the multi- 
tudes gave shouts as made the heavens to ring. 

It being now about sunsetting, or near the dusk, 
of the evening, the Netops^ came running from alL 
quarters loaden with the tops of dry pines, and the^ 
like combustible matter, meikii^ a huge pile there- 
of, near Mr. Church's shelter, on the open side 
thereof. But by this time supper was brought inf. 
in thtee dishes; viz., a curious young bass in one- 
dish; eels and flat fish in a second; and shell fish, 
in a third. But neither bread nor salt tabe* seen at: 
table. But by that time siq>per was over;, the mighty 
pile of pine knots and topS) &e., was fired ; and all; 
the Indians, great and small, gathered in a ring; 
round it, Awashonks, with the oldest of her people»i 
men and women mixed, kneeling down> made the^ 
first ring next the fire ; and all tibe lusty stout meo^ 

1 [ointii]* 2 [perceiving]: 

^ I - II I I __..■- , ■■.■■■— — ^^.^.^ .. 1 — ^ . ^ — 

* This name is ased by our author, F suspect, in the same-, 
sense as other wMters use that of sannm. See Wintbrop'» 
Journal, sub anno Ij630^ and Hubbacd, Nar.. SO,. where it ap- 
pears to be an Indian word em^Idyed by the sachems as a& 
common, name for their men.. Tlie latter author spelt iti: 
sannap. Nipnet was a general name for all inland uidians: 
Ibetvreen the Massachusetts and Connecticut river. Ibid, Uk, 






M ^ ~ PHILIP'S WAR 

itanding ap, made the next, and then all the rabbla 
in a confused crew, surrounded, on the outside. 

Then the chief Captain stepped in between the 
rings and the fire, with a spear in one hand, and a 
hatchet in the other ; danced round the fire, and be* 
gan to fight with itf making mention of all the seve- 
Tal nations and companies of Indians in the coun- 
try, that were enemies to the English. And at 
naming of every particular tribe of Indians, he would 
draw out and fight a new firebrand; and at finishing 
his fight witfi each particular firebrand, wotild bow 
4o him, and thank him ; and when he had named all 
the several nations and tribes, and fought them all, 
he stuck^ down his spear and hatchet, and came out, 
and another stept in, and acted over the same dance, 
with more fury, if possible, than the first ; and when 
about half a dozen of their chiefs had thus acted tlieir 
parts, the Captain of the guard stept up to Mr. 
Church, and told him, [that] they were making sol- 
diers for him, and what they had been doing was all 
one [as] swearing of them. And having in that 
manner engaged all the stout lusty men, Awashonks 
and her chiefe came to Mr. Cliurch, and told him, 
that now they were all engaged to fight for the Eng- 
lish, and [that] he might call forth all, or any of 
them, at any time, as he saw occasion, to fight the 
enemy. And [then] presented him with a very fine 
firelock. 

Mr. Church accepts their offer, drew out a num- 
ber 6f them, and set out next morning before day 
for Plymouth, where they arrived the same day. 

The Govemouf being informed of it, came early 
to town* next morning jf and by that time, he had 
Englishmen enough to make a good company, when 
joined with Mr. Churches Indians, that ofiTered their 

* The Goveroonr resided at Marshfield a few miles north 
oC Flynumth* 



r 



PHILIP'S WAR. di 

♦ollitatary service, to go under his command in quest 
6f the enemy. The Govcrnour then gave him a 
commission which is as follovvs. 

" Captain Benjamin CnuRCxr, you ai^e hereby no- 
minate'dy ordered, commissioned, and empowered to' 
raise a company of volunteers of about two hundred- 
men, English and Indians ; the English not exceed-' 
ing the number of sixty, of which cora'paiiy, or so' 
many of them as yoti can obtain, or shall see cause at 
present to improve, you are to take tlie command^ 
conduct, and to lead them forth now and hereafter^ 
at such time, and unto such places within this colony, 
or elsewhere within the confederate colonies^ as you' 
shall think fit; to discovei*, pursue^ fightj surprise^, 
destroy, or subdue our Indian enemies, or any part 
or parties of them, that by the providence of God 
70U may meet with, or them, or any of th'em, by 
treaty and composition to receive to mercy, if you sccf 
reason, (provided they be not murderous rogues, or 
such as have been principal actors in those villaniesw)' 
And forasmuch as your company may be uncertain,-* 
and the persons often cham^d, you are also here-' 
by empowered with the advice of your conipany, to' 
cheof«e and commissionate a Lieutenant, and to es- 
tablish Sergeants, and Corjxirals as you see cause*- 
And you herein improving your best jttdgment and' 
discretion, and utmost ability, fiHthfully to serve the^ 
interest of God, his Majesty's interest, and the inter* 
est of the colony ; and carefully governing your said 
Company at home and abroad. Thdse shall be unto* 
you full and anfplc commission, Warrant and dis- 
charge. Given under the publick seal, this 24th day 
fif July, IG'ja, 

Per JOS. WINSLOW, Gavem&ury 

Receiving commission, he marched the same night 
into the woods, got to Middleboroiiglv* before day ; 

* About 15 miles from Plymouth. The fruitful waters itk 
this town and the pknty of game in its woods, caused it to 
be a priaciral residence for Indians. IMo^ix^ %a^^ <^\n.'^\Ssx^«^ 



U ItiiLip s War. 

and as soon as the light appeared, took mid tridf 
woods and Bwampy thickets, towards a place where 
tlioy had some rason to expect to nieoi witii a par- 
cel of Na'rraganset In&iahs, with some otliers that 
belonged to Mounthope. Coniing near io wh^rcf 
they expected thenl, Captain Church's Indian scout 
discovered the enemy ; dnd well observing tlieir fires^ 
and postures, returned with the intelligence to their 
Captain; who gave such direotiolis for the surround- 
ing of them, as had the desired effect ; surprising 
tliem from every side, so unexpectedly, that they 
tvere all taken, not so much as one escaped.* 

And upon a strict examination, they gave intelli- 
gence of another parcel of the enemy, at a place 
called Munponset pond.f Captain Church hastening 
^ith his prisoners through the woods to Plymouthy 

Chron. 191,) " thousands of men have Uvod here, who diedt 
■fef the gwmt plaeUfe, abotit 8 yCars before our arrival." It 
was samect to Massaseoit, and was first visited by the Eng- 
lish, 3 July, 1621. Mr. Edward Winslow, and Mr. Stephen 
Hopkins passed through there, on their way to visit Massas- 
feoit. Thej saw the bones of many that died of the plague^ 
%vhere their habitations had been. Ibid. Relicks of anti- 
quity are oXien found to this day. A j;entleman lately dig- 
ging to set posts for a front yfU*d, near tlie town house j discov-i- 
ered an Inaiaa sepulchre. It contained a ^eat quantity of 
beadj of different kinds, wiih many. other curiosities. A 
remnant of a tribe of Indians now lives on the northeost side 
of the great Assawomset. They have mixed with the blacks,^ 
and none remain of clear blood. The last that remained un- 
mixed, was a man who died a few years since, at the age, 
It was supposed, of 100 years. He went by the name of Cy- 
mon. What is knorwn of the troubles of tho inhabitants m 
this war is found scattered through Mr. Hubbard's Narra- 
tive, in Bachu^ Hist. Middleborough, and note 1, for page 
SI, of this work. 

* We have to rcgtet that oar author does not tell us the 
number which he took, and the place where he took them. 
But his indefinite moile of writing, may, in part, be account- 
ed for, by the consideration, that it is given after nearly forty 
years, mostly from reeollection ; especially this part of the 
history^ 

f Jl small pond in the north part of the present town of 



PHILIP'S WJflR. §5 

disposed of ihem all, excepting, only one, Jeffrey, 
who proving very ingenuous and faithful to him, irj 
informing where other parcels of Indians harboured, 
Captain Church, promised him, that if he continued- 
to be faithful to him, he 'should not be sold out of 
ihe country^ but should be his waiting man, to take 
care of his horse, 6lc, ; and accordingly he served 
him faithfully as long as he lived. 

But Captain Church was forthwith sent out again, 
and the terms for his encouragement being conclude 
/ed on, viz., that the country should find theni amr 
munition and provision, and have half the prisoners 
and arms [that] they took: The Captain and his 
English soldiers to have the other half of the prison-? 
ers and arms ; and the Indian soldiers the loose 
plunder. Poor encouragement ! But after some time 
it was mended. 

They soon captivated the Munponsets,* an4 
brought them in, not one escaping. 

This stroke he held several weeks, never returning 
empty handed. When he wanted intelligence oi 
their kenneling places, he would march to some 
plttce, likely to meet with some travellers or ramblers, 
and scattering his company, would lie close ; ani 
seldom lay ubove a day or two, at most, before some 
of them would fall into their hands ; whom he would 
compel to inform where their company were. And 
so by his method of secret and sudden surprises, 
took gre^t numbers of them prisoners. 

The government observing hi§ extraordinary 
courage and conduct, and the success from heavenf 

* A small tribe of Indians that resided near Munponset 
fK)iid. » 

t Whether Heavrni had any thing to do with making 
slaves of the Indians after they were made prisoners, may be 
doubted by scepticks, on tlie same principles that every feel- 
ing man now doubts of the justness of our southern breth- 
ren to make slaves of Negroe?. But lo\}£v^ t,wa\«v«Avi|^'^^ 
fiUT hero he it spoken, that bis voVce v«a& ^X-^v^* w^^^ «^-» 



96 PHILIP^S WAR. 

nddcd to it, saw cause to enlarge his commission ; 
gave him power to raise and dismiss his forces, as he 
'should see occasion ; to coramissionate officers unr 
der him, and to march as far as he should see cause, 
within the limits of the three united colonies ; to rer 
ceive to mercy, give quarter, or not ; excepting some 
particular and noted murderers, viz., Philip, and all 
4hat were at the destroying of Mr. Clark's garrison^ 
■axkd some few others. 

Major Bradford beipg now nt Taunton with his 
;anny, and wanting provisions, some carts were or^ 
dered from Plymouth for their supply, and Captain 
Church to guard them. But he obtaining other 
guards for the carts, as far as Middleborough, ran 
J)efore with a small icompany, hoping to meet with 
some of the enemy ; appointing the carts and their 
guards to meet with them at Nemascul,* about an 
riour after sun's risii^g, next morning. 

He arrived there about the breaking of the day- 
light, and discovered a company of the enemy ; but 
Jiis time was too short to wait for gaining advantage, 
and therefore ran right in upon them, surprised and 
captivated about sixteen of them, who upon exami- 
nation, informed that Tispaquinf a very famous Cap- 

. 1——.: , 

slaving mankind. IVhat greater proof can we have of his 
humanity , eonsi4ering the age in which he lived f Seepage 
52, and note 1. • 

. * TNear Raynham.) 

Tnat part of Mididlehorough along the river of that name. 
This name like many others was written differently by the 
early contemporarv writer's. It is generally spelt Namasket ; 
but more properly iNemastet. Holmes, I, 211, from 1 Mass, 
Hist. Coll. Iil,448, says, it was that part of Middleborough, " 
which the English first planted. Hutchinson, I, 262, says, 
that Philip sometimes resided here. See note 1^ on page 93. . 
Savage, in Winthrop, 1, 66, says, 'f This name belonged to 

})art of the tract now included in Middleborough ; but the 
ines of Indian geography were probably not very precise, or 
are forgotten." 

tHe was sttthe destroying of Mr. Clark's house at Ply- 
mouth. Alter his wife and chWd wetet^VLeTi \j^ CvjX^ya 
^^hurchj he came and delivered li\ca&e\£ u^ aX Y\sxctfsvjXVk> ^ ^ 



i^HILIP'S WAR. W 

ihciii amotig^ the enemy ifvuls at Assawompset* whh a 
mimerous company. 

Btit the carts must abw be guarded, and the op* 
jpbrtunity of visiting Tidpaquin must now be laid 
aside; 4!he carts are to be f^utfafiilly guarded, lest 
TisjfMtquin should attack them. 

Ooniing towards Taunton, Captain Church takine 
two men with hitn, BOtade all speed to the town. And 
cbqiing to the river side, he hallooed, and inquiring 
of theisi thuit came to the jiver, for Major Bradford 
or his Captdns. He was informed [that] they were 
in the town, at the tavern. He told them of Che 
carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of 
guarding them, which had already prevented his im- 
proving opportunities of doing service ; prayed^ 
therefore, that a guard might be sent over to receive 
the carts, that he might be .at liberty — refusing aS 
invitations and persuasions to go over to the tavern 
to visit the Major. He at length obtained a guard 
to receive tlie carts, by whom also he sent his prison* 
ers to be conveyed with the carts, to Plymouth ; di- 
recting them not to return by the way they came, 
but by Bridgewater. 

prisoner of war ; but was afterward barbarously nmrderedhy 
the government for bis cpnfidence in them, as will be seen in 
the progress of this history. 

To do justice in some degree, to the memory of the nu- 
merous race ofhuman beings, who have left this delightful 
iu>antrj to us, a biographical work should be written, contain- 
ing as much of the lives and actions as can now be found, of; 
. s^ch of those natives, whose names have come down to us. 
The author of these notes has taken some steps toward tha( 
/cnd, which would be freely contributed to assist an able hand 
in the undertaking. Should no other attempt it« some year^ 
to come may produce it from his pen, 

» Hn Middleborough.) 

This word again occurs in the course of a few paragrapIiA 
and is there sp^t right. ^ It must have been inattention tnat 
4^aused the dinerence in its orthography, as well as in many 
others. The country around the ponds bore the name of 
Assawomset. See note 4, on pa^e il. lw5a»i«Wk'w&M«^^^ 
^e it sometimes spelt as aboxe« 

ft 



98 'PHILIP'S WAR. 

Hastening back, he proposed to camp that nighl 
at Assawoihset neck*^ But as sooa as they. c^mQ 
to- ^e river that runs into th^ great poiul,t through 
jihe -thick 3wainp at the entering of the neck, the 
^nemy fired upon them, hut hurt not a man. C^p^ 
tain Church's Indians ran right into the swamp, and 
fired upon them, but it being in the dusk of the eve-t 
ning, the enemy made tlieir escapq iu' the thickets. .^ 

The Captain then moving about a n^ile into tb^ 
Beck, took the advants^ge of a small valley to i^ed 
his horsey. Some held the horses by the bridleas:the 
rest on the ground,' looked sharp out for the enemy,i 
[who were] within hearing on every side, and some 
very near, ' But in the dead of the night the enany 
being 6ut of hearing, or still, Captain Church moved 
out of the neqk (not the same way he came in, lest 
he should be ambuscaded) towards Cashnet,| where 
all the hpuses were burnt. And crossing Cushnet 
river,^ being extremely fatigued with two nights' 
and one day's ramble without rest or sleep. And ob-s 
serving good forage for their horses, the Captain 
concluded upon baiting, and taking a nap. Setting 
$ix men to watch the passage of the river; two to 

* A short distance below or to the south of Sampson's Tav-r 
em, The "thick swamp," n^xt mentioned, remains to this 
time, 

t The Assawomset. 

± (In Dartmouth.) 

Newbedford has been since taken from Dartmouth. The 
part where Newbedford now is was meant. 

§ The river on which Newbedford stands is called Cush^ 
net. Dr. Douglass wrote this word Accushnot. Summary, 
I, 403. And I think, that if we write Aponaganset, we 
should also write Accushnot, or rather Acushnet. But he 
wrote Polycanset. Ibid; See note S, on page 51, of this 
history. The most ancient way of writing those names, in 
general, is to be preferred ; for it is the most direct road to 
uniformity, and consistency. Two very desirable and agree- 
able attendants to be met with in lan^age j yet, the writer 
pf these notes is very sensible of his failures in thes^ as weR 
,i^s other respe<?t6. 



Watch at a time, while the others slept, and so to 
take tiieir turns, while the rest of the company went 
into a thicket to sleep under a guard of two senti* 
nels mc^e. But the whole company being very 
drowsy, soon forgot their danger, and were flat 
asleep, sentinels and all. The Captain first awaketi 
looks up, and judges he had slept rour hours ; which 
being longer than he designed, immediately rouset 
his company, and sends away a file to see what was 
become of the watch, at the passage of the river ; 
but they no sooner opened the river in dight, but 
they discovered a company of the enemy viewinff "^ 
dieir tracks, where they came into the neck. Ca - 
tain Church, and those with him, soon disperst 
into the brush, on each side of the way, while the file 
sent, got undiscovered to the passage of the river, 
and found their watch all fast asleep. But these 
tidings thoroughly awakened the whole company. 

But the enemy giving them no present disturbance^ 
they examined their [knapsacks,]^ and taking a 
little refireshment, the Captain ordered one party to 
guard the horses, and the other to scout, who soon 
met with a track, and following of it, they were 
brought to a small c(»npany of Indians, who proved 
to be Littleeyes,* and feinily, and near relations^ 
who were of 8ogkonate, but had forsaken their 
countrymen, upon their making peace with the Eng* 
ksh. Some of Captain Church's Indians asked himi 
if he did not know this fellow ? [and] told him, 
'< This is the rogue that would have killed you at 
^ Awashonks' dance." And signified to him, that now 
he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But 
the Captain told them, [that] it was not English* 
men's fashion to seek revenge ; and that he should 
have the quarter the rest had. 

Moving to the river side, they found an old canoe, 
^* ^[snapsacks] i 

^*Seepage3d, 



» , •< 



KK> PHILIPS WAIt 

with which tde Captain ordered Littleeyes and bii# 
eompany to be carried over to an idand,* telling 
Irim, [that] he would Ieavl& bim on ^lat igland untH 
he returned. And lest the Engtish laibould iight aa 
tfeeni) andkillthem^heWottld'leanre his cousin Light-> 
ibotf (whom the English knew to.be their friend) to^ 
1m& his guard. littleey^a expressed himseif very^^ 
ibankftil to the Captain^ 

He leaving his orders with Lightfoot, returna tO' 
ifie river side, towards Ponqgansiett to Rusael's orch- 
jurd.| r^n] coming near the oichard they clapped 
into a tnicket,aad there lodged l&e rest of the night 
without any fire. And ttpon the morning lightV ap^ 
pearii^, moved towards the orchard; [and] discover- 
ed some of the enemy, who hod been there the day 
before, and had beat down all the apples, and carri- 
^ thenr away; discovered aba where they had^ 
lodged that night, and saw the ground, where the; 
^i their baskets, [was] bloody ; being, as they sop- 
posed, and as it was afterwards discovered, [-^]^ 
with the flesh of swine, dbc, which they haA killed- 
that day. They had Ifdn uikler the fences without 
tfiv fires, and seemed by tb^ marks [which] they left 
behind them, tor be very numefous; perceived also- 
by the dew on the grass^ (hat they had not been 
long gone, and therefore, moved apace in pursuit of 
them. 

Travelling three miles or more, they came into th» 

country road where the tracks parted. One parcel 

i[tobcJ 
^.1. ■ ■ — ■ " ,,., . .,. , , f 

I * What, I sosp^t, is now called Palmer's island. There I 
are others further out, which from their cBstance, it is tbought ; 
uxdikely that they went down so far. 

t Cousin to Littleeyes. He wiEis a valuable and faithful 
servant to Churchy aad is notorious fdr his exploits in tha 
es^tern wars. 

% This orchard stood just in rear of the old garriison before 
m^aliaoeiL See note 3, on page 50. The remains of whicb 
were to be seen within the a^ of soioe lecently living. 



PHILIP'S WAR. }0% 

tteered towards the west end of the gVeat cedar 
swamp, and the other to the east end. The Capta^ii 
halted, and told his Indian soldiers, that they h^ 
heard, as well as he, what some men had said at 
Plymouth, about them, (Slc. ; that now was a good 
opportunity for each party to prove themselve^r . 
. The track being divided, they should follow one and 
the English the other, being equal in number. Thcf 
Indians declined the motion, and were not willing to 
move any where without him; said, [that] they 
should Qot think themselves safe without him. But 
the Captain insisting upon it, they submitted. He 
gave the Indians their choice, to follow which trac)L 
they pieced. They replied, that they were light 
and able to travel, therefore, if he pleased, they 
would take the west track. And appointing the 
ruins of John Cook's house at Cushnet, for the place 
to meet at, each company set out briskly to try their 
fortunjBs. 

Captain Church, with his English soldiers, follow- 
ed the^r track until they came near entering a miry 
swamp, when the Captain heard a whistle in the 
rear ; (which was a note for a halt) looking behind 
him, he saw William Fobes* start out of the com- 

Eany, and made towards him, who hastened to meet 
im as fast as he could, Fobes told him [that] they 
had discovered abundance of Indians, and if he 
pleased to go a few steps back, he might see them 
himself. He did so, and saw them across the swamp; 
observing them, he perceived [that] they were gath- 
ering whortleberries, and they had no apprehensions 
of their be^ng so near them. The Captain supposed 
them to be chiefly women, and therefore calling one 
Mr. Dillano, who was acquainted with the ground, 
and the Indian language, and another named Mr. 

^ • Perhaps Forbes would have been the proper way of spel* 
ling this name. He went commissary YriltlvC\sfa&^>^^ak 
jtbird eastern expedition. 

9* 



fO* PHILIPS WART 

Bams.^ With these two men he takes right throagli 
the swamp, as fast as he could, and orders the rest 
to hasten alter them. 

Captain Church with Dillano and Barns, having 
good horses, spurred on and were soon amongst the 
thickest of the Indians, and out of sight of their own 
men. Among the enemy was an Indian woman, 
who with her husband had been driven off from 
Rhodeisland, notwithstanding they had a house upon 
Mr. Sanford's land, and had planted an orchard 
before the war; yet the inhabitants would not be 
satisfied, till they were sent off. Captain Church 
with his family, living then at the said Sanford's^ 
came acquainted with them, who thought it very 
hard to turn off such old quiet people. But in the 
end it proved a providence, and an advantage to him 
aind his family, as you may see afterwards. 

This Indian woman knew Captain Church, and ak 
toon as she knew him, held up both her hands, and 
came running towards them, crying aloud, " Church ! 
Church ! Church !" Captain Church bid her stop the 
lest of the Indians, and tell them, [that] the way 
to save their lives, was, not to run, but yield them- 
selves prisoners, and he would not kill them." So 
with her help, and Dillano's, who could call to them 
in their own language, many of them stopped and 
surrendered themselves, others scampering and cast- 
ing away their baskets, &c., betook themselves to 
Ae thickets ; but Captain Church being on horse- 
back, soon came up with them, and laid hold of a 
gun that was in the hand of one of the foremost of 
the company, pulled it from him, and told him ho 
must go back. And when he had turned them, he 
began to look about him to see where he was, and 
what was become of his company; hoping they 

1 [and] 

* - i ■ •' .,-■.., . ■ .11 ■ ■» ■ ». — 

^ Of thispereon as well as Dillano and Fobes, after consid- 
eni2>le/>aijisand search, I can tell nothing. The nam^ ariK 
coauDOB in the old cc^ny. 



-'if' 



PHILIPS WAR, t(fy 

Inigfat be all as well employed as himself. But he 
could find none but Dillano, who was very busy 
gathering up prisoners. The Captain drove his that 
he had stopped, to the rest ; inquiring of Dillano 
for their company, but could have no news of them ; 
||and]^ moving back,picked up now and then a sculk* 
mg prisoner by the way. 

When they came near the place where they first, 
started the Indians, they discovered their company^ 
standing in a body together, and had taken some few 
prisoners ; when they saw their Captain, they hasten- 
ed to meet him. They told him [that] they (bund 
it difficult getting through the swamp, and neither 
seeing nor hearing any thing of him, they concluded 

IthatJ the enemy had killed him, and were at a great 
oss what to do. 

Having brought their prisoners together, they 
found [that] they had taken and killed sixty-six of 
the enemy. Captain Church then ^ked the old 
squaw, what company they belonged unto? She said^ 
[that] they belonged part to Philip, and part to Qun-^ 
nappm^ and the Narraganset sachem ;f discovered ~ 

1 [but] 

*An old Queen among the Narragansets, says Hutch. 1, 269* 
Trum. I, S47, says that Magnus an old Narraganset Queen 
was killed S July. It is possible that both names meant the 
same person. She signed the* treaty in June, of which men* 
tion has been made. In Hutchinson, the .name is spelt 
Quaiapen, and in Hubbard, Quenoquin, and by a writer in 
N. H. Hist. Col. Ill, 108, Quannopin. But these names 
may not all mean the same person, as the author last cited, 
says, that Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of the minister of Lancas- 
ter, when taken was sold to Quannopin whose wife was a 
sister to Philip's wife. The same writer observes, on page 
141, that one of Quannopin's wives' names was Wittimore. 
She could not be the same that was drowned near Swanzey» 
for that was before Mrs. R. was taken. See note 3,. on 
page 27. 

t Who is meant by this Narra^nset sachem, it is difficiUt 
to determine. There were six Uvalt «Qfe%R.T&i^^ ^^^Nx^^fe^N^ 
June. C&nonchet, who vr^ u^e^ tot \a» ^^^bs&^ \»'^^^^«»%. 



104 ^BILIP'S Was. 

also upon her declaration, that both Philip and Qun- 
napin were about two miles off, in the great cedar 
swamp. He inquired of her what company they 
had with them. She answered, " Abundance of In- 
dians." The swamp, she said, was full of Indians 
from one end unto the other, that were settled there ;. 
[and] that there were near an hundred men, [who] 
came from the swamp with them, and left them upon 
that plain to gather whortleberries, and promised to 
call them as they came back out of Sconticut neck,* 
whither they went to kill cattle and horses for pro- 
visions for the company. 

She perceiving Captain Church move towards the 
Deck, told him, [that] if they went that way they 
would be killed. He asked her where about they 
crossed the river ? She pointed to the upper passing 

1)lace. Upon which Captain Church passed over so 
ow down, as he thought it not probable [that] they 
should meet with his track in their return, and has- 
tened towards the island, where he left Littleeye» 
witli Lightfoot. Finding a convenient place by the 
river side for securing his prisoners, Captain Church 
and Mr. Dillano went down to see what was become 
of Captain Lightfoot, and the prisoners left in his 
charge. 

Lightfoot seeing and knowing them, soon came 
over with his broken canoe, and informed them, that 

* — II I - — . - ^ - - - — - - — — - — — — — ■ — - - 

lisk> but^ it could not be he, because he was taken by the 
Connecticut volunteers the first week in April, 1676, accord- 
ing to Hubbard, 158, and it was now July ; Canonicus, who 
was killed by the Mohawks in June : Mattatoag, of whom 
we hear nothing ; Ninigret, who did not Join with the rest 
in the war ; and Pumham, who was killed m the woo<ls near 
Dedham, about the last week in July, as before observed, 
and who it is possible this might be. He must have been a 
very old man, as I presume he is the scune who sold land to 
Mr. Samuel Gorton about 1643, and became dissatisfied and 
complained of him to the court. See Savage's Winthrop» 
II, 120. 

* The point of land o^[»08i|^e Nfewbedfotyd where the village 



!*iflLiP'S WAR. lA* 

)i^ had seen thdt day about one hundred :men of the^ 
enemy go down into Scohticut neck, and that they 
^ere now returning again. Upon which they thre0 
iFdn dovm immediately to a meadow where Lightfooi 
said [that] the Indians had passed^ wherein they nof 
only siw Ihieiir tracks, biit Also them. Whereupon 
they lay close, until the enemy came into the said 
meadow, and the foremost set down his load, and 
Jialtcd until all the company came up, and then took 
vip their lo^ds and marched again the game way that 
they came down into the neck, which Was th€ near-'' 
est way unto their camp. Had they gone the other 
wtiy, along the river, they could not have missed 
Captain Church's track, which would doubtless havq' 
exposed them to the loss of tlieir prisoners, if not of 
their live^. 

But as soon as the coast wa3 clear o^ them, thd 
Captain sends his Lighiibot tO fetch his prisoners! 
from the isl^uid, while he and Mr. Dillano returned 
to the company ; sent part of them to conduct Light- 
foot and his company to the aforesaid meadow, where 
Captain Ghurcli and his company met them. Cross- 
ing the enemy's track, they made all haste until they 
got over Mattapoiset river,* near about four mile^ 
beyond the ruins of Cook's house, where he appoint- 
ed to meet his Indian company, whither he sent Dil- 
lano with two more to meet them ; ordering them 
that if the Indians were not arrived to wait for them. 

Accordingly, finding no Iiidians there, they waited 
until late in the night, when they arrived with th^r 
booty. They despatched a post to their Captain, to 
give him an account of tlieir success, but tlie day 
broke before they came to him. And when they 
had compared successes, they very remarkably found 

that the number that each company had taken and 

■ I f iiii»i «p Jill «.»■■- 

• (In Rochester.) 

Quite a small stream, to the cast oC vi\\\t\:wS&^\!»fc -vf^^^^i^ 
this name, though now usudW^ ^xotkwxxvs,^^^'^^'*'^^'^^^ 
Dote S, OD i)2L^e 32. 



l06 iPHtLlP'S WAft. 

iiain was equal. The Indians had killed thre^ . of 
the enemy, and taken sixty^-three prisoners, as thd 
English had done before them. 

Both the English and Indians werq surprised at 
this remarkable providence, and were both parties 
rejoicing at it ; being, both before afraid of what 
might have been the unequal success of the partiesu 
But the Indians had the fortune to take more amu 
than the English. 

They told the Captain, that they had missed a 
brave op^rtuniW by parting ; [that] they came upon 
a great town of the enemy, viz., Captain Tyaeks'* 
tompany ; (Tyasks was the next man to Philip) that 
they fired upon the enemy before they were discover- 
ed, and ran upon them with a shout ; [and] the men 
ran and left their wives and children, and many of 
them their guns. They took Tyasks' wife and son, 
and thought, that if their Captain and the English 
Company hud been with them, they might have taken 
feome hundreds of them; and now they* determined 
not to part any more. 

That night, Philip sent (as afterwards they found 
Dut) a great army to waylay Captain Church at the 
entering on of Assawomset neck, expecting [that] be 
would have returned the same way [that] he went in ; 
but that was never his method to return the same way 
that he came ; and at this time going another way, 
he escaped falling into the hands of his enemies. 
The next day they went home by Scipican,f and got 
well with their prisoners to Plymouth. 

* In another place, Annawon is called the next man to 
Philip, or his cnief Captain. Hubbard sneXi his name 
Tiasna, and informs as tnat he surrendered nimself to the 
£nglisn in June ; but this could not be the case, as it was 
now near the end of July, if the Indians knew the company 
to be Tyasks'. Though nothing is said in the text that we 
might be positive that Tyasks was there, yet Hubbard saya 
that his '< wife and child" were taken first. Nar. 230. 

f A emaM river iu Rochester. Near its mouth is the little 
^rilJage of Scipic2LTk, 4 miles to U\c e^^tY?^r\ oC Ma.t.ta\}oiset. 



PHILIP'S WAIL *•! 

He soon went oat again, an4 this stroke he drove 
many weeks. And when he took any number of 
prisoners, he would pick out some that he took a 
fancy to, and would tell them,, [that] he took a par- 
ticular fancy to them, and had chosen them for him-^ 
^elf to make soldiers of; and if any would behave 
themselves well, he would do well by them, and they 
^should be his men, and not sold out of the country. 
If he perceived [that] they looked surly, and his In-, 
dian soldiers called them treacherous dogs, as some 
of them would sometimes do, all the notice he would 
take of it, would only be to clap them on the back, 
and tell them, ^^ Come, come, you look wild and surly, 
^nd mutter, but that signifies nothing ; these my best 
lK)ldiers, were, a little while ago, as wild and surly 
as you are now ; by that time you have been but one 
day along with me, you will love me too, and be as 
brisk as any of them." And it proved so; for there 
was none of them, but (after they had been a little 
while with him, and seen his behaviour, and how 
cheerful and successful his men were) would be as 
r^ady to pilot him to any place where the Indiana 
^elt or haunted, (though their own fathers, or near- 
eit relations should be among tli^m) or to fight. fop 
him, as any of his own men. 

Captain Church was, in two particulars, much ad-, 
▼antaged by the great English army* that was now 

♦ I cannot learn as this " great army" was in much actire 
scrvicie about this time. But the Connecticut. soldiers were 
very active. A party under Capt. Denisen took prisoner 
Canonchet, or Kanupttenoo, as he was last called, >*the 
chief sachem of aU the Narragansets," who had comedown 
from the Nipmuck eountry to ect seed corn to plant the de- 
serted settlements on Connecticut river. Cfinonehet was 
near Pautucket . river with a company of his men, and while 
secure in bis tent, and was relating over his exploits against 
the English, Denison oame upon him. He fled with all 
haste, but as he was crossing the river, a misstep brought 
his gun under water, anil retarded his progress, Oa«^ ^<v^ 
nopoide, a Pequot, being bwl&oi lo^\.^ ^^sfi^. ^^swssi .\K»d^^^^ 

JWiDf He aade no reslstaivce, V\iou<^Vkft 'fi^* %,«aw^ ^ V'^a^ 



106 raiLIP'S WAIL 

Abroad. One was» that tbey drove the enemy dowii 
to ttyat part of the country, viz., to the eastward of 
Taunton river, by wliich his business was nearer 
home. The other was, that when he fell on with a 
pusii upon any body of the enemy, (were they never 
60 many) they fled, expecting the great army. And 
his manner of marching through the woods was 
such, [tliat]* if he \yere discovered, thoy appeared 
tp be mor^ than they were ; for he always marched 
at a wide distance oiie from another, partly for their 
safety : And this was an Indian custom to marcl^ 
thin and scattefedr 

Captain Chqrcb inquired of some pf the Indians 
that were become his soldiers, how they got such 
advantage, often, of the English in their marches 
fhrough the woods'? They told him, that the In* 

strength. A young Englishman next came up, and asked 
him some (]uesiions, but he would make no answer. At 
lenffth, casting a look of neglect on his youthful face, said, in 
broken EngliMi, " You tiTo much child ; no understand ittt- 
ters of war — Let your Captain come ; him I will answy^ 
He would not accept of his hfe when offered him : and wtm 
told that he was to die, f;aid, " He liked it well ; that he 
ihould die before . his* heart was soft, or he had spoken any 
thing unworthy oi* himself." He was afterward shot at Sto- 
nin^on. And bv autumn, this with other volunteer com^ 
panies killed ami took SSO of the enemy, and 50 muskets; 
these exploits were continued until the Narragansets were 
iJl driven out of the country, except Ninicret. Trambiill» 
I, 343 to 345. The regular soldiers under Major Talcot 
marched into the Nipmuck's country, where at one time they 
killed and took 52 of the enemy. This was in the beginning 
qi June. On 13 June they came upon about' 700 In<o 
dians, who were furioudy besieging Hadley, whom they im* 
mediately dispersed. . Qn their return to the Narraganset 
country they came upon the maintK>dy of the enemy near a 
large cedar swamp, who mostly fled into it. Bliit being sur* 
rounded, 171 were killed and taken. Among them was 
Magnus, the old Queen of Narraganset. Near Providence 
they made priraners,-and killed 67 ; and soon after 60 more 
/m their return to Connecticut. Holmes, 1, 431 to 433. gee 
pote J, on page JOJ. 



PHILIP'S WAR. 109 

-dians gained great advantage of the English by two 
things ; [theyP always took care in their marches 
and fights, not to come too thick together; but the 
English always kept in a heap together ; [so] that it 
was as easy to hit them> as to hit a house. The other 
was, that if at any time they discovered a company 
<}€ English soldiers in the woods, th^y knew that 
there were all, for the English never scattered, but 
the Indians always divided and scattered. 

Captain Church [being] now at Plymouth, some- 
thing or other happened that kept* him at home a 
few days, until a post came to Marshfield on the 
Lord's* day morning, informing the Governour, that 
a great army of Indians were discovered, who it was 
supposed were designing to get over the river to- 
wards Taunton or Bridgewater,f to attack those 
towns that lay on that side [of] the river. The Go- 
vernour hastened to Plymouth, raised what men be 
could by the way, came to Plymouth in the begin- 
ning of the forenoon exercise, sent for Captain 
Church out of the meeting house, gave him the 
news, and desired him immediately to rally what df 
his company he could, and what men he had raised 
should join them. 

The Captain bestirs himself, but found no bread * 
in the store house, and so was forced to run frcHii 
liouse to house to get household bread for their 
march. But this nor anything else prevented his 
marching by the beginning of the afternoon exercise. 
Marching with what menf were ready, he took wiUi 
him the post that came from Bridgewater to pilot 
liim to the place where he thought ho might me6t 
with the enemy. ^ 

1 [the Indians] ' 

• July SO, 1676. / ' 

t This word in the text was givca uniformly with5)«^thc 

^rst e, / 

X He had « about 30 Englishmen and 20 recp^^iled In-? 

dianfi." Hubbard, Nar. 223. 



no PHILIP'S WAR. 

In the evening they heard a smart firing at a dis- 
tance firom them, but it being near night, and thp 
firing but of short continuance, they missed the 
place, and, went into Bridgewater town, It seems 
[that] the occasion of the firing was, that Philip, 
finding that Captain Church made that side of the 
country too hot for him, designed to return to the 
other side of the country that he came last from. 
And coming to Taunton river with his company, 
they felled a great tree across the river, for a bridge 
to pass over on. A«id just as Philip's old uncle, 
Akkompoin,* and some other of his chiefs were pass- 
ing over the tree, some brisk Bridgewater lads had 
ambushed them, fired upon them, and killed the old 
man, and several others, which put a stop to theif 

^ coming over the river that night.f 

Next morning,' Captain Church moved very early 
with his company, which was increased by many of 
Bridgewater, that enlisted under him for that expe- 
dition; and by their piloting, soon -came very still 
to the top of the great tree, which the enemy had 
fallen across the river, and the Captain spied an In-f? 
dian sitting on the stump of it on the other side of 
the river, and he clapped his gun up, and had doub^ 
less despatched him, but that one of his own Indians 
called hastily to him, not to fire, for he believed it 
jvas one of their own men. Upon which the Indian 
Upon the stump, looked about, and Captain Church's 
Indian seeing his face, perceived his inistake, for he 
knew him to be Philip ; clapped up his gun and 
fired, but it was too late ; for Philip immediately 

\ threw himself off" the stump, leaped down a bank on 
the other side of the river and made his escape. J 

* This might be a brother of Massassoit, but we hear of 
*one but Quadequinah. 

^Pubbard places the date of this action on the 31; but 

f^^^^ing to oup author it was on Sunday, and Sunday was 
%ne ou. 

m / ITe Aa^ not long before cut off \»s \vm lV\^t U xoxsAA not 



PHILIP'S WAir! Ill 

Captain Church, as soon as possible got over the 
tiver, and scattered in quest of Philip and his ccmi-* 
pany ; but the enemy scattered and fled every wayw 
[ — ^j 1 He picked up a considerable many of their 
\vomen and children, among which were Philip's 
wife and son ; [the son] ^ about nine years old. 
Discovering a considerable new track along the river, 
and examining the prisoners, found [that]" it was 
Qunnapin and the Narragansets, that were drawing 
off from those parts towards the Narraganset coun- 
try. He inquired of the prisoners, whether Philip 
was gone in the same track 9 They told him that 
khey did not know; for he fled in a great fright wher 
"the first English gun was fired, and [that] they ha« - 
none of them seen or heard any thing of him since. 

Captain Church left part of his company there to 
secure the prisoners [which] they got, and to pick 
up what more they could find, and with the rest of 
his company hastened in the track of the enemy to 
overtake them, if it might be before they got over the 
fiver ; and ran some miles along the river, until be 
came to a place where the Indians had waded over ; 
«nd he with his company waded over after them, up 
to the armpits ; being almost as wet before witn 
sweat as the river could make them. Following 
about a mile further, and not overtaking them, and 
the Captain being under [a] necessity to return that 
night to the army, came to a halt j told his company^ 
[that] he must return to his other men. His Indian 
soldiers moved for leave to pursue the enemy, 
(though he returned) ; [they] said [that] the Narra- 
gansets were great rogues, and [that] they wanted 
to be revenged on them for killing some of their 
relations ; named Tockamona, ( Awashonks' brother) 
and some others. Captain Church bade them go ana 

Erosper, and made Lightfoot their chief, and gave 
im the title of Captain. Bid them go and quit 
themselves like men. And away they scampered like 



I 



113 fHlLIFS WAK. 

Next morning* early they returned to their Cap- 
tain, and informed him that they had come up with^ 
the enemy, and killed several of them, and brought 
him thirteen of them prisoners. [They] were mighty 
proud of their exploit, and rejoic 3d much at the op- 
portunity of avenging.themselves.f Captain Church 
sent the prisoners to Bridgewater, and sent out his 
scouts td see what enemies or tracks they could 
[find.] Discovering some small tracks, he followed 
them, found where the enemy had kindled some fires, 
lUid roasted some flesh, &c., but had put out their 
fires and were gone. 

The Captain followed them by the track, putting 
his Indians in the froAt ; some of which were such 
as he had newly taken from the enemy, and added 
to his company. [He] gave them orders to march 
softly, and upon hearing a whistle in the rear, to sit- 
down, till further order ; or, upon discovery of any 
of the enemy, to stop ; for his design was, if he 
could discover where the enemy were, not to fall 
upon^diem (unless necessitated to it) until next raorn^ 
ing. The Indians in the front came up with many 
women and cbildreO) and others that were faint and 
tired, and so not able to keep up with the company. 
These gave them an account, that Philip with a 
great number of the enemy, was a little before. 

Ciaptain Church's Indians told the others, [thatj 
they were their prisoners, but if they would submit 
to order, and be still, no one should hurt them. 
They being their old acquaintance, were easily per- 
suaded to conform. A little before sunset there 
was a halt in the front, until the Captain came up. 
They told him [that] they discovered the enemy. 
He ordered them to dog them^ and watch their mo- 
tion till it was dark. But Philip soon came to a 
stop, and fell to breaking and chopping wood, to 

'^Augnalt Jst. 
, / Mr, Hubbard tftkes no notice ot tliiA ex^\ovt. 



PHILIP'S WAR. 113 

m^ke fires; and a great noise they made. Captain 
Church draws his company up in a ring, and sat 
down in the swamp without any noise or fire. 

The Indian prisoners were much surprised to see 
the English soldiers; but the Captain told them, 
[that] if they would be quiet, and not make any dis- 
turbance or noise, they should meet with civil treat- 
ment ; but if they made any disturbance, or offered 
to run, or make their escape, he would immediately 
kill them all ; so they were very submissive and ob- 
sequious. 

When the day broke, Captain Church told his pri- 
soners, that his expedition was such, at [that]^ time^ 
that he could not afford them any guard ; told them> 
[that] they would find it to be [to] their interest,^ 
to attend the orders he was now about to give 
them ; which were, that when the fight was over, 
which they now expected, or as soon as the firing 
ceased, they must follow the track of his company, 
and come to them. (An Indian is next to a blood 
hound to follow a track.) He said to them, it 
would be in vain for them to think of disobedience, 
or to gain any thing by it ; for he had taken and kill- 
ed a great many of the Indian rebels, and should, .in 
a little time kill and take all the rest, &c. 

By this time it began to be [as]^ light as the time 
that he usually chose to make his onset. He moved, 
sending two soldiers before, to try, if they could 
privately discover the enemy's postures. But very 
unhappily it fell out, that [at] the very same time, 
Philip had sent two of his [men] as a scout upon his 
own track, to see if none dogged [him.]* [They]* 
spied the two Indian men, [ — Y turned short about, 
and fied with all speed to their camp, and Captain 
Church pursued as fast as he could. The two In- 
dians set a yelling and howling, and made the most 
hideous noise they could invent, soon gave the alarm 
to Philip and his camp, who all fled at the first tid- 
ifthis] 2 [so] 3[them\ ^^\Ns\ift\ >\>^^ . ^ 

10* 



V 



114 PHILIP'S WAR/ 

ings; left their kettles boiling, and meat roasting 
upon their wooden spits, and ran into a swaJnp,* 
with no other breakfast, than what^ Captain Church 
afterwards treated them with. 

Captain Church pursuing, sent Mt. Isaac How- 
landf with a party on one side of the swarap,whilfe 
himself with the rfest, ran on the other side, agreeing 
to run on each side^ until they njet on the further 
end. Placing some men in secure stands at that end 
of the swamp where Philip entered, concluding that 
^ if they headed him, and beat him back, that he 
would take back in his own track. Captain Church 
tind Mr. Ilowland soon met at the further end of the 
swamp, (it not being a great one) where they met 
with a great number of the enemy, well armed, com- 
ing out of the swjimp. But oh sight of the English, 
tliey seemed very much surprised and tacked short. 
Captain Church called hastily to them, and said, 
[that] if they fired one gun they were all dead men ; 
for he would have them to know that he had them 
hemmed in with a force sufficient to command them ; 
but if they peaceably surrendered, they should have 
good quarter, t &c. They seeing the Indians and 
English come so thick upon them, were so surprised, 
that many of them stood still and let the English 
come and take the guns out of their hands, whe^ 
they were both charged and cocked. 

Many, both men, women and children of the ene- 
my^ were imprisoned at this time; while Philip^ 

• This swamp was on the west side of Taunton river, in 
Mattapoiset neck in Swanzey. 

t A brother to Jabez Rowland before mentioned^ and son 
Qf the first John Rowland, whose name lives among the cele« 
brated FORTY ONE. See note 1, page 89. 

t We may conclude that Mr. Rubbard is more correct in 

his account of this aSair than our author ; he says, that one 

of Church^ Indians called to them in their own language, 

&c.y which from the circumstance that Mr. Church could not 

jpe#ir Jndiafij^ v creditable. I^ ar . ^. 



PHILrt>'S WAR. M5^ 

Tispaquin, Totoson,* &c., concluded that the Eng- 
lish would pursue them upon their tracks, so were 
waylaying [them]^ at the first end of the swainp ; 
hoping thereby to gain a shot upon Captain Church, 
who was now better employed in taking prisoners^ 
and rimning them into a valley, in form something 
[ — Y ^^^® ^ punch bowl ; and appointing a gjuard 
of two files, treble armed with guns taken firom^ the> 
enemy. 

But Philip having waited all this while in vain,. 
now moves on after the rest of his company to see 
what was become tJf them. And by this time Cap- 
tain Church had got into the swamp ready to meet 
him, and as it happened made the first discovery, 
clapped behind a tree, until Philip's company came, 
pretty near, and then fired upon them ; killed many 
of them, and a close skirmish followed. Upon tliisr 
Philip having grounds sufficient to suspect the event 
of his company that #ent before them, fled back 
upon his own track ; and coming to the place where 
the ambush lay^, they fired on each other, and one 
liUcas of Plymouth, not being so careful as he might 
have been about his standi was killed by the Indians. 

In this swamp skirmish Captain Church, with his 
two men who always ran by his side, as his guard, 
met with three of the enemy, two of which surren- 
dered themselves, and the Captain's guard seized 
them, but the other, being a great, stout, surly fellow, 
1 [their tracks] 2 [shaped] 

* A son of the noted Sam Barrow. Totoson,.as will pre- 
sently be seen, died of grief for the destruction of his family, 
and loss of his country. He was one of the six Narraganset. 
sachems that subscribed the treaty in July, 1675. His prin-- 
cipal place of resort was in Rochester, on the left of the main, 
road as yon pass from the village of Rochester to Mattapoi- 
set, and about two miles from the latter. It was a piece of 
high ground in a large swamp,connected to the high land by 
a narrow neck, over which, all had to paw to visit mm. The 
road passes near where this neck join^ the higji ^q»:o^ 
MS, MecoUections. 



116 PHILIP'S WAR/ 

with his two locks tied up with red, and a great rat- 
tlesnake's skin hanging to the back part of his head, 
TwJio Captain Church concluded to be Totoson) ran 
irom them into the swamp. Captain Church in per- 
son pursued him close, till coming pretty near up^ 
witli him, presented his gun between his shoulders, 
but it missing fire, the Indian perceiving it, turned 
and presented at Captain Church, [but his gun]^ 
missing fire also ; (their guns taking wet with the 
fog and dew of the morning) [and J* tile Indian turn- 
ing .short for another run, his foot tripped in a small 
grap»e vine, and he feU, flat on— his face. Captain 
Church was by this time up with him, and struck the 
muzzle of his gun, an inch and a half, into the hack 
part of his head, which despatched him without 
another blow.* But Captain Church looking behind 
him, saw Totoson, the Indian whom he thought he 
had killed, come flying at him like a dragon ; but 
this happened to be fair in weight of the guard that 
were set to keep the prisoners, who, spying Totoson 
and others that were following him, in the very sea- 
sonable juncture made a shot upon them, and rescu- 
ed their Captain ; though he was in no small danger 
from his friends bullets j for some of them came so 
near him that he thought he felt the wind of them. 
The skirmish being over, tliey gathered their pri- 
soners together, and found the number that they had 
killed and taken, was one hundred and seventythree, 
(the prisoners which they took over night included) 
who after the skirmish, came to them, as they were 
ordered, f 

» Now having no provisions but what they took from 

1 [and} 2 {but] 

• It cannot, now, be ascertained who this Indian warriour 
was, but his bravery was not unequal, perhaps, to num"^ 
berless ewiUzed warriours whose individual fame has filled 
/ir bulkier books than this. 

f These exploiUf took up two days, iiBm«\y Wi^ % wid 8t 



ffiiLiP'S WAR. tii 

the enemy, they hastened to Bridgewater, sending 
an express before to provide for them, their company 
being now very numerous.* 

The gentlemen of Bridgewater met Captiain Church' 
with great expressions of honour and thanks, and re- 
ceived him and his army with all due respect and 
kind treatment. 

Captain Church drove his prisoners (that night) 
into Bridgewater pound, and set his Indian soldierar 
to guard them. They being well treated with victu- 
als and drink, they had a merry night, and the pri- 
soners laughed as loud as the soldiers ; not being 
so treated [for] a long time before. 

Some of the Indians now said to Captain Church, 
" Sir, you have now made Philip ready to die, for 
you have made him as poor and miserable as he used- 
to make the English ; for you have now kiHed or' 
taken all [of] his relations; that they believed he 
would now soon have his head, and that ^his bout 
had almost broken his heart." 

The next dayf Captain Church mo^ed, and nrriv-^ 
ed with all his prisoners safe at Plymouth. The 
great English army was now at Taimton, and Major 
Talcotj'l with the Connecticut forces, being in these 
parts of the country, did considerable spoil up^fs the 
enemy. 

* Church had hut ahout SO Englishmen and 20 recoiiciled>. 
Indians, say8 Hahhard, 2SS, as before noted; and that he* 
took about 153 prisoners. It is probable that he is a little!^ 
cut of the way in the former, as well as the latter part of the* 

statement. 

t August 14. 

J Major John Talcot. ^i rs to be regretted that we have- 
no account of this militarj chieftain in a biographical work. 
Thorc are many of this class, which, should they receive a 
rmall part of the attention bestowed on some obscure charac- 
ters, would add much to the value of such works. I have 
little information of Major Talcot, except what is contain- 
ed in the valuable History of Connecticut. In note 1, oa 
page 107, a few of his esploits are sketched \ \i\sl^'5s^>2K>»» 
time he was as bui^ as C\i\itc\x, ^\i^ ^^^^'Qr£\siR.^ ^^t^ ^^^gsMft' 



Now Captain Church being arrived at Plymoutff, 
received thanks from the government for his good 
service, <fe.c. Many of his soldiers wef-e disbanded,* 
i^nd he thought to rest himself awhile ; being much 
fatigued, and his health impaired, by excessive heats 
and colds, wading through rivers, <Lc. But it was 
hot long before he was called upon to rally, upon 
Mvice that some of the enemy were discovered in 
Dartmouth woods. 

He took his Indians, and as niany English volun- 
teers as presented to go with hini; scattering intoi 
ismall parcels, Mr. Jabez Rowland (who was now, 
and often, his Lieutenant, and a worthy good soldier) 
had the fortune to discover and imprison a parcel 
of the enemy, tri the evening they niet together at 
an appointed place, arid by exaniining the prisoners 
they gained intelligence of Totosori's haunt.* And 
being brisk in the morning, they soon gained an ad- 
vantage of Totoson's t^ompany,f thoii^ he himself, 

tf — ■ I II ■■■- .,■■ - - . ■ ■ ^ _ — ^ .^ ^ mm^ I ■ ^-1— < 

services. After he had recruited his men at home a short 
time, he received intelligence that a large body of Indians 
were fleeing to the westward. .Major Tadcot overtook them 
near the close of the third .day, between Westfi^ld and Alba/^ 
ny on thfe west side of Housatonick fiter.- On the following 
morning he divided his meri int6 two pdrtiels ; one was to 
cross the river and come upon their fronts at the same time 
the other fell upon their rear. This well concerted plant 
came near being ruined ; as the first party virere crossing thd 
Hver they were discovered by one of the enemy who was 
cut, fishing. He hallooed, "Awanniix! AWanhux!" and 
was immediately shot down. This sUrpirised the enemy, 
and the gun was taken for the signal to begiii the onset fiy 
the other partyj who discharged upon fheni as they were 
rising from sleep. All that were not killed or wounded fled 
into the wopds which Were very thick, and the pursuit was 
jgiven u\\ Fortyfive of the enemy Were killed and taken ^ 
among the foifmer was the sachem of Quabaog.^ The army 
^ow returned; The Major had at first S50 men beside 
friendly Indians^ 

* See note on page 115; 

t Hubbard, Nar. 33S, says that about fifty were taken at 
4ituf time. 



J?HILIP'S WAR, 11» 

*5rith his son about eight years old, made their escape, 
and one old squaw with them, to Agawom,* his own 
icountry. But Sam Barrow,f as noted a rogue as 
any among the enemy, fell into the hands of the Eng- 
lish at this time. Captain Church told him, that 
because of his inhuman murders and barbarities, the 
Court had allowed him no quarter, but was to be 
forthwith put to death ; and therefore he was to pre-* 
pare for it. Barrow replied, that the sentence of 
death against hin^ was iiist, and that indeed he Was 
ashamed to live any longer, and desired no more 
favour, than to smoke a whiff of tobacco before his 
<ixecution. When he had taken a few whHTs, he said, 
he was ready ; upon which one of Captain Church'is 
Indians sunk his hatchet into his brains. 

The famous Totoson arriving at Agawom,f his 
eon, § which was the last that was left of the family, 
(Captain Churcji having destroyed all the rest) fell 
sick. The wretch reflecting upon the miserable con- 
dition he had brought himself into, his heart became 
a stone within him, and [he] cjied. The old squaw 
flung a few leaves and brush over him, came into 
Sandwich, and gave this account of his death ; and 
offered to show them where she left his body ; but 
never' had the opportunity, for she immediately fel| 

sick and died also. 

* 

* In Rocl^cster. 

1 1 find nothing more recorded of Barrow, than what is 
here given. It appears that he had been a noted villain, and 
perhaps his sentence was just. But he was an old man, and 
would hkve died soon enough without niurdering. No doubt 
he made great efforts -to redeem his sinking country, an ac« 
count of which cannot be had at this day, which with many 
others we have greatly to lament the lossV>f, with the genera^ 
tions to come. 

t (Several places were called Agawom : [or Affawam] as 
at f pswich and Springfield ; this Agawom lies in Wareham.) 

It is probable that Totoson had other places of resort as 
well as m Rochester, bat that described in note oji page 
1 1 5, is supposed to be the principal. 

^ Totoson, son of Sam BaxroYr^\&i^<^'%:^V 



120 I^HILIP'S WAR.; 

Captain Church -being now at Plymouth again, 
weary and worn, would have gone home to his wife 
and family, but the government being solicitous to 
engage him in the service until Philip was slain; and 
promising him satisfaction and redress for some mis- 
treatment that he had met with, he fixes for another 
expedition. 

He had soon volunteers enough to make up the 
company he desired, and marched through the 
iWoods, iintil he came to Pocasset. And not seeing 
or hearing of any of the enemy, they went over the 
ferry to Rhodeisland, to refresh themselves. The 
Captain with about half a dozen in his company, 
look horses and rode about eight miles down the 
island, to Mr. Sanford's, where he had left his wife.* 
:£She]^ no sooner saw him, but fainted with surprise ; 
ijind by that time she was a little revived, they spied 
two horsemen coming a great pace. Captain Church 
told his company, that " Those men (by their riding) 
come with tidings." When tliey came up, they prov- 
ed to be Major Sanford,f and Captain Golding. 
[They]' immediately asked C&ptain Church, what 
fie would give to hear some news of Philip ? He re- 
plied, that [that] was what he wanted. They told 
iiim, [that] they had rode hard with some hopes of 
overtasking him, and were now come on purpose to 
inform him, that there were just now tidings from 
Mounthope. An Indian came down from thence 
(where Philip's camp now was) [ — ^]* to Sandy point, 
over against Trip's, and hallooed, and made signs to 

1 [who] 3 [who] 3 [on] 

■ "■■ ■ ...,,. i» 

• This was on the 1 1 August. 

"t The same, very probably, who arrested Sir Edmund 

Andros at R. I. in 1639. Andros was then a prisoner at the 

castle in Boston haxbpur, when his servant, by the assistance 

of Bacchus, caused the sentinel to let him stand in bis stea^» 

"' "^d escaped. Hutchinson, I, 349. The name 

^' ♦lie text of HutcbinsoQ the first 

' ■'*■ »n. his Index two 






fc«-^7^ 



PHILIPS WAR. 121 

i>e fetched ove^. And being fetched over, he report- 
4Bd, that he was fled from Philip, " who (said he) han 
killed my brother just before I came away, for giv- 
ing some advice that displeased him."* And said, 
fthat] he was fled for fear of meeting with the same 
his brother had met with. Told them also, that 
Philip was now in Mounthope neck. Captain Church 
tlianked them for their good news, and said, [that] 
he hoped by to-morrow morning to have the rogue's 
head. The horses that he and his company came 
on, standing at the door, (for they had not been un- 
saddled) his wife must content herself with a short 
visit, when such game was ahead. They immediate- 
ly mounted, set spurs to their horses, and away. 

The two gentlemen that brought him the tidings, 
told him, [that] they would gladly wait upon him to 
see the event of the expedition. He thanked them, 
and told them, [that] he should be as fond of their 
company as any men's ; and (in short) they went 
with him. And they were soon at Trip's ferry, (with 
Captain Church's company^ where the deserter was. 
[He]^ was a fellow of gooa sense, and told his story 
handsomely. He offered Captain Church, to pilot 
him to Philip, and to help to kill him, that he might 
revenge his brother's death. Told him, that Philip 
was now upon a little spot of upland, that was in the 
4Bouth end of the miry swamp, just at the foot of the 
mount, which was a spot of ground that Captain 
Church was well acquainted with. 

By that time they were over the ferry, and came 
near the ground,half the night was spent. The Cap- 
tain commands a halt, and bringing the company tor 
gether, he asked Major Sanford's and Captain Gold- 
ing's advice, what method [it] was best to take in 
maiking the onset ; but they declined giving him any 

1 [who] • 

'" ' 

•Mr. Hubbard says that it was for advising him to make 
peace with the £Dglish. 

11 



123 PHILIP'S WAR. 


I 

advice ; telling him, that his great experience and 
success forbid their taking upon them to give advice. 
Then Captain Church offered Captain Golding [ — ]^ 
tlie honour (if he would please accept of it) to beat 
up Philip's headquarters. He accepted the offer 
and had his allotted number drawn out to him, and 
tlx; pilot. Captain Church's instructions to him 
were, to be very careful in his approach Xo the ene- 
my, and be sure not to show himself, until by day- 
light they might see and discern their own men from 
the enemy ; told him also, that hi^ custom in like 
cases, was, to creep with bis company, on their bel- 
lies, until they came a9 near as they coi|ld ; and that 
as soon as the encnjy discovered them, they would 
cry out, and that was the word for his men to fire 
^d fall pn. [He] directed hin), [that] when the 
enemy should start and take into the swamp, [thatj 
they should pursue with speed ; every man shouting 
jand making what noise [he]^ could ; for he would 
give orders to his ambuscade to fire on any that 
should come silently. 

Captain Church knowing that it was Pliilip's cus- 
tom to be foremost in the flight, went down to the 
swamp, and gave Captain Williams of Scituate the 
command of the right wing of the ambush, and pla- 
ced an Englishman and an Indian together behind 
such shelters of trees, &:c., [as]^ he could find, and 
took care to place tliem at such distance, that nono 
plight pass undiscovered between them ; charged 
them to be careful of themselves, and of hurting 
their friends, and to fire at any that should come si- 
lently through the swamp. But [it] being somewhat 
farther through the swamp than he was aware of, he 
wanted men to m.ake up his ambuscade. 

Having placed what men he had, he took Major 
Sanford by the hand, [and] said, " Sir I have so pla- 
ced them that it is scarce possible Philip should 
/tfscape them" The same moment a shot whistled 
J [that ho thovdd have] a ^i^ey^ ^ \V3ftaX\ 



i . 



KIXG PHILIP. 




JP^hlishisSl hj S.(SJii)-ipRli!fiE,®i3sa^«s:i- 



PHILIP'S WAR, •► . m 

' Over their heads, and then the noise of a gun towards 
Philip's camp. Cajitain Church, at first, thought 
[that] it might be some gun fired by accident ; but 
before he could speak, a wTiole volley followed, which 
Was earlier than he expected. One of Philip's gang 
going forth to ease himself,when he had done, look- 
ed round him, and Captain Golding thought [that] 
the Indian looked right at him, (though probaoly it 
was but his conceit) so fired at him ; and upon his 
firing, the whole company that were with him fired 
upon the enemy's shelter, before the Indians had 
lime to rise from their sleep, and so over shot them. 
But their shelter was open on that side next th' 
swamp, built so on purpose for the convenience oJ 
flight on occasion. They were soon in the swamp 
and Philip the foremost, who starting at the first gun» 
threw his petunk and powderhorn over his head, 
catched up his gun, and ran as fast as he could 
)5camper, without any more clothes than his small 
breeches and stockings ; and ran directly on two of 
Captain Church's ambush. They let him come fair 
within shot, and^ the Englishman's gun missing fire, 
Jie bid the Indian fire away, and he did so to [the] 
|3urpose ; sent one musket bullet through his heart, 
and another not above twa inches firom it. He fell 
upon his iace in the mud and water, with bis gun 
under him.* 

* Thus fell the celebrated Kine Philip, the implficabl6 
. «nemy of civilization. Never, pernaps, aid the fall of any 
prince or warriour afford so much space for solid reflection. 
Had the resources of this hero been equal to those of his ene- 
mies, what would have been their fate ? This exterminating 
war had not been known to millions ! How vast the con- 
trast ! when this country is viewed in its present populous 
and flourishing state, extending over thousands of miles, and 
the sound of civilization emanating from every part ; and 
when presented to the imagination in the days of FhiUp ;-. 
with only here and there ^ soutary dwelling, surrounded with, 
an endless wilderness. 

Before the fall of Philip, the Indians for some time had 
been loosing ground, and were considered as nearly subdue^^ 



124 JPHiLIP»S WAS. 

By this time the enemy perceived [that] they wer^ 
waylaid on the east side of the swamp, [and] tacked 
short about. One of the eneroy, who seemed to ber 
a great, surly old fellow ; hallooed with a loud voice< 
and often called out, " lootash, lootash.^^^ Captain 
Church called to his Indian, Peter, and asked him, 
who that was that called so 9 He answered, that it 

was old Annawon,f Philip's great Captain ; calling 

■ 

"but this event clearly decided their fate ; doubts were no 
longer entertained of their appearing formidable. To this 
memorable and important event, we are able to fix the date, 
with that certainty, which adds lustre to the pages of histo^ 
Tj. Other historians agree that it was on the IS August, 
and this history clearly indicates that it was on the morning 
of a certain day, which, therefore, falls on Saturday mornings 
12 August, 1676. Mr. Hubbard, Nar. 226, says, "With 
Philip at this time fell five of his trustiest followers." To 
know their names would be a relief. 

• This is evidentlj a Word of tlv;-^ syllables, and is very easy 
to pronounce. It should be thus divided,, l-oo-tash ; givingHh? 
second syllable the same sound thai oo has in moose, mood, 
&c. VVliy Dr. Morse should alter this word to Tootash, I 
cannot account. It is certainly an unwarrantable deviation 
and should not be countenanced. See Annals of the Ameri- 
can Revolution, 55, and the edition of 1820 of his Hist. N. 
England. 

t This word also, the author of the Annals of the Ameri- 
can Revolution has thought proper to alter to Anawon ; this, 
however, is less important than that mentioned in the last 
iK)te, but should not be warranted. Some contend that its 
termination should be written wan, as being more agreeable 
to analogy. I cannot think that it is ; because the author, 
without (doubt, intended by the termination won, to convey 
jthe sound of umn, and not tnat heard In swan. 

What is preserved of this warriour is found in this history. 
Bis principal camp was in Squannacoak swamp, in Reho- 
hoth, where be was taken by Church, as will nresently be 
seen. In a preceding page, Tyasks was called the next man 
to Philip 'f but, that Annawon stood in that place, is evident 
from hiB being possessed of that chief's royalties after he was 
killed. Mr. Hubbard says tha^^ a son of Philip's chief Captain 
was killed when Philip was. But as it is not possible for me 
to ascertain with certainty who he means by Philip's chief 
Captain, we cannot tell whether he were a son of Annawon 
or Mot ; but it s^ppeaaa quite probable to me that he v: ~ * 



PHILIPS WAR. 125 

on his soldiers to stand to it, and fight stoutly. Now 
the enemy finding that place of the swarap which 
was not ambushed, many of them made their escape 
in the English tracks. 

The man that had shot down Philip, ran with all 
speed to Captain Church, and informed him of his 
exploit, who commanded him to be silent about it 
and let no man more know it, until they had driven 
the swamp clean. But when they had driven the 
swamp through, and found [that] the enemy had 
escaped, or iEit least, the most of them, and the sun 
now up, and so the dew gone, that they could not 
easily track them, the whole company met together 
at the place where the enemy's night shelter was, 
and then Captain Church gave them the news 'of 
Philip's death. Upon which the whole army gave 
three loud huzzas. 

Captain Church ordered his body to be pulled out 
of the mire to the upland. So some of Captain 
Church's Indians took hold of him by his stockings, 
and some by his small breeches (being otherwise 
naked) and drew him through the mud to the up^ 
land; and a doleful, great, naked, dirty beast he 
looked like.* Captain Church then said, that foras- 
much as he had caused many an Elnglishman's body 
to be imburied, and to rot above ground, that not 
one of his bones should be buried. And calling his 
old Indian executioner, bid him behead and quarter 
him. Accordingly he came with his hatchet and 
stood over him, but before be stiuck be made a small 
speech directing it to Philip, [which wae, that]^ *^he 
had been a very great man, and had mi.de many a '^■. 
man afraid of him, but so big as he was, he would now 

I [and said} 

* How natural is the propensity of man, to exult in the fall 
of his enemy! However great or brave, if the great disposer 
of events renders him unprofitably so, no allowance is madc- 
in the day of victory, though the honour of the conqueror is 
measured by that of his foe. 

11* 




126 PHILIiP*S WA«; 

phop his arse for him."^ And bo he went to worh 
and did as he was ordered.^ 

Philip having one very remarkable hand, being 
much scarred, occasioned by the splitting of a pis- 
tol in it formerly, Captain Church gave the head 
imd that hand to Aldennan,| the Indian who shot 
bim, to show to such gentlemen as would bestow gra- 
tuities upon him ; and accordingly he got many a 
penny by it. 

This beiji§ on the last day of the week, the Cap?- 
tain with his company, returned to the island, [andj 
tarried there until Tuesday ;^ and then went on and 
ranged through all the woods to Plymouth, and re- 
ceived their premium, which was thirty shillings pec 
bead, for the enemies which they had killed or^ taken, 
instead of all wages ; and Philip's head went at the 
same price. Methinks it is scanty reward, and poor 
encouragement ; though it was better than [it]^ had 

1 [what! 

» Dr. Morse in copying from this history, quotes the above 
speech thus ; "You have been one very great man. Yovt' 
have made many a -man afraid of yop* put so big as you be, 
I will chop you in pieces." By his liberties with authors, wc 
mi^ttake him for the . Cotton Mather of the age. How- 
ever, we are willing to excuse him in thb instance^on the 
tcore of chastity. 

t Being quartered he was hanged up, and his head carried 
in triumph to Plymouth. Majenalia,. II, 498, 499. « That 
▼ery nignt [previous to his death] Philip had been dreaming 
that he was fallen *into the hands of tlue £ngli^ ; and now 
just as he was telling his dream, with advice unto his friends 
to fly (or their lives, lest the knave who had newly gone from 
them should show the English how to come at them, Captain 
Church, wilh his company, fell in upon them." Ibid. Per- 
haps this sloty deserves as much credit as that on.pagejiO> 
note 1. Mr« Hubbard, no doubt heard this part of the story, 
but perhaps not having as much faith in. dreams as the au- 
thor of the Magnalia, thought proper to omit it. 

:(: This was the same Indian, whose brother was killed, 
and who informed the English where to. find Philip. Trum-^ 
bull, Hist. Coa, 1, 349. 

jfAagast JSi 



1>HILIP»S WAR. I2f 

*» 

been some time before. For this march they receiv«^ 
edfour skiUings and sixpence) a man, which was all 
the reward they had, except the honour of killing 
Philip. This was in the latter end* of August, 1676.. 

Captain Church had been but a little while at Ply- 
mouth, before a post from Rehoboth ca^ie to infora» 
the Governour, that old Annawon, PhilipV chief Capr 
tain, • was with his company ranging about their 
woods, and was very offensive and pernicious to Re-*^^ 
hoboth and Swanzey. Captain Church was imme- 
diately sent for again, and treated with to engage in- 
one expedition more. He told them, [that] their en- 
couragement was so poor, he feared fvhatt his sol- 
diers would be dull 8j>out going again. But being 
a hearty friend to the cause, he rallies again, goes to 
Mr. Jabez Rowland, his old Lieutenant, and some: 
of his soldiers that used to go out with him ; told 
them how the case was circumstanced, and that he 
had intelligence of old Annawon's walk and haunt^ 
and wanted hands to hunt him. They did not want 
much entreating, but told him, [that] they would go 
with him as Jiong as there was an Indian left in me 
woods. He moved and ranged through the woods- 
to Pocasset. 

It being the kitter end of the week, he proposed 
to go on to Rhodeisland, and rest until Monday ; 
but on the Lord's day mocning,f there came a post 
to inlbrm the Captain, that early the same morning, 
a canoe with several Indians in it, passed from Pru^ 
dence island]: to Poppasquash^ 'neck. Captain 

Church thought if he could possibly surprise them^ 

, . »■■ ^ .. . ■ ■ ■ ■ . .. 

* The reason ^f this anaohrofiism is explained in note Lj 
on page 94. 

t August 20. 

t A long and erooked Island on-t^ ,west.side of Rhodis^ 
island, ^xtendin^ from neiarthe centre q£ JUiodei^laiiiid ti 
'Wasfrick neck,.in length aboat.6 miles.. 

j§ (On the we^ side of Bristol.,)^ 
^nd separated from it by Bristol bi^. 



128 MILIP'S WAft. 

[that] he might probably gain some intelligence df 
more game ; thercforo h(3 made all possible tpeed 
after them. The ferry boat behig out of the way, 
he made use of canoes. But by that time they had 
made two freights, and had got over about fifteen or 
sixteen of his Indians, the wind sprung up with such 
violence that canoes could no more pass.* The 
Captain seeing it was impossible for any more of his 
soldiers to come to him, he told his Indians, [tiiat] 
if they were willing to go with him, he would go to 
Poppasquash, and see if they could catch some of 
the enemy Indians. They were willing to go, bat 
were sorry [that] they had no English soldiers. f 
So they marched through the thickets that they 
might not be discovered, until they came unto the 
salt meadow, to the northward of Bristol tov/n, that 
now is, [when]* they heard a gun; the Captain 
looked about, not knowing but it might be some of 
his own company in the rear. So halting till they all 
came up, he found [that] it was none of his own 
company that fired. 

Now, though he had but a few men, [he] was 
minded to send some of them out on a scout. He 
moved it to Captain Lightfoot to go with three 
[others] ^ on a scout ; he said [that] he was willing, 
provided the Captain's man, Nathaniel (which was 
an Indian they had lately taken) might be one of 
them, because he was well acquainted with the 

1 [then] 2 [more] 

^»|^— ^—M Wl I M ■ I I ■ W 1^^— ■■ ■■■»■■■■ I ■ I m , ■— — » ^■^^IM^^.^» ■■— -■-■^^■■ ■■■!■■> I.. I ■■■■■■ ■■ ■ 

♦ This event was but a few days more than one hundred 
years before the celebrated passage of Washin^on over the 
Delaware to attack the Hessians at Trenton, which, has been 
so beautifully described by Barlow. See his Columbiad, 6. 
Ti. line 91 to 214. Perhaps this expedition" of the heroick 
Church, in the small days of Newengland was of as much 
consequence as greater ones were a centurjr after. It is not 
impossible, but that another Barlow may arise and sing over 
the events of these days of yore. A vast theme for a poet t 

t They had one or more Englishmen in the company as 
ml/ appear presentlj. 



MtLIP'S WAR. 12jf 

hetky and coming lately from among them, knew 
how to call them. 

The Captain bid him choose his three companions, 
land go ; and if they came across any of the enemy^ 
not to kill them it they could possibly take them 
alive, that they might gain intelligence conceraing 
Annawon. The Captain with the rest of his com- 
pany moved but a little way fiirther toward Poppa* 
squash, before they heard another gun, which seem- 
ed to be the same way with the other, but further oif; 
but they made no halt until they came unto the nar- 
row of Poppasquash neck; whence Captain Church 
left three men more to watch, [and see] if any should' 
come out of the neck, and to mform the scout, whea^ 
they returned, which way he was gone. 

He parted the remainder of his company, half on 
one side of the neck, and the other with himself went 
on the Qther «jd^., [— ] ^ until they met ; and meetiagj. 
neither with Indians nor canoes, returned big with ex* 
pectations of tidings by their scout. Rut when they 
came back to the three men at the narrow of the 
neck, they told their Captain [that] the scout, [had]^ 
not returned, [and] had heard nor seen any thmg of^ 
them. This filled them with thoughts of what sliould 
become of them. By that time they had sat and' 
waited an hour longer, it was very dcurk, and thej 
<lespaired of their returning to them. 

Some of the Indians told their Captain, ][that} 
they feared his new man, Nathajoiel, had met with his 
old Mounthope friends, and f — ]' turned rogue. 
They concluded to make no fires that night, (and 
indeed they had no great need of any) for they had 
no victuals to cook, [ — ] ^ not so much as a morsel 
of bread with them. 

They took up their lodgings scattering, that if pos- 
sibly their scout should come in the night, and whis- 
tle, (which was tiieir sign) some or other of then% 
might hear them. They had a very solitary, hua* 
1 [of the neck] 2 [was] 3 [was] ^'[hadl 



l30 J^mUP^S \*^AiL. 

gry night ; and as soon as the day broke,* they drew 
off through the brush to a hill without the neck. 
And looking about them they espied one Indian mari 
come running somewhat towards them. The Cap- 
tain ordered one man to step out and show himself. 
Upon this the Indian ran right to him, and who 
should it be but Captain Lightfoot, to their great 
Joy. Captain Church asked him what news'? He 
answered, "Good news;" [that] they were all 
well, and had catched ten Indians; and that they 
guarded them all night in one of tlie flankers of the 
old English garrison ;f that their prisoners were 
part of Annawon's company, and that they had left 
their families in a swamp above Mittapoiset neck 4 
And as they were marching towards the old garrison, 
Lightfoot gave Captain Church a particular account 
of their ei^loit, viz. ; that presently after they left 
him, they heard another gun, which seemed toward 
the Indian burying place ; and moving that way, 
they discovered two of the enemy flaying of a horse. 
*rhe scout clapping into the brush, Nathaniel bid 
them sit down, and he v/ould presently call all tha 
Indians thereabout unto him. They hid, and he 
Went a little distance back from thenn, and set up his 
note and howle<i like a wolf. One of tlie tvi^o im- 
mediately left his horse, and came running to see 
who was there; but Nathaniel howling lower and 
lower, drew him in between those that lay in wait 
for hinirwho seized him. Nathaniel continuing the 
ftime note, the other left the horse also, following his 
mate, and met wdth' the same. When they caught 
these two, they examined tlicm apart and found them 

JU . — . , . . ■.,,■■■■■ .1 

* Monday August 29. 

t This was the fort that was built in .June, 1675, which 
Oburfch 80 much disskpproved of* See page 35. It was pro- 
bably of more service now than it had ever been before, if 
we judge from any account since given. 

X (In Swanzej* There is another Mattapoiset in Roch- 



IPHILIP'S WAR. ISl 

to agree in their story ; that there were eight more 
pf them [who came]^ down into the neck to get 
provisions, and had agreed to meet at the burying 
place that evening. These two being some of Na- 
thaniel's old acquaintance, he had great influence 
upon them, and with his enticing story, (telling what 
a brave captain he had, how bravely he lived since 
he had been with him, and how much they might 
better their condition by turning to him, &,c.,) per- 
suaded and engaged them to be pn his side, which, 
indeed, now began to be the better side of the hedge. 
They waited but a little while before they espied the 
rest of theirs coming up to the burying place, and 
Nathaniel soon howled then^ in, as he had done their 
mates before. 

When Captain Church came to the garrison, he 
met his Lieutenant,* and the rest of his company, 
And then making up good fires they fell to roasting 
their horse beef enough to last them a whole day, 
but had not a morsel of bread, though salt they had, 
{\vhich they always carried in \heir pockets, [and] 
which at this time was very acceptable to them.) 

Their next motion was towards the place where 
the prisoners told them [that] they had left their 
women and children, and surprised them all ; and 
some others that [had]^ newly come to them. And 
wpon examination they held to one story, that it was 
hard to tell where to fin4 Ani^awon, for he never 
roosted twice in a placp. 

Now a certain Indian soldier, that Captain Church 
had gained over to be on hi^ side, prayed that he 
might have liberty to go and fetch in his father, who, 
he said, was about four miles from that place, in a 
swamp, with no other than a young squaw. Captain 
Church inclinefl to go with him, thinking [that] it 
jnight be in his way to gain some intelligence of 
Annawon ; and so taking one Englishman and a fev\f 
1 {come] 8 fwere] 

* Mr. Jabez Howland. 



1*2 PHILIP'S WAR. 

r 

Indians with him, leaving the rest there, he went 
with his new soldier to look [after] his father. 

When he came to the swamp, he bid the Indian 
go [andj^ sec if he could find his father. He was 
QO sooner gone, but Captain Church discovered a 
track coming down out of the woods ; upon which 
he and his little company lay close, some on one 
«ide of the track, and some on the other. They 
lieard the Indian soldier makin;;^ a howling for his 
father, and at length somebody answered him ; but 
while they v/ere listening, they thought [that] they 
iicafirr soaiebody coming towards them ; presently 
f they] saw an old man coming up with a gun on his 
shoulder, and a young woman following in the track 
which they lay by. Tliey let them come up between 
them, and tlien started up and laid hold of them 
both. Captaii^ CJiurch immediately examined them 
apart, tell m 2^ them what iliey must trust to, if they 
told false stories. He asked the young woman, what 
jcompany they cyme from last*? She said, " From 
'Captain Arjuawon's." He asked her how many were 
in company witji him when she left him *? She said, 
" Fifty or sixty." lie asked her how many miles it 
was to the place where she left him *? She said, [that] 
she did not understand miles, but he was up in 
Squ anna conk swamp.* 

The old man, who had been one of Philip^s coun- 
cil, upon Examination,, gave exactly the same ac- 
count. Captain Church asked him if they could get 
there that night 9 He said, [that] if they went pre- 
sently, and travelled stoutly, they might get there 
by sunset. He asked whither he was going 9 He 
aaswered, th?it Annawon had sent him down to look 

tfor] some Indians, that were gone down into Mount- 
ope neck to kill provisions. Captain Church let 
Jiim know that those Indians were all his prisoners. 

1 [to] ' g [bat] 

* CSoutiieasterly part oC Uetontoc^lv^ 



^ PHILIP'S WAR. 133 

By this tiine ^iQiie the Indian soldier and brought 
bis father a|i4 4)ne Indian more. The Captain was 
now in a grQ9t strait of mind what to do next ; he 
had a mind Ip j^ive Annawon a visit, now he knew 
where to fii^ bim. BiU his company was very small, 
£onIy]^ half a dozen men beside himself, and was 
under a necfM^sity to send some body back to acquaint 
his Lieutenant and company with his proceedings. 
However, he asked his small company that were with 
him, i/iiiether they would willingly go with him and 
give AnnawoD a visit ^ They told him, [that] they 
were always ready to obey his commands, &c. ; but 
withal told him, that tiiey knew this Captsun Anna- 
won was a great soldier ; that he had been a valiant 
Captain under Asuhmeriuin,* Philip's father; and 

1 [hut] 

* Morton, 123, calls him Wooeam*»q«rn. Tbis was the 
last name by which the "good old Massassoit" was known. 
This name he took about the time of the Pequot war as was 
fnentioned in note 1, on page 17. Allen in his Biographical 
Dictionary, has given a short sketch of him, which is very 
deficient. Not even informing us that he was ever known 
by any other name than Massassoit. This celebrated chief en- 
tered into a league of friendship with the Plymouth Pilgrims, 
the next spring afler their arrival, which was kept until his 
death. Some of l!ie other tribes insultingly told him, that 
through his cowardice he had treated with the English, 
However this might be, he is said always to have advised his 
sons against engaging in a war with thorn, for he believed 
that in time tjie tndians would be annihilated. He was re- 
markable for his aversion to the English religion. Hutchin- 
son, I, 252, says that " when he was treating for the sale of 
some of his lands at Swanzey, insisted upon it as a condition, 
that the English should never attempt to draw off any of his 
people from their relieion to Christianity, and would not re- 
cede until he found the treaty would break off if he urged 
it any further." He was personally several times at Fly- 
mouth. Oh his first arrival there, in March, 1620-21, ne 
made his appearance on the hill, the south side of Town brook, 
with several of bis principal men with him. Here he made a 
stop and Mr. Edward Winslow was sent to bim with a pre- 
sent, and the Gbvernour's (Carver) compliments that he d^ 
fired to see bim, and treat with bim. He left Mr. Wiaslow 

12 



134 PHILIPS WAB, 

that lie had been Philip's chieftain all this war. A very 
subtle man, of great resolution, and bad often said, 
that he would never be taken alive by. the English, 

as a hostage with his men, and with ahout twenty of his sol- 
diers went down to the brook, where Captain StandisJi met 
him with a file of sf:f paen, and conducted him to a new 
house. A green rug was spread over the floor, and three or 
four cushions laid upon it. The GoT-ernour then came, pre- 
ceded by a drum and trumpet, at the sound of which tiiey 
appeared much delighted. After some introduction^ the 
above mentioned league er treaty was entered upon and con- 
cluded as folloi%-s; 

Article I, That roither h.<>, nor any of his, should injure 
or do hurt to any of their people, f^rt. 11. That if any of his 
did any hurt to any of theirs, he shouici send the ofiender 
that they might punish him. Art, III. That if any thing 
were taicen away from any of theirs, lie >bould cause it to be 
restored ; and they fehould tjio the like to his. \Srt, iV. That 
if any did unjustly war against him, thf*y would aid him ; 
andil any did y^ar against them, he should aid them. Jlrt. V. 
That he sliouhl send to his neighbour confederates, to inform 
them of tliis, that they might not wrong them, but might be 
likewise comprised in these conditions of peace. Jlyt, VI, 
That when his men came to them upon any occasion, they 
should leave their arms (which were then bows and arrows) 
behind them. Jirt. VII. Lastly, that so doing, their sove- 
reign Lord, King James wimld esteem him as his friend and 

ally. 

Two years after (in 1C2S) Massassoit fell sick, and Mr. 
Winslow went to visit him. He found the house crowded 
with men who were using their rude exertions to re;iore him 
to healih. BeiL^ informed that his friends were come to see 
him, he desired to .«peak with them. (He was very sick and 
his sight had left him.) When Mr. Wmsiow went to hini 
he took him by the hand and faintly said, *' Keen VVins- 
Bow?" That is, " Ar^ thou Winslo>v ?" Being informcit ihat 
he was, he then said, " Malta neen woncl-un^t nanicn IVins-: 
jnoto/" That is, *'0 ViTinslow I shall never see thee again f" He 
^ liad not taken any thing for two days, but Mr. Winnlow gaye 
him something that he had prepared which he was able to 
fswallow, and ne iiiunediately grew better, and soon entirely 
recovered. In 1639, this Indian King was at Plymouth with 
iVfooanam or Wamsiutta, his son, then or afterwards named 
^lexanderir and renewed the former league. The precise 
time of his death is unknown. But from Hubbard, 59, it ap- 
pcais that it WBA about 1666. Morton, i26, and li22. Hulch- 
ffispfl, i^ n^^ 053; Belknap, Auici, B\o^. I, 212, 294» 



PHUjt'S WAIL 



i^ 



And moreover they knew that the men that were 
with him were resolute fellows, some of Philip's 
chief soldiers ; and therefore, feared whether it was 
practicable to make an attempt upon him wim so 
small a handful of assailants as were ttd^ with him. 
Told him further, that it would be a pity, M*, ^®J 
all the great tilings he had done, [that] he should 
throw away his life at last. Upon which he replied, 
that he doubted not Annawort was sl subtle and vd- 
iant man ; that he had a long time, but in vain, sought 
for him, and never till now could find his quarters, 
and he was very loath to miss of the opportunity ; 
and doubted not, [— ]« that if they would cheerfully 
jro with him, the same Almighty Providence that hai 
hitherto protected and befriended them, would do si 
still, &c. 

Upon this With one consent they said, [that] thev 
^^uld go. Captain Chiifch then lilrncd to ond GooK 
of Plymouth, (the only Englishman then with him) 
and asked him, what he thought of it? [He]' repli- 
ed, " Sir, I am never afraid of going any wliere wheif 
you arc with me." Then Captain Church asked the 
old Indian, if he coiild carry his horse with him ? 
(For he conveyed a horse thus far with him.) He 
replied that it was impossible for a horse to pass the 
swamps. Therefore, he sent away his new Indian 
soldier with his father, and the Captain's Horse, to 
his Lieutenant, and orders for him to move to Taun- 
ton with the prisoners, to secure them there, and td 
^ come out in the morning in the Rehoboth road, in 
:' which he might expect to meet him, if he were alive 
and had success. 

The Captain then asked the old fellow if he would 
pilot him [to]^ Annawon ? He answered, that he hav- 

1 [that] « [but] 3 [who] < [unto] 1 t 

- i 

Holmes, I, 208. Prince, 185, &c. Whether he had mow 
than two sons is uncertain ; but it seems by a letter to Ign- 
don, written during this war, that there was another. S«e 
HatchiAson» 1, 365. 



136 PHILIP'S War.' 

ing given him his life, he was obliged to serve hitet^ 
He bid him move on then, and they followed. The 
old man would out travel them so far sometimes^ 
that they were almost out of sight ; [and] looking* 
over bis shoulder, and seeing them behind, he would 
bait. 

Just as the sun was setting, the old man made a 
fbll stop and sat down ; the company coming up, also 
saictowni being all weary. Captain Church asked, 
^ What news *?" He answered, that about that time 
ID the evening. Captain Annawon sent out his scouts 
to see if the coast were clear, and as soon as it be>* 

?[an to grow dark, the* scouts returned; and then, 
said he) **we may move again securely." When it 
began to grow dark, the old man stood up again, 
[and] Captain Church asked him if he would take a 
gun and fight for him^ He bowed* very low, and 
pr?iyod him not to im|X)8e such a thin^ upon him, as 
to iight against Captain Annawon his old firimyk 
But says he, '^ I will go alongwitb you, and be help- 
ful to you, and will lay hands on any man that shall 
•ffer to hurt yojt." 

It being now pretty dark, ^fccy movedi close to- 
gether; — anon they heasd a noise. The Captain 
stayed the okl man with his^ hand, and asked bis own 
men what noise they . thought it might be ^ They 
concluded it to be the pounding of a mortar. Th& 
eld man had given Captain Church a description of 
the place* where Annawon now lay, andof thediffi- 

• This solitary retreat is in the soothieastevljr part of the 
tpwn of Rehoboth, but being near Tav^on line, some, in re- 
lating the story, report it to be in this town. • It is about Qt 
miles from Taunton green» aokd nearly- in » dire«t line to 
Providence. The northwest comer of Dighton runs up be- 
tween Taunton and Rehoboth, through which vrc pass in- 
going from Taunton to Awwawok% rock. (By this name it 
IB known throughout that part of the coimtry.) It is in a 
great swamp, called Sauannaconk, containing nearly 8000 
acres, as I was informed by Mr. J^.; Bliss, the nearest irhabi- 
ii^ni to it, The roa^puses rouad thft iMtthwesterly part ot 



PHILIP'S WAR. 137 

ciilty of getting at him. Being sensible that they 
were pretty near them, with two of his Indians he 
creeps to the edge of the rocks, from whence he 
could see their camps. He saw three companies of 
Indians at a little distance from each other ; being 
easy to be discovered by the light of their fires. He 
saw also the great ANNA WON and his company^ 
who had formed his camp or kenneling place by 
falling a tree under the side of the great cliffs of 
rocks, and setting a row of birch bushes up against 
it ; where he himself, his son, and some of his chiefe 
had taken up their lodgings, and made great fires 
without them, and had their pots and kettles boiling, 
and spits roasting. Their arms also he discovered, 
all set together, in a place fitted for the purpose, 
standing up an end against a stick lodged in two 
crotches, and a mat placed over them, to keep theiti 
from the wet or dew. The old Annawon's feet and 
his son's head were so near the arms, as almost to 
touch them. [ — Y 

The rocks were so steep that it was impossible to 
get down, [only]* as they lowered themselves by the 
i[but] ' «[but] 

^am^mm^m^^mam^tmmmmmtimm^m m i i ■■■■■■ ■ ■^■^^— ■^^^»^i^»^^w*— m^^^—— ■»■,■ ^ ■■»■■■■■■ i^iw — ^^^>^b^^ 

the swamp, and within 6 or 8 rods of the rock. This ini- 
mense rock extends northeast and southwest 70 or 80 feet* 
and to this day the camp of Annawon is approached with 
difficulty. A part of its southeast side hangs over' a little, 
and the other, on the northeast part, seems in no very dis- 
tant period, to have tumhled down in large clefts. Its height 
may be 30 feet. It is composed of sand and pebhlesi' A few 
scattering maple, beech, birch, &c.>^ (^row about it ; as also 
briars and water bushes, so thick as almost to forbid ap- 
proach. Formerly, it was, no doubt, entirely surrounded by 
water, as it is to this time in wet seasons. The northwen 
side of the rock is easily ascended, as it gradually slopes away 
from its summit to its base, and it an angle, perhaps, not ex- 
ceeding 35^. Small bushes grow from tne seams in its steep 
side, as in the days of Church. Near the southwest extrenu- 
tv is an opening of an an^lar form, in which, it is said, 
Annawon and tne other chiefs were encamped. This open- 
ing now contains the stump of a large tree, which mast bav6 
grown since those days, as it neatly 6ila il ^^. 

12^ 



138 PBILIP^S WAR. 

boughs, and the bushes that grew in the cracks of th^ 
rocks. Captain Church creeping back again to the 
old man, asked him, if there were no possibility of 
getting at them some other way? He answered, 
^ No." That he and all that belonged to Annawon, 
were ordered to come that way, and none could come 
any other way without difficulty, or danger of being 
tihot. 

■ Captain Church then ordered the old man and his 
daughter to go do^vn foremost with their baskets at 
their backs, that when Annawonsaw them with their 
baskets he should not mistrust the intrigue. Captain 
Church and his handful of soldiers crept down also,. 
under the shadow of those two and their baskets. 
The Captain himself crept close behind the old man^ 
with his hatchet in his hand, and stepped over the 
young man's head to the arms. The young Anna- 
won discovering of him, whipped his blanket over 
his head, and shrunk up in a heap. The old Cop^ 
lain Annawon started up on his breech, and cried 
out "irbwob."* .And despairing of escape, tlirew 
himself back again, and lay silent until Captain 
Church had secured all the arms, &c. And having 
secured that company, he sent his Indian soldiers ta 
the other fires and companies, givFng them instruc- 
tions,' what to do and say. Accordingly they went 
into the midst of them. Wlien they [had} discover*- 

* This word according to the tradition of aged peop1e>, 
■ignifiedy '^ I am taken." Dr. Morse has thought fit to alter 
\\ke spelling of this word to Howah. It is very evident that 
the writer of this history, intended in the termination of this 
vord to convey the sound of ohy and not ah^ Were this not 
the case^ H b certainly helter to give it to posterity as we 
find it. Such alterations, however small and unimportant 
they may seem to some readers, have a very bad tendency ; 
they tend to cause us to doubt of the authenticity of any ac- 
counts that are handed down to us.. It may be said that an 
alteration of this kind is of no consequence^ because it does 
not alter the sense. But it should bo recollected, that the 
mutbrnrity is a&good for any other altetation v for to alter letr^ 
iers in to sdter words j^ to tiler woi^ ia to c\A:ia%i^ >iXA ^^wi» 



-4 




PHILIP^S WAR. I3Sf 

ed themselves [to the enemy, they]' told them that, 
their Captain Annawon was taken, and [that] it 
would be best for them, quietly and peaceably to 
surrender themselves, which would procure good 
quarter for them ; otherwise, if they should pretend 
to resist or make their escape, it 'would be in vain, 
and they could expect no other but that Captain: 
Church, with his great army, who had how entrap- 
ped them, would cut them to pieces. Told theoK 
also, [that] if they w^ould submit themselves, and de^ 
liver up air their arms unto them, and keep every 
man in his place until it was day, they would assure 
them that their Captain Church, who had been so 
kind to themselves when they surrendered to him, 
should be as kind to them. Now they being old ac- 
quaintance, and many of them relations, did muck 
the readier give heed to what they said; [so] compii--' 
ed, and surrendered up their arms unto them, botb 
their guns and hatchets, &c., and were forthwith 
carried to Captain Church.* 

Things being so far settled. Captain Church asked 
Annawon, " what he bad for nupperl" " for (s$id he) 
I am come to sup with you." " IW&trf," (jMiid. An- 
nawon) with a big voice, and looking about upon 
his women, bid them hasten and get Captain Church 
and his company some supper. [He] then turned 
to Captain Church and adked him whether he would 
eat cow beef or horse beef? The Captain told him 
cow beef would be most acceptable. It was sooa 
got ready, and pulling his little bag of salt out of 
his pocket, which was all the provision he brought 
with him. This seasoned his cow bee£ So that 
with it and the dried green corn, which the old squaw 
was pounding in the mortar, while they were sliding^ 

1 [who th©y werej 

** Mr. Hubbard differs considen^bly io his relation of the 
taking of Annawon, from our author, and is much shorter. 
Nothing very importi^nt seems to^ otoailKi^^ vcw >Jtev^ ^K^^^^saE^ 
exceptiag (he date^ and that Mx. Hu\»\»x^ «gk&» ibn^ 



14* MiLIP'S M^AR. 

• 

down the rocks, he made a very hearty supper. And 
this pounding in the mortar, proved lucky for Cap- 
tain Church's getting down the rocks ; for when the 
old squaw pounded, they moved, and when she ceas- 
ed, to turn the corn, they ceased creeping. The 

. noise of the mortar prevented the enemy's hearing 
Iheir creeping, and the corn being now dressed, sup- 
plied the want of bread, and gave a fine relish with 
the cow beef. 

Supper being over, Captain Church sent two of 
his men to inform the other companies, that he had 
killed Philip, and taken their friends in Mounthope 
neck, but had spared their lives, and tiiat he had sub- 
dued now all the enemy, (he supposed) except this 
company of Annawon ; and now if they would be 
orderly and keep their places until morning, they 
should have good quarter, and that he would carry 
them to Taunton, where they might see their friends 
again, &c. 

The messengers returned, [and informed] that the 
Indians yielded to his proposals. 

Captain Church thbught it was now time for him 
to take a nap, having had no sleep in two days and 
one night before. [So he] told his men, that if they 
would let. him sleep two hours, they should sleep all 
the rest of the night. He laid himself down and en- 

^ deavoured to sleep, but all disposition to sleep de- 

T parted from him. 

;: After he had lain a little while, he looked up to 
see how his watch managed, but found them all fast 
asleep. Now Captain Church had told Captain An- 
ilawon's .company, as he had ordered his Indians to 
tell the others; [namely] that their lives should all 
be spared, excepting Captain Annawon's, and it was 
not in his power to promise him his life, but he must 
carry him to his masters at Plymouth, and he would 
entreat them for his life. 
Now when Captain Church found not only his own 
men, but all the Indians fiaist aft\^p, knu^viOTk ot^^ 

excepted, who, be perceiTed was w Vnoaii wi^ikft «^ 



l^OiiP'S Was. 14 1 

bhyiself; and so they lay looking one upon the other, 
toeriiaps an hour. Captain Church said nothing tof 
nim, for he could not speak Indian> and thought An- 
nav/on could not speak Eriglish. 

At length Annawon raised himself up, cast off his 
blanket, and with no more clotlies than his small 
breeches, wulked a little way back from the company. 

\ Captain Church thought no other but that he had oc- 
casion to ease himsclt'. and so walked to some distance 
Tuiher than offend them with the stink; But by and 
by lie was gone out of sight and hearing, and thert 
Captain Church began to suspect some ill design in 
him ; and got all the guns close to him, and crowd-" 
cd himself close tinder youftg Annawon; that if bcf 
should anywhere get a gun, he should not make Ct 
shot at him, without endangering his son. Lying 
tQry still awhile, waiting for the event, at lengthy 
be heai-d somebody coming the same way that An<« 
nawon went. The moon now shining bright^ he 
saw him^at a distance coming with something in hi&f 
hands, and coming up to Captain Church, he feU 
Upon his knees before him, and offered him whathc 
hcid brought, and spealving in plain English, said^ 
'^ Great; Captain, you have killed Fhilifl, send codi^ 
quered hxs country ; for 1 believe that I and my conv^ 
pany are the last that war against the English, se^ 
suppose the war is ended by your means ; and there^ 
fore these things belong unto you." Then opening 
his pack, iie pulled out Philip^s belt,* curiously 

^ ivroughc with wompom,f being nine inches broad, 

<' * This belt and some other of Philip's ornaments are now 
tfwned in a family at Swanzey, as I was informed by an itt- 
habitant of the place. 

f Wampum, or wampom, called also wampampeae ; a kind 
of money in use among tl*e Indians. It was a kind of bead 
made of shells of thp great conch, muscles, &c., and curiously 
wrought and polished, with a hole' throtfgh them. They 
were of different colours, as black, blue, red, white and pur- 
ple ; the last of which were wrought by the Fivenations. 
Six of the white, and three of the black, or blue passed for a 
fnHDj. Tnuabull, Hbt, U, S* K *'* ^^ ^^^"^ ^^ssssjpw^ 



i4» tHlLIP'^ WAiL 

ifrought witii black and white wompom, in various 
figures, and flowers and pictures of many birds and 
beasts. This, when hanged upon Captain Church's 
lihoulders^ reached his ancles ; ani another belt of 
wompom he presented him with, wrought after the 
former manner, which Philip was wont to put upon 
his head. It had two flags on the back part, 
which hung down on his back, and another small 
belt with a star upon the end of it, which he used 
to hang on his breast, and they were all edged witli 
red hair, which Annawon said they got in the Mo- 
hog's* country. Then he pulled out two horns of 
glazed powder, and a red cloth blanket. He told 
Captain Church [that] these were Philip's royalties, 
tv'Iiich he was wont to adorn himself with, when he 
i^t ill state ; that he thought himself happy that he 
had an opportunity to present them to Captaii* 
Churchji who. had won them, &c. [TheyJ spent tho 
remainder of the night in discourse. And [Captairi 
Annawon] gave an account of what mighty success 
he had [had] formerly in wars against many nationsr 
t)f Iitdians,! when he served iVsuhmequin, Philip's 

father, &c.J 

I -' ' ■• .,,-•• 

was made a tf nder by law for the payment of debts " not ex- 
ceeding 40 shillings, at 8 white or 4 lf>lack a penny ; this was* 
repealed in 1671." Doug-ass, I, 437. 

* Mohawk's. This word is spelt Meohag on page 68. See 
iiote 2, of page 68. 

tHow much it is to be lan>ented that Mr. Church did not 
preserve the conversation of Annawon at this time. Nothing^ 
i;ould have added more value to his hiKtory. ' 

% Ithns ended Monday night 28 August. It is unaccQunta- 
ble that Mr. Hubbard fixes no date to this transaction, and 
the more so, as he wrote so near the time that it took place. 
It is not without some hesitation that the above is admitted, 
6n account of the disagreements in the narratives. Hub- 
bard, 23O5 says that Tispaquin came in, in September, and 
plaiies it before the taking of Annawon, which if our author 
be correct is a gross mistake. Now it is evident that it was 
on Monday night from the text, and that there was a moon 
M^ long alter djirk^ perhaps an hour or two. This ez- 



PHILIP'S WAR, 14$. 

Iq this morning, as soon as it w^s light, the Cap- 
tain marched with his prisoners out of that swampy 
country towards Taunton. [He] met his Lieutenant 
and company about four miles out of town, who ex- 
pressed a great deal of joy to see him agaih, and 
;said, [that] it was more than ever they expected. 
They went into Taunton, were civilly and kindly 
treated by the inhabitants. [Here they] refreshed 
and rested themselves that nigiit. 

Early next morning, the Captain took old Anna- 
won, and half a dozen of his Indian soldiers, and his 
own mai^, and Wjent to Rho<leisland ; sending the 
rest of his company, and his prisoners by his Lieu- 
tenant* to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three day« 
Mpon the island^ he then went to Plymouth, and carr 
ried his wife and his two children with him. 
* Captain Church had been but a little while at 
Plymouth, when Jie was informed of a parcel of In- 
dians who had haunted the woods between Plymouth 
and Bippican ; tliat did great damage to the Eng- 
)[ish,in killing their cattle, horses, and swine. Tho 
Captain was ^oon in pursuit of them. [He] went 
out from Piyrnoulh tlie next l^londay in the after- 
lioon, [and] ncit moining early they discovered a 
track. The Captain sent two Indians on the track 
to see what they could diycover, whilst he and his 
coriipany followed ?:^tiitly after. But the two In- 
dians soon returned with tidings, that they discover- 
ed the enemy sitting round their fires, in a thick 
place of brush. When they came pretty near the 
place, the Ca>)taln ordered every man to creep as 
he did, and surround them by crcepujg as near ag 
they could, till they should be discovered, and then 

,actly corresponds with, the date given above, because tjio 
nioon was at the full on the 36 August, and this being two 
flights after, they would of course have the moon a shor^ 
iiiae alUir dark. 
* Mr. Jabez HQwland. 



144 PHIUP'S WAR. 

to ran £ — Y "P?" them, and take them alive if 
possible, (for their prisoners were their pay.) They 
did so, [taking]' every one* that were at the fires, 
not one escftpin]g. 

Upon examination they agreed in their stories, 
that they belonged to Tispaquin, who was gone 
with John Bump,f and one more, to Agawom| and 
Sippican§ to kill horses, and were not expected 
back in two or three days. || 

This saQie Tispaquin had been a great Captain, 
nxid the Indians reported, that be was such a great 
PauwaUfM tiiat no bullet could enter him, &c. Cap- 
lain Church said, [that] he would not have Iiim kill- 
ed, for jtJiere was a war** broke out in the eastern 
jflij^t of the country, and he would have him saved to 
go with him to fight the eastern Indians. Agjeea-» 
bly he left two old squaws, of the prisoners, and bid 
them tarry there until their Captain, Tispaquin, re^ 
turned, and to tell him that Church had been there, 
and had taken his wife and children, and company, 
and carried them down to Plymouth, and would 
spare all their lives, and his too, if he would come 
iiown to diem, and bring the ou'ier two that were 
with him, and they should be his soldiers, &c. 

Captain Church then returned ^o Blytnouth, leav- 
ing th^ old squavvs well provided for, and biscuit for 
Tispaquin when he returned; tellin:^ his soldiers, 
that he doubted not, but he had luid a trap that 

i[on] 9 [took] 

»■■ 111 I ■ . . ■ I «■ I — — ^ — I « 

♦ About 50 according to Hubbard, 231. " Th« place vi^ 
near Lakcnham upon Poca*?$Pt neck, so fall of bu««Kcs that a 
man could not see a rod before him." Ibid. 

t Nothing more ws said of this Indian a.^ I can fipd. ^ There 
arc revpeetablc white people in Middlp.boroup;h by this name^ 
from the aaeestors of whon^ he miffht bav<? .lerived hit name«; 

I rWareha;n.) § (Kochester.) 

I This was in September, 

IF Wizard or conjurer. English writers denominate their 
priests by this name. 

^uin accouDt o£ this war will be diven iu the Appendix. 



PHILIP'S WAR. ^ 145 

would take him. Captain Church two days after 
^ent to Boston, (the commissioners* then sitting) 
and waited upon the honourable Governour Leve- 
i-ettjf who then lay sick. [He]^ requested Captain 
Church to give him some account of the war, who 
Teadily obliged his honour therein, to his great satis- 
faction, as he was pleased to express himself; tak- 
ing him by the hand, and telling him, [that] if it 
pleased God [that] he lived, he would make it a 
-brace, of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of 
the Massachusetts colony, and would endeavour that 
the rest of the colonies sliould do proportionably. 
But he died within a fortnight after, and so nothing 
iwas done of that nature. 

1 {who] 



• I find no mention of any other court in Mas.«achu- 
.^ttsat this time, than that called together the 9 August, oc- 
-casioned by a letter from the King, summoning the colony 
to appoint commissioners to answer to the complaints of Gor- 

Ses and Wason, concerning boundaries, &c. See Hist, 
lass. I, 2S0j 281. This and other business, it is probable, 
kept them together until the time alluded to in our text, 

t Governour John Levcrett came to America with his fa- 
ther in 1633, from Boston in Lincolnshire, England. He 
was made deputy Governour in 1671, and in 1673, Gover- 
t»our. He continued in the office until his death, which, ac- 
Mrding to our author, was in 1676. Dr. Douglass also, in 
liis Summary, I, 429, says that it was " in the autumn of 
1676." It is remarkable, that roost, if not all, later histori- 
ans place his death in 1673, on the authority of Mather, I 
conclude. In my first edition of this work I followed the Bi- 
ograjihical Dictionaries without scriiple, but soon discovered 
the errour. Eliot and Allen, perhaps, followed Mather with- 
out hesitation, because Hutchin^'on did not differ from him. 

The former part of this note v/as written previous to the 
apnearance of Mr. Savage's edition of Winthrop's History 
ofKewengland. It th**rc appears, II, 245, note % tliat a let- 
ter was received 1677, from the court of England, crating 
him Knight. This title w<i7, never used, which Mc-*Savage 
conjectui cs various reai^on^^ io". But if he were devd weforc 
^ his appointment arrived, that is a sufficient rea$cw.- Itt 
Snow's Hipt. Bo!?ton, some account of his funeral il"|pn^«il| 
but UAder ihe same date. ^^ 






146 FHILIP»& WAR. 

The same day* Tispaquin came in, and thoso 
that were with liim. But when Captain Church re- 
turned from Boston, he found, to his .grief, the heads 
of Anna won, 'Tispaquin, <fec.,f cut off which were 
the last of Philip's friends.f 

• Th« sams day that the trap was set. 

fThe full import of this &c. is not known. We can only 
observe, that a great many others at different times were ex- 
ecuted, much to the -diihonour of those concerned. Of 
the numbers of tho^se poor ns^tives that were thus murdered, 
yre must remain igaorant. 

i Melancholy indeed is the reflection, a nation is no more \ 
Thus we behold the instability of all thing?, acted upon by 
the exterminatinf^ hand of time. The rude government of 
the natives could not protect them against treachery in an 
uncommon degree. Their means of support being often 
ftcant, and many times nearly cutofi", was a great inducement 
to desertion to the English, where they always ftired much 
tetter. Hence their first great disaster, at the swamp fight 
in Narraganset, was owing to a fugitive's leading the Eng-, 
lishto the only assjtilable part of the fort ; Philip fell by the 
same foul treachery ; an J, lastly, Annawon, wno, had ho 
been a Roman, would have been called the great. The fol? 
lowing lines admirably portray the frailty of man. 

*' Like leavea on trees th% race of man is found ; 

Now green in youth, now with'ring on the ground; 

Another rano the following spring supplies; 

They fall successive, and successive rise : 

So ijeneratious in their course, decay ; 

So flourish these, whan those are past away.** Popk's Homer. 

The conduct of the government in putting to death " An-, 
nawon, Tispaquin, &.c,," has ever been viewed as barbarous; 
no circumstance now made it necessary. The Indians were 
subdued, tht;cefore no example was wanting to deter others. 
It is true, some were mentioned by the government as un-^ 
ineriting mercy ; but humanity forbade the execution of 
laws formed only for the emergencies of the moment. Gov- 
crnour Hutchinson observes, "Every person, ahnost, in the 
two colonies, [Massachusetts and Plymouth] had lost a rela- 
tioii or near friend, and the people in general were exaspera- 
ted: but all does not sufficiently excuse this great severity." 
/list. Mass. I, SJ77. 

Mr. Hubbard, who w(*otc at the time docs not fail to justi- 
fy aJl the measures of government. He says that Church 
/promised Tispai^uin an oifice under him^ if what he had made 



iPblLIP'S WAIL Ut 

The general court of Plymonth then sitting, sent 
for Captain Chdrch, who waited upon them accord- 
ingly, and received their thanks for his good ser- 
vice, which they unanimously voted, [and] which 
was all that Captain Church had for his aforesaid 
service. 

Afterwards, in the year 1676,* in the month of 

January, Captain Church received a commission 

from Governour Winslow,f to scour the woods 6f 

«ome of the lurking enemy, which they were well 

informed wei*e there. 

tHere followed the commission which is omitted as it is 
-Vcrv similar to that at page 93. It bears date 15 Jan. 1C76 
but should be taken 1 67^-7.] 

« . ■ " 111. - 1 - ,, —-_.■ _i .i_v„_ 

liis followers believe were true, that a bullet could not kil 
bim. When he delivered himself up, the government 
thouftht proper to see if it were the case ; so shot at him, and 
he fell dead the first fire ! Annawon was accused of torturing, 
and murdering many English prisoners, " whith he could 
4iot deny," thereifore he was put to death in the same manner. 
Mr. Hubbard, though an eminent historian, was not free from 
the prejudices of the times. As for us, wc can only lament 
the end of those heroes, and ih no better language, than that 
of our eminent native poet. 

" Indulge, our native land, indulge the teair 
That steals impassioned o'er a nation's doom ; 
To us each twig from Adam's stock is dear. 
And tears of sorrow deck an Indian's tomb." 

Dwight's Greenfiteid kill. 

• This v?as according to the old method of dating, when 
the new year did not begin until the 25 March j thereforey 
this must be understood 1677. Ulider the old supputation^ 
the yrar was often written with an additional figure, from 1 
Jan. to 26 March, to represent both the old and new method ) 
thus, at that time the above date would have been properly 
written 1676-7. By the inattention of authors, sometimes 
using the additional figure, and sometimes omitting it, many 
anachronisms have been committed. , Another method, 
which signifies the same was often used ;* thus, 167y exprefti 
the same as 1676-7. But writers frequently fell into mi»« 
takes by taking the wrong figure of the fraction; 

t This Gentleman having managed the affairs of Plymouth 
Colony during this troublesome war, it will be proper to give 
some account of him at its close. He was a son of the di*- 
tinguiftli#4 £dward Winslow, whose name i« tbA tbu.^ ^5» 



148 PHILIPS WAR/ 

! 

Accordingly Captain Church accompanied T^^itfi 
several gentlemen and others, went out and took 

that celebrated "combination," or "first foundation of lb« 
government of New Plymouth." In 1656, Alexander was mis- 
trosted of plotting against the English, as has been mentioned 
in note 1, on page 17. Mr. Winslow with 8 or 10 men sur- 
prised him at a hunting bouse where be had just arrived 
with about 80 men. These having left their guns without 
their bouse, were seized by Winslow, who then compelled 
Alexander to go with him to Plymouth. This caused in hiiii 
an indignant languisbment, of which be died, as has been ob^ 
served. 

When Philip's war commenced, Mr. Winslow wrote to the 
Governourof Massachusetts as follows: "July 4, 1675. I 
do solemnly profess we know not any thing from us that 
ipight put Phfllp upon these motions, nor have heard that hv- 
pretends to have suffered any wrong from us, save only that 
we had killed some Indians and intended to send for himself' 
for the murder of John Sausaman [Sassamon.] The last 
that was executed this week confessed that he saw the other 
two do the murder. Neither bad we any thoughts to com- 
mand him in about it." See note 1, on page 26. 

Again he writes, "I think I can clearly say vthat before* 
these present troubles broke out, the English did not possess 
one foot of land in this colony, but what was fairly obtained 
by honest purchase of the Indian proprietors: Nay, because 
some of our people are of a covetous disposition, and the In- 
dians are in their straits easity prevailed with to part witli 
their lands, we first made a law that none should purchase 
or receive by gift, any land of the Indians without the know- 
ledge and allowance of our court," &c. Hubbard, 66. Thus 
justice appears to have been aimed at by the leaders in gov- 
ernment, from its beginning, but does not appear to have- 
effectually prevented the private abuses of individuals, 
which was, no doubt, impossible. The remark of Mr. Ma- 
kin I will lay before the reader that be may judge how far it 
is correct, and whether the contrast be so great between the 
treatment of the Indians in Newengland and Pennsylvania, 
as to deserve what follows.. (See Appendix, XIII.^ 

'* On just and equal terms the land was. gauL'-d,*:- 
No force of arms hus any ri^ht obtaiu'd : 
'Tis here without the use of arms, alone. 
The blesa'd inhabitant enjoys his own ; 
Here many, to their wish, in peace enjoy 
Their happy lots, and nothing doth, annoy. 
But sad New England* s dif^'rent conduct show'd 
What dire e^cts from, injur 'd /ruUant tlow'd." 



PHILIPS WAR. 149 

divers parties of Indians. In one of which there wad 
a certain old man, whom Captain Church seejned to 
take particular notice of, and asking him where he 
belonged, he told him at Swanzey. The Captain 
asked his name, he replied, Consoience. Conscience, 
said the Captain, smiling, then the war is over; for 
ihat wasiwhat they were searching for, it being much 
wanted/and returned the said Conscience to his post 
again dt Swanzey, to a certain person [that] the said 
Indian desired to be sold to, and then returned 
home.* 

♦Nothing very brilliant, to be sure, occurred in those expe- 
ditions, if the author has given us the chief exploit of them^ 
all, and we may be satisfied that we have no more of thorn. Mr. 
Hubbard takes no notice of any a<7tions of Church after the tak^ 
ing of Annawon, which had tney been very important would 
not have escaped his attention. He tyloses the war in this 
c^nartfer with a few interesting exploits, the chief of which 
it will be proper to notice. In October one Mr. Stanton with 
three Indians came from Seconet and on the way beared ht 
a captive, that there were a number of the enemy not far on. 
The Indians leaving Mr. Stanton jiursued and took them alL 
Among them was an old man not able to go their pace, and 
they spared his life by his promising to come after. It ap- 
pears that those taken, were mostly women and children,, 
whose men were out a hunting. They soon returned, and the 
old man informed them of what had befel their friends, and 
they set out in pursuit of them, overtook them, and retook 
the prisoners. One friendly Indian was killed in the skir* 
mish, and the other two hardly escaped. * One of these wts 
called Major Symon, part Pequot* and part Narraganset. 
He was remarkable for nis strength and courage^ and at the 
first, offered to fight any five of the enemy hind to hjLiid with 
their hatchets, but they declined ; upon which he discharged 
his gun among them, and then rushed upon them with great 
fury, broke through them, and escaped with the other, with* 
out injury. Hubbard, 237, 238* 

13* 



FRENCH AND INDIAN 



WARS 



IH 



^ BETWEEN THE YEARS 1689, AND 1704; 

being] a fukthkr account of the actions in the morv 
lat£ wars against the common enemy and in- 
dian rebels, in the eastern parts, 
undeh the command of the 
aforesaid 

CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHURCH. 



In tte time of Sir Edinand Andross'* government; 
began that bloody war in the- eastern parts of New- 
england ; so that immediately Sir Edmund sent an 

* Andross was sent over as Governour of the province of 
Newyork, in 1674, by the Duke of York. Was appointed 
Crbvernour of Newengland, and arrived ia Boston, 20 De-r 
cemller 1684. Snaith, Hist N. Y. 63, gives a very just idea 
of his character in a very few words. " He knew no law, 
hut the will of his master, and Kirk and Jeiferies were not 
fitter instruments than he to execute the despotick projects 
of James 11.'^ And that "the historians of Newengiand 
justly transmit him to posteritv, under the odious character 
of a sycophantick tool to the Duke, and an arbitrary tyrant 
over the people committed to.his care." He was <!hecked ii^ 
the midst of his oppressive measures by the abdication of 
King«J<imes. This had been e:^pected by the colonies, and 
tiagerly wished for. The people of Boston on a report of the 
change in England, and without waiting/or its confirmation, 
daringly began the revolution in Newengiand. Andross and 
about 50 other obn<\;xiou8 persons were seized, and the old 
government reassumed. He- was afterwards Governour of 
Virjginia, and we hear but little more about him. He died 
in London, Feb, 24, 1713. Holmes, I, 475. His life is more 
/fsrticuJarljr ^iyea bj £liot> but Iw^et iiLd\«i\X«t \i^ AAlfcikj^ ^ 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS.^ !5X 

express for Captain Church, who then beiii,::^ alLiUkv 
couipton, received it on a Lord's day, in ih^ aft; •- 
noon meeting. Going home aftet meeting, [ i '• : ):r. 
his horse and set out for Boston, as orden^d ; -nd by 
sunrise next morning, got to Braintrce,* when, he 
met with Colonel Page on horseback, going to VVoy- 
mouth and Hingham to raise forces to go east. [HcP' 
said [that] he was glad to see him, mid that his ex- 
cellency would be as glad to see him in Boston so 
early. So parting he soon got to Boston, and waited 
upon his excellency, who informed him of an unhap- 
py war, broken out in the eastern parts ; and said, 
[tliatj he was going liimself in person, and that he 
wanted his company with him. But Captain Church 
not finding himself in the same spirit he used to have, 
said, [tliat] he hoped his excellency would give h'un 
time to consider of it. He told him he might ; and 
also said that he pust come and dine with him. 
Captain Church having many acquaintance in Boston, 
who made it their business, some to encourage, and 
others to discourage him from going with his excel- 
lency. So after dinner his excellency took him into 
his room, and discoursed freely ; saving, that he hav- 
ing knowledge of his former actions and successes, 
and that he must go with him, and be his second, 
with other encouragements. But in short, the said 
Captain Church did not accept, so was dismissed andj 
went home.f 

1 [who] 

* ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ « 

' * Formerly mount Wollaston, Its Indian name was Wes— 
sagusset. Jt is about 10 miles from Boston, and is renowned 
as the birth place of' John Adams, second President of the 
U. States, whose life and death add so much veneration to 
the auspiciouB Fochth of July. 

Though the residence of the President is nearly 4 miles 
from what was mount Wollaston, and in the present town of 
Quincy, yet it is believed, that it was anciently included 
in it. 

+ Notwithstanding, Andross undiertook an eastern expedi<- 
tion at the head of 7 or 800 men, and the enemy fled before 



^* 



152 i^RENCH AND tNDIAN WARS. 

Soon after this was the revolutioii* and the other 
govcnnnont reassumed, aiKi then Governour Brad- 
street • sent for Captahi (, liurch to come to Boston, 
as soon as his businesr, would permit ; whereupon he 
went to Boston and waited upou his honour, who told 
him [that] he was requested by the council to send 
for him, to sec if h(* could be prevailed with to raise 

him. " But, by establishing garrisons, by detaching nume- 
rous parlies, to attack their settlements, and destroy their 
scanty provisions, he reduced them to the greatest di-stress,. 
and secured the country from their incursions." Holmes, I, 
474. But he did as much mischief, or perhai)s more than he 
did good. He plundered Castine's house, a Frenchman, 
who had great mduencc among the Indians, which caused 
him to stir them up anew. Belknap, I, 196. 

* The change of government at home being mentioned in 
a preceding note it will be necessary here to take notice on- 
ly of its origin. King James II., in his efforts to establisli 
jjopery, overthrew himself. He published certain declara-, 
tions, with injunctions upon the clergy to read them to the 
people after service, which they refused. The Bishops in 
an address to the King, remonstrated that, they coultf not 
read his declarations consistent with their consciences ; and 
they were immediately prosecuted for a seditious libel. The 
people took great interest in their trial, and when they were 
acquitted the rejoicing was almost universal. At this very 
juncture, while the people were enraged against the King^ 
Wilham, Prince of Orange, who had married Mary, eldest 
daughter of King James, landed in England with*^ an im- 
mense army from Holland, and were^ proclaimed M'ithout 
opposition. The old King with much dimculty effected his 
escape to France. Goldsmith's Hist. England.. 

t Simon Bradstreet was born in Lincolnshire, England, ia 
Maich 1603, and lived to be the oldest man in Newengland. 
Alter marrying a daughter of Thomas Dudlej', he was per- 
suaded to make a settlement in Mas. '.chusetts.- In 1630 he 
was chosen assistant of the colony, and arrived at Salem the 
same year. He was in several important offices, and aj; 
length succeeded Governour Leverett in the chief magis- 
traey of Massachusetts^ in which office he continued until the 
arrival of Andross, when he was superseded ; but Andross, 
in 1689, being put down, Mr. Bradstreet again assumed the 
government, and continued in it until the arrival of Sir 
frn/Jam PMps, in 1692. He died in Salem, March 1^97, 
^ed 94jreara. Allen, and Eliot. 



JfJ^RENCl! ANi) INDlAlS' WARS: 153' 

volunteers, both English and Indians to go east ; for 
the eastward Indians had done great spoil upon the 
English in those parts ; giving him an account of the 
nfiiseries and offerings of the people there. Captain 
Church's spirits being affected, said, if he could da 
any service for his honour, the country, and their re-* 
lief, he was ready and willing. He was asked how' 
he would act 9 He said [that J he would take with 
him as many of his old soldiers as he could get, both 
English and Indians, &c. The gentlemen of Boston 
requested him to go to Rhodeisland government to 
ask their assistance. So giving him their letter,, and' 
about forty shillings in money, he took leave and 
went home to Bristol* on a Saturday ; and the next 
l^iv^iKltty moraiiig Lg v-ont r.vf.r To Khddeislind, nivjl' 
waited upon their Governour,f delivering the letter 
as ordered, [and] prayed his honour for a speedy an- 
swer, who said, they could not give an answer pre- 
sently ; so he waited on them till he had their answer^' 
And when he had obtained it, he carried it to the 
Boston gentlemen, wlio desired him to raise what vo-- 
lunteers he could in Plymoutli colony, and Rhode- 
island government, and what was wanting they would 
make up out of theirs that were alr<iady out in tha 
eastern parts. 

The summer being far spent, Captairt Church made^ 
what despatch he could, and raised about two hun-- 
dred and fifty men, volunteers, and received his com- 
mission from Governour Hinkleyf which is as fol- 

lowcth, viz. : 

■ • I.. , . . . 

• He setUed at Bristol soon after Philip's war. See his life 
pagft xr. 

t We may infer from Judge Sewall's diary, in Holmes, I, 
4^68', that, one Clark was the Governour of Khodeisland in 
ICSi), on the arrival of Andross, who of course was displaced. 
But in May of this year^ 1680, it was resumed, and all the ge- 
neral oflicers replaced, lliid. 476. I have not even learned his 
baptismal name. A good history of Rhodeisland is a very 
desirable Work. 

J Thomas Hinkley was horn about the year 1^632. I find 
no mention ci him, ui\\.\\ \\<t ^svxxci^^ VJaft. '^n^-v^ss^k^v^'s^. 



i 64 fKRHUCK AND INDi AN VtjA6. 

" The Council of War of tlieir Mcyesties^ colony of 
J^ew Fly mouth in jXeioengland : To Major Ben* 
jamin Church,' Cathmander in Chief, 

Whereas the Kennebeck aiid eastern Indians with 
iheir confederates, have openly made war upon their 
Majesties' subjects of the province of Maine, New- 
hompshire, and of the Massachusetts colony, having 
committed niany barbarous murders, spoils and ra- 
pines upon thieir person^ and estates. And whereat 
there are some forces of soldiers, English and In- 
dians, now raised and detached out of the several 
regiments and places within this colony of New 
Plymouth, to go forth to the assistance of our neigh- 
bours and friends, of the aforesaid provinces and 

Jiolony of the MnsLsachuialljiv fsnliiG/>tc rS onfl apri 

tlie same crovi^h ; ana to join with tiieir forces for thd 
repelling and destruction of the common enemy. 
And whereas you Benjamin Church, are appointed 
to be Major, and commander in chief of all the for^ 
ces, English and Indians, detached within this colony, 
for the service of their Majesties aforesaid. THESE 
are in their Majesties' name to authorize and require 
you to take into your care R,nd conduct all the said 
forces, tilnglish and Indians, and diligently to attend 
that service, by leading and exercising of your infe- 
Hour officers and soldiers, commanding them to obey 
you as their chief commander; and to pursue, fight, 
take, kill, or destroy the said enemies, their aiders 
and abettors, by all the ways and means you c!in, as 
you shall have opportunity. And you are to observe 
and obey all such orders and instructions as from 
time to time you shall receive from the commission- 
ers of the colonies, the council of war of this colony, 
or the Governour and council of the Massachusetts 

!'--'■ I i_ I II I I . 1 _ I ■ ■ _ -* i , 

♦ftther the presidency of Plymouth colony after the fall of 
Andross, the Caligula of Newengland^ in 1C89. Hecohtinu- 
ed in this office until 1692, when SirWilUarn Phip5 arriveit? 
He died at Barnstable, in 1706, aged about 74 years. Mor- 
io^^ 208, HalchinsoB, II, 141. 



FRSirCH AND INDIAN WARS, 155 

colony. In testimony whereof the publick seal of 
the said colony of New Plymouth is hereunto affij^ed. 
Dated in Plymouth, the sixth day of .September, 
Anno Domini, 1689. Annoque Re^ni Regis et licgi- 
fi(B ffiUielmi et Alarue Anglian <^-c., rrimo.* 

THOMAS HINKLEY, rresidenL"^ 

And now marching them all down to Ro.^ton, tlien 
received his further orders and instt uciioiis, which 
are as folio wetli. 

''Boston, September IC/i, T0S9. 

To all SI:eri§^s, Marshals, Constables, aid o'lier 
officers, rmlUcry and civil, in their JSiajcbiyui pro^ 
vince of Maim. 

Whereas pursuant to an agreement of the com- 
fnissioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjaroift 
Church is commissionated commander iji chief over 
that part of their Majesties' forces, (levied for the 
present expedition against the common enemy) whose 
head quarters are appointed to be at Falmouth, in 
Casco bay. In their Majesties' name<<, yon, and 
every of you, are required to be aiding and assisitiiig 
to the said Major Church in his pursuit of the ene- 
my, as any emerge icy shall require; and so imjx-eii 
boats or other vessels, carts, carriages, hordes, oxen, 
provision and ammunition, and men for guides, <fcc., 
as you shall receive warrants from tlie said Com- 
mander in chief, or his Lieutenant so to do. You 
may npj; fail to do the same s]>eedily and efrcctuallyy 
as you will answer your ne^rlect and contempt of 
their Majesties' authority and service at your utter- 
most peril. Given under my hand and seal the day 

* That is. And of the reign of the King and Queen, iVil* 
liam and Mary of England, S^e,, th^ first. 



ir>6 'FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS- 

and year above wrilt/^n. •Onnoque Regni Regis ei 

Jxeginte Williemi et Alarue i'rimo. 

By TilOMAS DANFORTH,* 
President of the province of /ifoinc." 

*^ By the Ciovoriioar and Council of , Massachusetts ^ 
To Major JJenjamin Church. 

Whereas you ore appointed and commissioned 
by the council of war. of the colony of New-Ply- 
mouth, cpininujider in chief of the force?; raised with- 
in the said colony, Jigrainst the common Indian ene-% 
my, noiv ordered into the eastern parts to join with 
some ef the forces of this colony ; for the prosecu- 
tion, repelling and subduing of the said enemy. It 
h therefore ordered that Ca]>tain Simon Willard, 
and Captain Nathaniel Hall, with the two companies 
of soldiers under their several commands, blonging 
to this colony, now in or about Casco bay, be, and 
arc iieveby put under you, as their commander in 
chief for this present expedition. And of the com 
missions severally given to either of them, they are 
ordered to observe and obey your orders and direc- 
tions as their commander in chief until further order 
from the Govern our and council, or the commission- 
ers of the colonies. Dated in Boston tlie 17th day 
of September, Anno Domini, 1698. Annoque Regni 

* This gentleman was born in England 1622. He was a 
man of influence, which he employed to good account in the 
difficult days of Newengland. In 1679 he was elected depu- 
ty Governour, and the same year, the inhabitants of the 
province of Maine chose him their President. On the arri- 
val of the tyrant, An dross, he was suspended from office. 
He died in 1699, aged 77 years. Nothing more honourable^ 
perhaps, can be said of him, considering the age in which h^ 
lived, than, that he opposed with firmness the proceedings o^* 
those courts, which caused such a foul pa^e in our history by 
their detestable prosecutions and persecutions for vntchcrajl, 
Sec Allen, Biog. 240. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 157 

Siegis et RegifUB GuUidmi et MaruB^ AngUa, fyc, 
yPrimo. 

S. BRADSTREET, Gov. 

. Past in Council. Attest, Isaac Addington,* Secr.^^ 

m 

• R 

•" By the Commissioners of the Colonies of the Mas- 
sachusetts, Plj/mouth aitd Connecticui,for manag" 
ing the present war against tlie common enemy. 

Ihstructions/or Major Benjamin Church, Ctwnman- 
der in Chief of 1^ Plymouth forces, with others 
of tJie Massachusetts, put under his command. 

• In pursuance of the commission given you, for 
fthoir Majesties' service in the present expedition . 
against the common Indian enemy, their aiders and 
abettors ; r<? posing confidence in your wisdom, pru- 
dence and fidelity in the trust committed to you for 
ihe honour of God, good of his people, and the se- 
curity of the interest of Christ in his churches, ex- 
pecting and praying that m your dependence upon . 
him, you qiay be helped and assisted with all tliat 
,grace and wisdom which is requisite for csirrying 
you on with success in this difficult service ; and 
■though much is and mui^t be left to your discretion, 
fls proividcnce and opportunity may present from 
time to time in places of attendance ; yet the fol- 
lowing instructions are commended unto your ob- 
servation, and to be attended to so far as the state 
of matters with you in such a transaction will admit 
You are with all possible sixied to take care that tnc 

•Mr. Addington was one of tboke who took a very active 
part in op))osition to the tyrannical measures of Andross. 
On the accession of WilLam aa^J Mary he was appointed Sec- 
• retary, which office he discharged with integrity for some 
l.mp. It seems that in those days, as well as at tfie present, 
office seekers were not entirely unknown, but, "the emolTv . 
Tucntrt of that office were small, compared with the duty, and 
fo he was in less danger of a competitor." He belonged to 
the council for many years, and w^s respected as a: justice 
pflhe peace for wisdom and industry, lie died in 1714. * 

i4 . 



168 t'RENCH AND INDIAN WA»S. 

Pljmiouth forces, both English and Indians undet 
your command, be fixed, and ready, and the first op- 
{lortunity of wind and weather, to go on board such 
vessels as are provided to transport you and theni[ 
to Casco, where, if \t shall please God you arrive, 
you are to take under your care a^ command, the 
companies of Captain Nathaniel Hall, and Captaia 
Simon Willard, who V^ ordered to attend your com* 
mand, whom, together with the Plymouth forces 
and such as from tiine to time may be added unto, 
you, you are to improve ii;i sucH^ way as you shall 
see meet, for the discovering, pursuing, subduing- 
and destroying ^he said common enemy, by all op-, 
portunities you are capably of; sJways intending the 
preserving of any of the neaif towqs fK>n\ incuu^Vohs, 
and destruction of the en^my ; yet chiefiy improving^, 
your men for the finding and following the said 
enemy abroad, and if possible to find out and attack 
their head q^uartcrs and principal rendezvo^8, if you 
(ind you are in a rational capacity for so doing. 
The better to enable you thereto, we have ordered 
two men of war sloops, and other small vessels for. 
transportation to attend you for some considerable, 
time. You are to see that your soldiers^ arms be 
always fixed and that they be furnished with ammu* . 
fiition, provisions and o^hcr necessaries, that so they 
niay be in readiness to repel and ^ttapk the enemy. 
In your pursuit you are to take special care to avoid 
danger by ambushments; or being drawn under any 
disadvantage by the enemy in your marches, keep- 
ing out scouts and a forlorn hopo before your main 
body, and by all possible means endeavouring to 
surprise some t>f the enemy, that so you may gain 
Intelligence. You arc to suppress all mutinies and 
disorders anions your soldiers, as much as in you 
lies, and to punish such as disobey your ofiicers, ac- 
cording to the rules of war herewith given you. 

You are according to your opportunity, or any , 
occasion more than ordinary occurring, to hold cot* 



ie^ENCH AND INPIAN WARft 159 



Vespondence with Major Swaine, and to yield mutual 
assistance when, and as you are capable of it, and 
^ou may have reason to iudge it will be of mott 
publick service, and it will be meet, [that] you and 
he should agree o^ some si^al, whereby Jrour In* 
dians may be known from me enemy. Voii JEire to 
encourage your soldiers to be industrious, vigorous, 
and venturous in their service, to search out and 
destroy the enemy, acquainting them, it is agreed 
by the several colonies, that they shall have the 
benefit of the captives, and all lawful plunder, and 
the reward of eigU pounds per head, for every 
lighting Indian man slain by them, over and above 
their stated wages; the same being made appear to 
the commander in chief, or such as shall be appoint- 
ed to take care therein. If your commission officers, 
>>r Uny of them should be slain, or otherwise incapa-« 
-ble of service, and for such reason dismissed, you 
arc to appoint others in their room, who shall hav^ 
the like wages, and a commission sent upon notice 
given ; you [are] to give them commissions in t(id 
mean time. You are to take effectual care that the 
Worship of God be kept up in the army ; morning 
and evening prayer attended as far as may be, and 
as the emergencies of your affairs will admit ; to 
see that the holy Sabbath be duly sanctified. You 
are to take care as much as may be, to prevent or 
punish drunkenness, swearing, cursing or such other 
sins as do provoke the anger of God. You are to 
advise with your chief officers in any matters of 
moment, as you shall have opportunity. You are 
from time to time to give intelligence and advice to 
the Govemour and council of tl^ Massachusetts, or 
commissioners of the colonies, of your piv^ceedings 
and occurrences that may happen, and how it shall 
please the Lord to deal with you in this present ex- 
pedition. If you find the vessels are not likely to 
be serviceable to you, dismiss them as soon as yoa 
may. 



i 



100 FREirCH AND INDIAN #ARS, 

Captain Sylvanus Davi« is a prudent maa an(} welP- 
acqtiaihYcd with the affairs of those parts, and is^ 
Written unto to advise and informyou aH he can. - 

Such further instructions as we shall see reason- 
tb send unto you, you are carefully to attend and 
observe ; and m the absence of the commissioners^ 
you shall observe the orders and instructions direct- 
ed unto you from the Governour and council of tlie 
Massachusetts. 

CHven under our hands in Boston^ Sept. 18, 1689. 

THOMAS DANFORTH, Prerideht- 

SXISHA COOKE, 

SAMU£L mason. 

WILLIAM PITKIN, 

THO. HINKLHY, 

iOHN WALLEY.'* 



' THE FIRST EXPEDITION EAST.- 

Being ready, Major Church embarked witli his 
forces on board tlie vessels provided to transport 
them for Casco,^ Having a brave gale at south- 
west, and on Friday about three o'clock, they got 
in sight of Casco harbour. And discovering two or 
three small ships there, [and] not knowing whether 
they were friendff or enemies, whereupon the said 
commander, Major Church, gave orders that every 
man that was ableshould make ready, and all lie close ; 
giving orders haw they should act m case they were - 
enemies. He, going in the Mary sloop, together witir 
the Resolution, went in first, being both well fitted 
with< guns and meut Coming., to the first, hailed 
them, who said, tliey were friends ; presently man- 
ned their boat, brought to, and so came along the 

* What was since xncladed in the towns of Falmouth, Cape 
Elizabeth and Portland, was called Caseo^ It is situated on 
Casco hay. This hay at its entrance between Cape Por- 
poise and Cape Elizabeth is about 40 miles wide. Sullivan's 
Joist. Maine, 13, In Philip's war depredations were com- 
miifrji A/ire hj the savages and in^iay ifwt ViW^^. \Vi, A%^^ 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 161 

side of [him.]^ [They]^ gave the said Church an 
account, that yesterday there was a very great army 
of Indians, and French with them upon the island,* 
at the going out of the harbour, and that they were 
come on purpose to take Casco fort and town ; j like- 
wise informeid him that they bad got a captive wo- 
man aboard, (Major Walden'sf daughter,of Piscata- 
■ i[them.] 8 [who] 

• There are about 300 islands in Caaco bay. What the 
name of this was I have not learned. 

tis this the "body of 600 Indians,** mentioned by Bet» 
knap, N. H. I, 367, that were going to attack Casco r I do 
not find any thing like it in the place it should be. He cites 
'< Church's memoirs^ 104,'* perhaps he used the first edition 
of this history, as no mention of any thing of the kind is seen 
in the secona. In touching upon the operations under Church 
in 1704, he says, " while tney were at Mountdesert Church 
learned firom 9 of his prisoners" of the body of Indians just 
named. It will be seen in the Fifth Expediticn^ that Lot' 
faure's son informed Church at Montinicus> of some Frencb 
and Indians " that were to eo westward to fieht the Eng- 
lish," but nothing of the kind took place at Mountdesen, 
nor any information from " 9 prisoners," or that the espedi* 
lion was to attack Casco. 

I Waldron is now the correct way of writing this name* 
Hubbard wrote it as our author does, but more frequently 
with an r after the e. Some other historians put the r before 
the e, so we are at a loss how the name was originally sp^ 

Major Richard Waldron was a natiTe of Somersetshire, 
Bngland, and was one of the first settlers at Cochecho, now 
Dover, Newhampshire. The tragical death of this note^l 
man is given by Dr. Belknap, Hist. N. H. 1, 197, 198 ; bat m 
that excellent work is not in the hands of many, it may be 
proper to give the particulars in this place. At the close of 
Philip^ war, many of the western Indians fled to the east* 
ward. Some of them, with others of Fennaoook and Pig- 
wocket, had assembled at Major Waldr^n's with whom they 
had li^ly treated. Captains Syll and , Hawthorne, being 
despatched by the Massachusetts^ Kovernment against the 
In£ans on the Kennebeck, arrived therewith uieir men, 
under orders to seize all Indians that had been concerned in 
the war. They were about to execute their orders by seis- 
ing these Indians, but Maj. Waldron formed the design of 
taking' them in a sham training, whichhe had w>^^^^^i&^=«s>^ 

14* 



162 ntEKCH AND INDIAl^ WAHS. 

qua) that could give him a foil account of their 
numbers and intentions. lie bid them give his serf 

to join in. Acconlinglv all were taken, in number about 400. 
Those that were not found to have been in the former war 
were dismissed, and the rert were wnt to Boston. About 8 
or 10 were hanged as murderers, and the rest sold into slave- 
ry. This was the latter part ^f 167.6. Now 13 years had 
expired, but revenge remained in the breasts of those tribes 
whose friends had oeen so cruelly treated,. They thcrpforc 
formed the design to destroy all the garrisons at Cochecho, 
which was thus artfully concerted. Two squaws were to • 
get permission to lodge in each, and after adl was still in 
the dead of night, they were to open the ddors for their 
friendsw No fear was discovered' among the English, . and 
the squaws were admitted. One of tnose admitted into 
Waldron^s garrison, reflecting, perhaps, on the ingratitude 
she was about to be guilty of, tnou^ht to warn the Major of 
his danger. She pretended to be lU^.and a^ she lie on the 
floor would turn herself from side to side, as though to ease 
herself of pain that she pretended to have. \Vhile in this 
exercise she began to sing and repeat the following verse* . 

" O Major Waldo, 

You great Sagamore, 

O what will you do,. * 

Indians at your door!" 

No alann was taken at thi?, and the doors were opened* 
according to their plan, and the enemy, rushed in with great' 
fury. They found the Major's room as he leaped out of bed,, 
hut with his sword he drove them through two. or three- 
rooms, and as he turned to get some other 8*':ns, he fell stun- 
ned bv a blow with the hatchet. They dragged him into 
his hail and seated him on a table in a^great cliair, and then • 
began to cut his flesh in a shocking manner. Some in turns 
sauied his naked breast, saying," I cross out my account." ' 
Then cutting a- joint from a. finger, would say, ^^ Will your - 
list weigh a pound now?"* His nose and ears were then cut . 
off and forced into his month. He soon fainted, ,and fell (rom 
his seat, and one held . his own sword under him, which paii^ 
sed through 'his body, and he expired. The family were • 
Ibrced to provide them a supper, while they were murdering 

the 

* It is a tradition conrerning M&jor Walditm, tbM h« usad in trading 

with the Indians, to count hia fkt as w<M^hing a pound, also that hia ac*- 

counta were false and not croaaed out acoording to agreement. But in 

' Justice to the Major, it should, be remembered, that aUroage Indians, who 

thought themaelweg injured by. one EngUA^man, ^Q>iUi taka cevea^iQ on thft 

A-Mt thta m into thoir haodi. 



FRENeH AND INDIAN WAftS. 169 

Tree to their captain, aiitl foil him, [that] he would 
wail upon him after he had been on shore and given 
some orders and directions. Being come pretty 
near, he ordered all the men still to keep close; 
giving an account of the news [which] he had re- 
ceived, and then went ashore; where were seve- 
ral of the chief men of the town, who met him, be- 
ing glad that he came so happily to their relief; 
told him the news [that] Mrs. Lee* had given them, 
being the woman aforesaid. 

lie [went]^ to Captain Davis,f to get some refresh- 
ment, having not eaten a morsel since he came by 
Boston castle. And now having inquired into the 
state of the town, found them in a poor condition to 
defend tliemselves against such a number of enemies. 
He gave them an account of his orders and instruc- 
tions, and told them what forces he had brought, and 

^ [going] 

-the Major. This was on Thursday 27 June, 1689. Major 
Waldron was 80 years old when killed. Fifty two persons 
were killed, and taken captive, of the former were 9S. MS.. 
Accoliections. 

* Daughter of IMajor Waldron, as mentioned above. She- 
was taken the same time her father was killed, as related in- 
the last note. Her husband's name was Abraham Lee, whO' 
was killed when the garrison was taken. 

t Ctiptain Sy Wanus Davis, the same mentioned in the pre- 
ceding instruction^;.. By Hutchinson, II, Si, it appears 
that he wan once taken prisioner and carried to Cana(fa, and 
that he commandedthe fort at Casco from which he was ta- 
ken, which, I suppose, was in. 1690 ; for in that year the 
country upon the. bay was desolated. There were a^ onmbcr 
of garrisons, and a Ibrt, but were all taken^. Captain Davis 
with one Captain Lake were besieged on Arrowsike i.>-land 
in 1676) but eifectf d their escape out of the back door of a 
house, and ran to the water's edge, and in a boat fled to the 
nearest land. C»)t. Lake was shot down aj; he Janded, but 
Davis escaiied witn a wound. The body of Lake was after- 
ward fount I, .and conveyed away by Major Waldron. Da- 
▼i{>, on the arrival of Gov. Pbips, in 1692, was appointed one 
of the coun!:ellors for the eastern country. How long he con- 
tinued in ihat office is not known to me, but by Sullivan, 167^ 
it appears that he sustained it vcl \.1^\. ^ 



164 9UateA AND tNDIAII WAft& 

that when it was dark they should all land, and not 
before, lest the enemy should discover them. And 
then he went on board the privateer [which was «. 
Dutchman.]' But as he went, called on board every 
vessel, and ordered the officers to take care that their 
men might be all fitted and provided to fight ; for 
the people of the town expected the enemy to fall 
upon them every minute. But withal, charging them 
to keep undiscovered. 

And, coming on board said privateer, was kindly 
treated. [HeT discoursed [with] Mrs. Lee, who in- 
formed him, tnat the company she came with, had 
four score canoes, and that there were more of them, 
whom she had not seen, which came from other pla- 
ices, and that they told her, when they came all to- 
gether, should make up seven hundred men. He 
asked her whether Casteen* was with them? She 
answered, that there were several French men with 

9 [who were Datchmen) 

* Baron De St. Castine, a very estraordinary character. 
According to. Voltaire and the Abbe Ri^nal he had been 
Colonel of the reeiment of Corignon, in France, and wa» a 
man of family and fortune. He came to America in 1670^ 
•ad settled among the Penobscot Indians ; married adaugh* 
ter of the chief, and had several other wives. By the treaty 
of Breda, the territory bevond the Penobscot was ceded to 
France^ and Castine livea within that country. Sbme diiA- 
calty arose about a cargo of wine, which was landed in the 
country, and anew line was mn by the Eftigttsh, by which 
the place of landing, together with Castine^ lands, wasti^ 
ken within the E^iu^sh claim. Andross, in his expeditidn 
before named, plundered Castine's house of every thing valu- 
able in his absence. This base act so exaqierated Um, that 
he used his exertions to inflame the Indiaus^ a|^n8t the Engu 
lish, which he effectually did, and their chief supplies of 
arms and ammunition were furnished by him. He had an 
estate in France, to which he retired when the French lost 
their possessions in that part of the country. See Sullivan^s 
Hist. 9S, 158, 336. Hist. N. H. I, 195, i9«. If we name 
this war from those that occasioned it, we may call it Cas- 
tine's war. But the French, perhaps^ would dul it Andrass** 
war. . 



ipRENCH AND INDIAN WAfeS. 1 6ff 

ineth, bCit did not know whether Ca<teen was there 
or not. He then having got what intelligence she 
could give him, went ashore ami viewed the fort anrf 
town ; discoursing with the* gentFemen there accof d* 
ing to his instruction^. 

And when it began to grow dark, he ordered the; 
vesFels to come as near the fort as might bi3, and land 
the soldiers with as Kttlc, noise as possible ; ordering' 
tiiem.as they landed to go into the fort and houses, 
that stood near, that so they might be ready upon 
Occasion'. • Having ordered provisions for tliem, [h^] 
^'ent to every company and ordering them, to get 
every thing ready ; they tliat had no powdcrhorns pr 
shotbags, should immediately make tlicm ; ordering 
the oflicers to take special care that they were ready 
to march into the woods an hour before day ; and 
also directing the watch to call him two- hours be* 
fore day. So ho hastened to bed to get some rest. 

At the time prcifised ho was called and presently 
ordering the companies to make ready, and about 
half an hour before day they mr^ved. Several of the 
town's pcopls v/ewt with then! into a thick filace of 
brush about half a mile from the towm . Now order-' 
ing dicm to send out their scouts as tliey used to do, 
and seeing tTicih all settled at their work, he went in-' 
to twvn by stinrise again, and desifcd'the inhabiUmtsi^^ 
try tuke care of themselves, till his men Had fitted 
themse!Vcs with some necessari€^g ; for his Indians,- 
mosfc of them, wanted both bags and horns. So he" 
ordered tliem to make bags liko wallets, to pUt' pow-- 
dor in One end, and shot in the other. 

So most of them were ready for action, viz., the 
Seconet Indians, bnf the Cape Indiana were very 
bare, lying so long at IJoston before they embarked^ 
that they had sold every thing [tiiat] they could make 
a penny of; some tying shot and powder in the cor- 
ners 01 their blankets. 

lie being in town, just going to breakfast, thcra 
was an alarm 5^ so he oxderctl all the soldiers in town to 



i(S6 FBENCH AND INDIAN WAR^; 

biove away as fast as they could, where the firiiig 
was. And he, With what men more were with him of 
Ins soldiers, nioved.inimediately. [They metp with 
Captain Bracket's* sons, who told [them that,p theiif 
father was taken ; and that ihi^y saw a great army df 
tndians in their father'^s orchai4» &c* By this time 
bur Indians that wanted bags and horns wefe fitted, 
out wanted more ammunition. Presently came a 
messenger to hiih firom the town, and informed him^ 
that they had knocked out the heads of several casks 
idf bullets, and they were all too big, beins musket 
bullets, and would not fit their guns, and mat if he 
did not go back hittisislf, a great ^art of the army 
would be kept back fi-om service for want of suitable 
bullets. 

He ra!n back and ordered every v^ssbl to send 
^hore all ]ft'dr ea^ks of bullets; being brought, 
{they] knocked out their heads, and turned them all 
but upon the green by the fort, and set all the peo- 
ple in the town, that were able, to make slugs; being 

* 1 X^xi^ meeting] ^ tkim) ^ 

■ '■ . ■ • . ■ : ' • -t-fc 

* Captain Anthony Bracket, an early settleir on Casco bay» 
where nid posteritj yet remain. Notice is taken by Sullivan , 
116, that tne family were considerable landholders in Fal-" 
mouth, between the years 1680, and 16^, nnder a title of 
the gomernment, sienedby president Danforth. lh« 196, 197* 
When Casco was destroy eo in 1S76, Captain Braeket with 
lifs Wife and one child Was taken by the savages* This was 
on the 1 1 August, and the November ibllowina they m^^de 
their escape. Those that had them prisoners, landed then^ 
on the north shore of the bay, and here their keepers had in- 
telligence of a valuable house, taken by another party, the 
spoiu of which they were eager to share ; therefore, leaving 
Bracket, his wife and child, and a negro, with tome provi- 
aions, who promited that they would come after, and depart*- 
ed. They fbimd an old birch canoe, in which they escaped 
to the other ade of the bay, where, only the day before the 
enemy had left. Here they got on board a vessel bound to 
Pascata5ina, where they arrived safe. Hubbard, 393 to 39G. 
What time Bracket returned to his lands does not appear. 
When Androfls erected forts there in 1688, Captaia Brack- 
et was pot in command of th: ee. SuUivan^ 360. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 167 

inost of them too large for their use, which had like 
to have been the overthrow of their whole armj-. 
He finding some small bullete, and what slugs were 
inade, and three knapi^acks of powder, went imme- 
diately to the army, which was very l^o^tly engaged. 
But coming to the river the tide was up ; he cdleJ 
to his men that were engaged, encouraging them,i 
find told them [thi^t] he had brought li^ore ammuni- 
tion for them. An Ii^di^t called Captain Lightfoot,* 
foid down his gun, find caiiie over the river, taking 
this powder upon his head, and a kettle of bullets in 
each hand, and fi^ot safe to his fellow soldiers. 

Hp perceiving great fiving upon that side, he was 
of, went tq see who they werq, aqd found them to be 
two of Major Church'9 companies,' pne'of English 
and the other of Indians, boiqg iaall about four score 
men, that had not got over the river, but lay firing 
over our men's heads at the enemy. He presently 
ordered them to rally, and come all together, and 
gave the word for a Caspp man. So one Swarton, a 
Jersey man,f appearing, whom he could hardly un- 
derstand. He askefl him how far it was to the head 
of the river^ or whether there were any place to get 
over ? He sfud [ih^t] there was^ a bridge about three 
quarters of'ii'mile up, where they might get over. 
So he calling to his soldiers, engaged on the other 
side, that hp would §ioon be with them over the 
bridge* an4 come i^pon the backs of the enemy, 
which pi^i new courage into them. So they imme- 
diately nibyed up towards the bridge, marching very 
thin ; beiii|i willing to'^fpoke what show they could ; 
shouting as th'qy matched. They saw the enemy 
running firom the rive^ side, where they had made 
stands with wood to prevent any body from coming 
over the river ; and coming to the bridge, they saw 
on the other side, Ihat the enemy had laid logs, and 

* See note H on ptgt lOO. 
t AUi Iriahmaa; 



JI08 PRENCH AND INDLVN WARS- 

stuck birch brush along to bide themselves from our 
view. 

He ordered the company Id corpe altogether, bid- 
ding them all to run aller hiip, who would go first j 
and tliat as soon a? they got over t!io bridge, to scat^ 
ter ; that so they might not be all sliot do\yn tor 
gether ; expecting the enemy to be at their stands. 
So runhing up to the stands, f )unl none there, but 
(Were just gone: the ground bclnij much tumbled 
with them bohiufJ tlie said stun Is. lie ordered 
■the Captain with his company of Englis'i to mi^.rch 
down to our men, ru:^L!?[ .^d, w.i.l iliat tliov sliou!.! keep 
^tIou": uoon th« cdit'j cl' ;fie ni::r^ii, and him:ielf, with 
his Indian soldi th^ v.ould rnajch do.vn tlirough the 
brush. And coming to a p:ircel of low ground, 
v.hich had bcon forimrlv burnt, the old brush bein;? 
i-xilcn down, Jay very thick, and the young brusii 
being grown up, made it bid tiavolling. But com- 
ing near the back of t'lc enemy, one of his men call- 
ed unto him, (their commander) and sai:l, " Thd ene- 
my run Vi'estward to 2ot between us and the bridge." 
Aiid he looking that way, saw men running; and 
making a small stop, heard no firing, but a great 
.chopping with hatchets ; so concluding the fight was 
over, made the best of their way to t!ie bridge a^ain ; 
lest the enemy should get over tlie bi*idge into the 
Xown. 

The frton being most of th^m out, four ammuni- 
tion lay exposed) [and] coming to the Widge" where 
lie left six Indians for an ambuscade on the other side 
of the river, that if any enemy oflTered to conie over, 
they should fire at thorn, which would give him notice ; 
so would come to their assistance. (Biit in the way, 
having heard no firing, nor shouting, concluded the 
criemy were drawn off.) He asked the ambuscade 
%vhcther they saw any Indians'? they sc^id "Yes, 
abundance." He aske4 theqi where ? They answer- 
ed, that they ran over the head of the river by the 



J? KENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 169 

^edar. swamp, and were running into the neck to 
'Wards the town. 

There being but one Fjiglishman with him, he bid 
h\8 Indian soldiers scatter, [andj run very thin, to 
preserve themselves and be the better able to make 
n discovery of the enemy. And soon coming to 
l^ieutenant Clark's* field, on the south side of the 
neck, and seeing the cattle feeding quietly, and per* 
ceiving no- track, concluded the ambuscade had told 
them a falsehood. They hastily returned back to 
the said bridge, perceiving [thatj there was no noise 
•of the enemy. 

He hearing several great guns fire at the town, 
concluded that they were either assaulted, or that 
they had discovered the enemy ; [ — Y h'-'^^i^g order- 
,ed that in case such should be, tliat they should fire 
some of their groat gjns to give him notice. He 
bsing a stranger to the coimtry, concluded [that] the 
enemy had, by some other way, got to the town ; 
whereupon he sent his m3nto the town, and himself 
going to the river, near where the fight had been, 
asked thiim how they did, and what was become of 
the enemy 9 [Thevj^ informed him that the enemy 
drew otf in less than an hour after he left them, and 
had not fired a gun at them since. He told them 
[that] he haJ been witliiii little more than a gun 
shot of the back of th^i enomy, and had been upon 
them, had it not been f )r thick brushy ground, &-c. 
Now son?[3 of his mna xeturniag from the town, 
gave him the account, that they went while tlieysaw 
J [He] 2 [Who] 

^ ' I— ^^^MM ■■■! .1 » ■.■■■l_l. 1,1 , ■■■ .■■-■■i^.l, ■■^,■1, ■— — ^^^ 

* The name of Ciarl: occurs early among; the first claimcfs 
•of the soil in this part of .the country. To Thomas Claik 
ami Roger S j^ncevy was sold th°. isla nl ;?f Arrowseag, as the 
Iniiians called it, but the Engliph, Arrowsike. It app nri 
also thit Ciark poivsesscd lantl^ Oii the main, from whencfj he 
was driven in 1(575. Sullivan, 145, 169,173. This if not 
the fiaino may be a relative. Mother, Mag;, 524, informs us, 
that one Lieut. Clark was killed bore in a sally in May, 
169v). 

15 



\ 



no WlENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

the colours standing, and men walking about as not 
molested. He presently ordered that all his army^ 
should pursue the enemy, but they told him that 
most of them had spent their ammunition ; and that 
if the enemy had engaged them a little longer, they 
might have come and knocked them on the head ; 
and that some of their bullets were so unsizeable, 
that some of them were forced to make, slugs w;hile. 
they were engaged. 

He then oi5erod them to get over all th^ womided 
and dead men, and to leave nor^e behind, which was. 
done by son\e canoes they had got. Captain Hallf^ 
and his men being first engaged, did grea^t service, 
and suffered the greatest loss in his men. But Cap- 
tain SouthworthjJ with his company, and Captain 
Numposh with the Seconet Indians, and tixe most of 
the men belonging to the. town all coming suddenly 
to his relief, prevented him and hi& wliole company 
from being cut off, dpc 

By this time the day was far spent, and marching 
into town about sunset, carrying in all their wounded 
and dead men ; being all sensible of God's goodness 
to them, in giving them the victory, aad causing the 
enemy to fly with shame ; who never gave one shout 
at their drawing off. The poor inhabitants wonder- 
fully rejoiced that the Almighty had favoured them 
so much ; saying, that if Major Church with his for- 
ces had not come at that juncture, they had been all 
cut off; and said further, that it was the first time, 
^ jthat ever the eastward Indians had been put to flight. 

* How nuiiTcrous tlii«j army was is not told us, but it proba- 
cy consisted of^ear 400 men, as his own volunteers number- 
ed ?50, and these wen were joined by two other companies 
as mentioned in his .nommis^ion from the Massachusetts goy- 
«rqment, 

t Captain Natf^aniel Hfdl wa§ of the Massachusetts wher^ 

the rame is very ct;mmon at thi§ dajr. Mather, Mag. II, 

.615, fAys, " he hadbeeu a valiant captain in the former war." 

/ Captain Nathaniel St.^ihw.-»rth of Blymouth cobny. I 

£j>a n t> particul^s of him, -^ 



TMSiCn AND INtHAN WABJI^ Itl . 

The sdd Church with his volunteers were wonder- 
fully preserved, having never a man killed outrighto' 
and but one Indian mortally wounded, who died ; 
several more being badly wounded, but recovered.* 
After this engagement Major Church, with his for- 
ces, ranging all the country thereabout, in pursuit oi 
the enemy, and visiting all the garrisons at Black 
point,f Spurwink,! and Blue point,^ and went up 
Kennebeckjl river, but to little effect. And now 
winter drawing near, he received orders from the 
government of Massachusetts bay, to settle all thp 
garrisons, and put in suitable oiHcers according to 
his best discretion, and to send home all his soldiers,, 
volunteers and transports, which orders he presently 
obeyed.ir Being obliged to buy him a horse to go 
'home by land, that so he might the better comply 
With his orders. 

" ' • II I I - ■ - .^ .. HI m ill 

♦ The kiile<i ftn<j wounded spoken of above as beinj^ 
brought over in canoes, were Captain Hall's men. Bv this 
statement reference is only made to the Plymouth forces. 
Mather says, that 10 or 12 were killed. Magnalia, II, 515. 

t A short distance to the west of Cape Elizabeth, in the 
town of Scarborough, and was called the east parish. 

t " On the west line of Cape Elizabeth [town j op on tie 
east line of Scarborough." A small river meets the sea here 
of the same name. Sullivan, 26, 115. 

§ A little to the west of Black point and was the west par- 
ish of Scarborough. lb. 213. 

II Sullivan, 31, tells us, that this name, *< no doubt," is de- 
rived " from a race of Sagamores of the name of Kenebis." 
This noble and beautiful river enters the ocean to the east of 
Casco ba^, in about 33 d. 42 min., north latitude. It is the 
ancient Sagadahock, and is celebrated as the place where 
the first settlement was made in Newengland. it was on an 
island at the mouth of said river, called Stage island, in 1607, 
hy a colony of 10t> persons in two ships under the direction of 
Sir John Ponham. But the next year, their chief men beinf^ 
dead, the (volony returned to England. An earlier date is 
ftssignedto the discovery of the river by the French, namely., 
in 1604. See an anecdote of this settlement in the Appen- 
dix, No. XII, 4. 

IT At this time, the whole eastern country was saved by 
this cjcpedition. Sullivan, 202. ^ 



172 tRAUCA AND INDIAN WARS. 

The poor people, the inhabitants of Casco, ana 
places adjacent, when they saw [that] he was going 
away from them, lamented sadly, and begged earn- 
estly that he would suffer them to come away in the 
transports ; saying, that if he left them there, that 
in the spring of the year, the enemy would come and 
destroy them and their famihes, &c. So by their 
earnest request, the said Major Church promised 
them, that if the governments that had now sent him, 
would send him the next spring, he would certainly 
come with his volunteers and Indians to their relief; 
and, that as soon as he had been at home, and taken 
a little care. of his own business, he would certainly 
wait upon the gentlemen of Boston, and inform thcni 
of the promise [that] he had made to them ; and if 
they did not see cause to send them relief, to entreat 
their honours, seasonably to draw them off, that they 
might not be a prey to the barbarous "enemy. 

Taking his leave of those poor inhabitants, some 
of the chief men there, waited upon him to Black 
point, to Captain Scottaway's* garrison. Coming 
there, they prevailed with the said Captain Scottaway 
to go with him to Boston, which he readily complied 
vfiuij provided the said Church would put another in 
to command the garrison ; which being done, and 
taking their leave one of another, they set out and 
travelled through all the country, home to Boston ; 
^having employed himself to tiie utmost to fulfil his 
instructions, last received from Boston ; which cost 
him about a month's service over and above what he 
had pay for from the Plymoiithgentlcmen.) And in 
his travel homeward, several gentlemen waited upon 
the said Major Church, who was obliged to bear their 
expenses.f 

* No more of tbis gentleman is found, than what is given in 
this place. , 

t Whether this was a general custom in those days, oif^ not, 
I have taken no trouble to ascertain, but it would contAbute 
very Uttle to- the dignity of aft odice bow. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 173 

When he came to Boston gentlemen, he informed 
them of the miseries those poor people were in, by 
having their provisions tal^en from them by order ot 
the president,* &c., then went home. 

[He] staid not long there before he returned to 
Boston, where Captain Scottaway waited for his com- 
ing, that he might have the determination of the go- 
vernment of Boston to carry home with him. [-^l^ 
It being the time of the small pox there, ([— ]^ Ma- 
jor Church not having had it) [he tookp up his lodg- 
ing near the Court house, [and had]* the first oppor- 
tunity to inform those gentlemen of the Court [of] 
his business. [They]^ said [that] they were very 
busy in sending home Sir gdmund, the ship being 
ready to sail. 

The said Major Church still waited upon them, 

and at every opportunity entreated those gentlemen 

in bejialf of the poor people of Casco, informing the 

necessity of taking care of them, either by sending 

them relief early in the spring, or suffer them to draw 

oif, otherwise they would certainly be destroyed, &c. 

. Their answer was, that they could do nothing till Sir 

. Edmund was gone. Waiting there three weeks upon 

great expenses, he concluded to draw up some of the 

. circumstances of Casco, and places adjg^cent, and to 

leave it upon the council board, before the Gover- 

nour and council. Having got it done, obtained 

liberty to go up where the Governour and council 

were sitting, he informed their honours, that he had 

; waited till his patience was worn out, so had drawn 

y up the matter to leave upon the board before them, 

I which is as follows. 

" To the honoured Governour and council of the 

Massachusetts, 
Gentlemen, 

Whereas by virtue of yours, with Plymouth's de- 
1 [and] 2 [and] 3 [taking] 4 [took] _ 5 [who] 



* Thomas Danforth. 
15* 



c 



rf4 rtt£StB AND INDIAN WAft^. -^ 

sires and commands, I went eastward in the last ex^ 
pedition against the conunon Indian enemy, wherer 
providence so* ordered that we attacked their great* 
est body of forces, coming then for the destruction 
of Falmouth, which we know marched off repulsed 
with considerable damage, leaving the ground, and. 
have never since [been] seen there, or in anyplace 
adjacent. The time of the ^ear being then too late 
to prosecute any further, design, and other accidents 
fiilung: out contrary to my expectation, impeded the 
desired success. I^poa my then, removal from the 
province of Maine, the inhabitants were very solici- 
tous that this enemy might be fui ther prosecuted, 
willing^ to venture their lives and fortunes, in the said 
enterprise, wherein they might serve God, their King^ 
and country, and enjoy quiet and peaceable habita- 
tions. Upon which. I promised to> signify the same 
to yourselves, and willing to venture tnat attle which 
providence hath betrusted me with, on the said ac- 
count. The season of the year being such, if some 
qpeedy action be not performed in attacking them, 
they will certainly be upon us in our out towns, QocT 
knows where, and the inhabitants there, not being 
able to defend themselves, without doubt many souls, 
may be. cut off, as our last year's experience wofully 
hath declared. The inhabitants there, trust to your 
protection, having undertaken government and your 
propriety y if nothing be performed on the said ac- 
count the best way, under correction, is to demolish' 
the garrison, and draw off the inhabitants, that they 
may not be left to a merciless enemy; and that the 
arms and ammunition may not be there for the 
strengthening of the enemy, wha without doubt have^ 
need enough, having exhausted their greatest store 
in this winter season. I have performed my promise 
to them, r.rtd acquitted myself in specifying the same 
to yourselves. Not tliat I desire to be in any action, 
4^Uhough willing U> serve my King and country, an* 
«iay pass under the' censure o£ scandalous tonguea 



PAENOI AM) INDIAN WA'Ka TT$ 

in the last expedition, which I hope they will idnend 
on the first opportunity of service. I leave to ma- 
ture consideration, the loss of trade and fishery ; the 
war brought to the doors. What a triumph it will 
be to the enemy ; derision to our neighbours, beside 
dishonour to God and our nation, and grounds of 
frown from our Prince; the &ustrati<»a of those,, 
whose eyes are upon you for help, who might have" 
otherwise applied themselves to their King. Gentle- 
men, this I thought humbly to propose unlbyou, that: 
I might discharge myself in my trust from yourselvesy^ 
tnd promise to the inhabitants of the province, but 
especially my duty to God, her Majesty, and my na- 
tion, praying for your honours prosperity, subscribe, 

Your servant, 

BENJAMIN CHURCH. 

^f true copy given in at Boston, thU 6th cfFebrwsryr 
1689,* at the CounoU Boardl 

Attest: T. S."t 

Major Church saTd, moreover, that in* thus doinj^ 
he had complied with his promise to those poor peo- 
ple of Casco, and should be quit from the guilt of 
their blood. The Govemour was pleased to thank 
him for his care and pains taken, thenr taking his 
leave of them went home^ and left Captain Scotta- 
way in a very sorrowful condition, who retumetk 
home sometime after with only a copy of what was 
left on the board by the said Church. Major Church 
not hearing any thing till May following, and then 
was informed, that those poor people ^f Casco were 
cut off by the barbarous enemy ;| and although they 

• It should be 1690, or 1689-90. See note 1, on page Ut. 

f For whose name these initisds stand I have net satisfac- 
torily ascertained. 

{In May, 1690. Some forces had jast left Casco, and 
joined Sir Wm. Phips to eo against Portroyal, when an army 
of (bur hundred, or more, French and Indians were discover- 
•d ahout the place. << There was a fort near the water, and 



r 



176 PRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

made their terms wUh Monsieur Custeen, who was 
commander of those enemies, yet he suffered those 
merciless savu^^^es to massacre uiid destroy the most 
of them. 

To conclude this first expedition East, I shall just 
give you a hmt how Major Church was treated, al- 
though he -was coimnander in chief of all the forces 
out of Plymoutli and Boston government. After he 
came home, Plymouth gentlemen paid him hut forty^ 
iwo pounds, telling Jiim. he must go to Boston gen- 
tlemen for the rest, who were his employers as wiell 
as they. Of whom he never liad one penny ^ for all 
travel and expenses in raising volunteers, and ser- 
vices done ; except forty shUlinga or thereabout, 
for going from Boston to Rhodebland on their busi- 
ness, and back to Boston again ; also for sending a 
man to Providence for Captain Edmunds,^ who 
raised a company in those parts, and went east with 
them. 

another on the hill, near where the burying ground is, and 
another on the rocky groimd, south from the place where Uie 
first meeting house stands,^ in what wa^ the town of Fal- 
mouth. That near the burying ground was abandoned as 
untenable, and both of the others afler some time were car- 
ried by assault. One hundred persons now fell into the 
hands of the enemy. The French commander promised the 

farri$^>ns safety to their persons, and liberty to go to the next 
English town, b«t he kept his promise no longer than while 
he was in possession. The Whole country nereabout was 
laid desolate, and presented a most dreadful scene of ruin. 
The ground was strewed with the bones of the dead, which 
Church, on his arrival afterward, gathered up and buried* 
Hist. Maine, 30S. Magnaha, II, 524. 

* The same who is mentioned in Philip's war, 52. I learft 
nMhing of his eastern expeditioiw 



i 



FAENCH AND Indian WARff. tii 



THE SECOND EXPEDITION EAST, 

In the year 1690 was the expedition^ to Cana- 
da,f and Major Walleyf often requested Major Church' 

* Canada had long been considered Ihe source of all the 
^vils endured by the colonies. Hence the long train of wars 
at the expense of so much blood and treasure to " drive the 
French out of Canada." Sir William Phips was the chief 
mover and executor of this expedition. His fleet, retarded 
by unavoidable accidents, did not arrive before Quebeck un- 
til the 5 October. The next morning, he sent a summons 
on shor**, but received an insolent answer from the Govern- 
our. The next day, he attempted to land his troops, but was 
prevented by the violence of the wind. On the 8, all the 
eircctivtf men (12 or ISOO) landed on the island of Orlcan?, 
4 miles below the town, and were fired on, from the woods, 
t)T the French and Indians. Having remained on shore un-*. 
1i1 the 1 J, and then learning by a deserter, the strength of 
the place, they embarked with precipitation. In their way 
• tn Boj^oii, tnp^fl«<?t-^^?dHli»t>ft4'§euiil a te,!li;:?«t, .Soiiw^ &&w^ 
yes* els were blown olTto tbc Vilest lndie«, urre w-a«» losir tni &i^ 
island near the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and two or three 
were never lieard of. Holines, I, 473, 479; No provisions 
at home had been made to pay the forces, relying dn plun- 
der ; bills of credit, therefore, were resorted to, which were 
the firit ever u^ed in this country. Hutchinson, I, 356, 357. 

• t 'ihe derivation of the word Canada, being so curious it 
was thonglit that it would bo jjarJonable to give it a' place in 
thi« work. Mr, Boznian, in his excellent " Introduction to 
a. History of Maryland,-' 34, says that it is a traditional re- 
port, that previous to the visiting of Newfoundland by Car- 
tier, in 1534, some S[)aniards visited that coast in search of 




in^ here,^* The Indians retained these words in their memo- 
ries, and aftcrxvard, when the French came to the country, 
they were ealiiied with the same words, and mistook tliem 
for the name of the country. And in time the first letter was 
lost, hence tlie name Canada. Something amounting to 
nearly the same thing may *>e seen in Mather's Magnalia, 
II, 5^>2. 

i John WalJ"- ' ^']\^. ^^^^^ the command of the land forces, 
«n.l": S- ,'*^^Vi?", ^ '''i'^» apln.H. r:imi<la. An entire jour- 
ii;>L Aept by Waliej'j of that expedition^ u preserved in 



r 



irft ^ftENCH AND^INDUN WARS. 

that if he would not go himself in that expeditiod^ 
that he would not hinder others. He answered the 
said Walley, that he should hinder none but his old 
soldiers, that used to go along with him, &c. 

The said Church going down to Charlestown, to 
take his leave of some of his relations and friendsi 
who were going into that expedition, promised his 
wife and family not to go into Boston, the small pox^ 
being very rife there. Coming to Charlestown, seve- 
ral of his friends in Boston came over to see him. 
And the next day after the said Church came there, 
'JMajor Walley came to him, and informed him that 
the Governour and council wanted to speak with 
him. He answered him, that he had promised his 
wife and family not to go into Boston ; saying, 
[that] if they had any business, they could write to 
iiim, and that he would send them his answ()r. 

Ko£m ttft^T «^»A.oY^r two gtbct gentlemen with a, 
.j^.iu^^^^ tlmt the Gknreiiiour and council warned ta 
have some discourse with him. The answer returm- 
ed, was, that he intended to lodge that night at the 
Greyhound, in Roxbury, and that in the morning, 
would come to Pollard'sf at the south end of Bos- 
ton, which accordingly h6 did. Soon after he came 

Hutchinson, Ap.. 1, 470. He was judge of the isuperiour court 
of Massachusetts, and a member of the council. The church 
of Bristol is indebted to him as one of its princifial founders. 
He is represented^ as possessing sweetness of spirit, wisdom 
in council, and impaKidlity as a Judges He died 11 Janua- 
ry, 1712, aged 68 years. 

* I iind no mention of the Small Pox at this time in Bostoik 
by any author that I have consulted ; but in the History of 
Dorchester it is noted, page 24, " that from the first of April, 
1690, unto the first of Julv, IbOl, there died in Dorchester 
67 persons ; 38 of them of the smallpox, the rest of a fever, »> 
Hence from its near vicinity to Boston, no doubt it was very 
prevalent there. [Having since seen in Mr. Snow's Histo- 
ry of Boston, that It did prevail Ui^e as mentioned in the 
text.] ^"^^^ 

t A publick houpevundcr this name, is y^t^Wiown in Bo»- 
touj atlj^o^g^iifjeirX^aUjElpi street " ^..^ 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 17d 

thither, received a letter from the honourable Cap-t 
tain Sewall,* to request him to come to the council. 
The answer [that] he returned by the bearer was, 
that he thouglit there was no need of his hazarding 
himself so much as to come and speak with them ; 
not that he was afraid of his life, but because he ha j 
no mind to l^ concerned ; and further by reason 
[that] they would not hearken to him about the poor 
people of Casco. But immediately came Mr. ^s^x- 
fieldf to him, saying, that the council bid him tell 
the said Church, that if he would take his horse and 
ride along the middle of the street,' there might b^ 
no danger. They were then sitting in council. 
He bid [him]^ go and telj his masters not to trouble 
themselves whether he came upon his head or hi^ 
feet, he was coming. However, thinking the re- 
turn was something rude, called him back to drink 
a glass of wine, and then he would go with him. 

So coming to the council, they were very thank- 
ful to him for hi^ coming, ai^d told him, that the oc- 
casion of their sending for him was, that there was 
a captive come in, who gave them an account, that 
the Indians were come down, ^ad had taken posses- 
sion of the stone fort at Pejepscot,J so that they 

1 [them] 

* Stephen Sewall, I conclude this must be, who was com- 
mander of the fort ^t Salem. He was a brother of Judge Se- 
wall, and sustained severa) important offices. He married a 
daughter of the Rev. Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge, who had 17 
children. He died aboiit'the 21 October, 1725, greatly, re- 
spected and lamented. £liot, N. £. Biog. 420. 

1 1 learn nothing of this person. The name is common in 
Newhampshir^. 

X A fall of water in the Androscoggin. What the true or- 
thography of this word is, is unknown to ipe. SuUiran enda^ 
it with a double ty and again alters to Pe^ypscott. Mather 
has it Pechypscot. Some authors write u instead of o in the 
Termination. Thus the different ways are brought under 
the view of the reader, that he may employ which he choosy 
The stone fort was near the &lb oa the north side of the rW 



C 



^ 



^80 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

wanted his advice and thoughts about the matter ; 
whether they would tarry and keep in the fort or 
not*? and whether it wt^re not expedient to send 
some forces to do some. spoil upon them 9 and fur^ 
jther to know whether he could not be prevailed 
with to raise some volunteers, and go, to do some 
spoil upon them '? He answered them, [that] he was 
unwilling to be concerned any more ; it being very 
difficult and chargeable to raise volunteers, as he 
found by experience in the last expedition. 

But 'they using many arguments prevailed so far 
with him, tliat if the government of Plymouth saw 
cause to send him, he would go; thinking the expe- 
dition would be short. [He Jhen] took his leave of 
them and went home. 

In a short time afterj there came an express from 
Governour Hinkluy, to request Major Church to 
come to Bariistable to him, he having received 
a letter from the government of Boston to raise 
some forces to go east. Whereuj)ou the said Major 
Church wcrit the next day to Barnstable, as ordered. 
Finding the Governour and some of the council of 
war there, [who] discoursed [with] him ; [conclud- 
ed]^ that he should take his Indian soldiers, and two 
English Captains, with what volunteers could be 
raised; and that one Captain should go out of Ply- 
mouth and Barnstable counties, and the other out of 
Bristol county, with v/hat forces he could raise ; 
conr^luding to have but few officers, to save charge. 

The said Chun^h was at great charge and expense 
in raising of forces. Governour Hinkley promised 
that tie would take care to provide vessels to tran- 
sport the said army, with ammunition and provisions, 
by the time prefixed by himself; for the govern- 
ment of Boston had obliged themselves by their let- 

1 [concluding] 

ver, and was taken in the spring of this year, (16S0) after the 
JSnglish had left it, (probably.) It was 4 miles from the wa- 
ters of Casco bay. Sullivan, 173, 9. 



FHENCH AND INDIAN WARS;. • iBi 

ifix, to provide any thing that was 'wanting. So at 
the time prefixed, Major Church marched down all 
tiis soldiers out of Bristol county' to PIvmoulh, as or- 
dercd. And beii:ig come, found it not as he expect- 
,ed ; for there were neitlier provisions, ammunition, 
-c:r transports. So he immediately sent an express 
to the Go^ernour, who was at Barnstable, to give 
him an account thai he Vit'i the men were come to 
Plymouth, and found nothing ready. In his return 
to the said Church, [he] gave him an account of his 
diA^pi)ointuients, and sent John Lathrop*^ of Barnsta- 
ble in a vessel, with some ammunition and provi- 
sion on board, to him at Plymouth ; also sent him 
word tliat there were more on board of Siimuel Al- 
lingf of Barnstable, who was to go for a transport, 
and tliat he himself v/ould be at Plymouth next day. 
But x\liing never came near him, but went to Bil- 
jinirsgate,j at Cape Cod, as he was informed. 

Tlic Governour being come, said to Major Church, 
that h(i niust take some of the open sloops, and mako 
spar decks to them, and lay platforms for the soldiers 
to lie upQn,v\hich delays were very expensive to the 
said Church ; liis soldiers being all volunteers, daily 
/jX|K3C{ed to be treated by Idin, and the tiidians al- 
ways begging for money to get drinjj. But he using: 
jiis utmost diligence, made v/hat despatch he could 
to be gone. Being ready to embark, received his 

' Probably, the ancestor of some cminont men of later 
limes in ]Ma.^pachufett<. Ho perhaps yvais the son of John 
Lathrop, who fl*^d frnin England in the days of persecution, 
and afterward settled in Barniitable. The first John died in 
1 653. 

* 

t It is thought that this name should have been written 
Allen. No paiiis have been taken to f»5certain any thing 
concerning this person, but if what Dr. Mather S9.yahe cor- 
rect, he is a descendant of one Thomas Allen, who came to 
this country in 16S8, and vt'aii afterward a miiiister in 
Charlestown. Eliot, 20. 

t lo thq town of Eastham. 

1% 



C 



1S3 J^ENCH AND INDIAN WARS, 

commission, and instructions from Governour Hink-. 
Icy, which are as follows. 

IThe commissioh being (he game as that for the first expedi*-. 
tion is here emitted, it was dated 2 September, 169(X. 
The instructions, also, differing only in a few unimpor- 
tant matters, are omitted to give place to more interest- 
ing information. It may be proper to notice tine chief dif- 
ferences. No men of war vessels attended, nor was Church 
ciii-ccted to confer with any persons except his officers. The 
eis;ht pounds i)er head over and ahoixe is not mentioned, and 
are sijrnc(] only by Govrrnour Hinldey. Date, the same as 
that oi' the commission.] 

Now having a f:iir wind, Major Church soon goi 
to Piscataqna.* [Hop was to apply himself to Ma- 
jor Pike,f a worthy gentleman, who said, [that] he 
i»ad advice of his coming from Boston gentlemen ; 
also, [that] he had received direction^, that what 
rncn the said Church should want, niost be raised out 
of Hampshire, cut of the several towns and garrisons. 
Major Pike asked him, how many men he sljould 
want ? He said, enough to mai^e up his forces that 
he brought with him, three hundred, at least, and 
not more than three Iiundred and fifty. And so in 
about nine days time, lie was supplied with two com- 
panies of soldiers. He having been at about twenty 
^kiUmgs a day charge in expenses while there. Now 
• 1 [who] 

^'fThe country' at th^ mouth of Pascataqua river went un-- 
der the gcneral'name of Pascataqua, but since, the river only, 
is known by that name. The word was formerly, and some- 
times latterly, spelt as in the text, but an a should take thQ 
place oft. 

. t Major Robert 'Pike was a f ^rson of distinction. He was 
umiong the first 28 counsellors appointed by charter, for tbe 
province of MassachujJeJts hay, \Yho were to hold their offices 
until May 1693, or unlil oUicrs should b^ chosen in their 
stead. He might be the ancestor of the distinguished Nicho^ 
las Pike of SoniersivortJ^, to wJiom we are ujuch indebted for 
the best system of Arithmetick that has aj^peared. An ac- 
count might perhaps be fpund of the faihiiy in JJewhamp- 
shire, for which I have not had an opportunity. 



i^kENCH AND INDIA!* WAR^' 18^ 

tie received Major Pike's instructions^ which are as 
folioweth. 

" Partsmauth, in Newhampahire, Sept. 9, 1690. 

To Major Benjamin Church, Commander in Chitf 
of their Majesties* forces, noio designed upon the 
present expedition eastivard, and now resident at 
^ Portsmouth. 

The Governour and council of the Massachusetts 
colony reposing great trust and confidence in your 
loyalty and valour, from experience of your formejf 
actions, and of God's presence w^ith you in the same; 
in pursuance of an order, received from them com- 
manding it; these are in their Majesties' names to 
empower and require you, as commander in chief, to 
take into your care and conduct these forces now 
here present at their rendezvous at Portsmouth; and 
they are alike required to obey you ; and with them 
to sail eastward by the first opportunity to Casco, or 

!>laces adjacent, that may be most commodious for 
anding with safety and secrecy; and to visit the 
French and Indians at their headquarters at Ameras* 
cogen, Pejepscot, or any other place, according 9a 
you may have hope or intelligence of the residence 
of the enemy; using always your utmost endeavour 
for tlie preservation of your own men, and the kill- 
ing, destroying, and utterly rooting out of the enemy, 
wheresoever they may be found ; and also, as much 
6s may possibly be done, for the redeeming or re- 
covering of our captives in any places. 

You being there arrived, and understanding your 
way, to take your journey back again, either by land 
or water, as you shall judge most convenient for the 
accomplishing of the end intended ; and to give in- 
telligence always of your motions, whensoever you 
can with safety and convenience. 

Lastly. In all to consult your council, the com- 
manders or commission officers of rour several comr 



184 FRfiNOH AND IISTDIAN WAICB. 

panics, when it may be obtained, the greater part df ' 
whom to determine. AjkI so the Lord of ho?ts, tlie 
God of armies, go alon^ with you, mid ho your con- 
fluct. Given under my hand, the day and year above 
said, 

rey ROBERT PIKE." 

Being ready, they took thd first opportunity, and 
made tlic best of tiicir way to Pejopscot fort, wjiere 
they found nothing. From thence tiiey marched to 
.Amcrascogcn,* and v/Iien they cama near the fort, 
Major Church made a halt, ordering the Captains to 
draw out of their several cwnpanles sixty of their 
meanest men, to be a gaard to the Do<^tor, and knap- 
sacks, being hot a mile from said fort. And then 
moving towards the fort, they saw young Doneyl and 
his w:ife, with two English captives. The said Doney 
made his escaj>e to the fort, his v/ifo was -ishot do wn, 
and so the two poor captives were released out of 
.their bondage. 

The said Major Church and Captain Walton J made 

* This river has its rise in Newhampphire and flowing cast- 
ward enters Maine in about 44 d. 2<>min. N. Mather, saya 
.this place where they had now arrived at, was 40 miles up 
the river. Mag. 5i2B. Perhaps lew words have been writv 
ten more different ways, than this. The authors of tht; 
Newhampshire Gazetteer prefer that as in the text, esy- 
cept, that they double the^- and change the last e into i. 
But people in general, that live on said river, adopt the better 
method of Androscoggin. 

t He w^as an Indian, and all we know of him is found in this 
history ; eivcept he be the one seized at Wells, mentioned by 
Mather, II, 545, and whose name is signed Robin Doney to 
the articles of peace at Pemmaquid in 1698.- lb. 543. 

t Col. Shadrach Walton of Somersworth N. H. A brave 
and valuable officer. . In the long wars that follfWved, he 
rendered important services. To recount his actions woul»i 
be to write a narrative, much beyond the limits of a note. 
More particulars of him may be found in Penhallow's historv*, 
in I Newhampshire Hist. Soc Collections, than in anjr oth« 
4}rwork extant.. He was with. Col. March, in 1707, in a»i 
unsaccessfu} attempt on Portroyal. Here hei fought a body 



iaiENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 185 

no stop, making the best of their way to the fort, 
with some of l^e army, in hopes of getting to the 
fort before young Doncy ; bat the river throiigh 
which they must pass, being as deep as their arm- 
pits. However Major Church as soon as he was got 
over, stripped to his shirt and jacket, leaving hi» 
I breeches behind, ran directly to the fort, having an 
eye to see if young Doney (vvlio ran on the other 
side of the river,) should get there before him. The 
wind now blowing very hard in their faces, as they 
ran, was some help to them ; for several of our men 
fired guns, which they in the fort did not hear, so 
that we had taken all in the fort, bad it not been for 
young Doney, who got to the fort just before we did. 




directly down to the great 
The said Church and his forces being come pretty 
near, he ordered the said Walton to run directly with 
some forces into the fort, and himself with the rest, 
ran down to the river, after the enemy, who ran som& 
of them into the river, and the rest mider the great 
falls. Those who ran into the river wore killed ; for 
he saw but ons man get over, and he only crept up 
the bank, and there lay in open sight. And those 
that ran under the falls, they made no discovery of^ 
notwithstanding several of his men went in under the 
said falls, and were gone some considerable time, 
[but] could not find them. So leaving a watch tbere» 
returned up to the fort, where he found hut one man 

1 [who] 2 [who] > 

■ 

of the enemy and put them to flight, being the only field offi- 
cer then on shore. Again in J710, he rendered important 
service at the same placid, when it was taken by the arma- 
ment under Col. Nicholson. In a note to page 119, in Pen- 
hallow^ history it is remarked that '< He was dismissed from 
service" (in 1725) <<and was succeeded by Col. Thomas 
Westbrook. " But on what account he was dismissed^ wh^th* 
er from age or miseonduct is unknown torn*. HeissMS:^ 
tinned no mor« in Penhattow's hislorr- 
• 16* 



r 






lee PRES^CH AND IISTDIAN WARS. 

taken, and several womoa and children; amoHT^^t 
whom were Captain Ilakins'* wife and \Vorumbo>' J- 
wifo, the sachem of that fort, with their chlMreji. The 
said Hakins was sachem of Pennacook/J; who de- 

. * Hawkins or Hogkins. This sachem Jiad been treated 
with neglect by Governour CranQeld, which in part may ac- 
count for his enmity to the English. He made a treaty witli 
theminr 1685, which perhaps, was broken more through the no- 
glipnce of the Engh«;h than the wi.^k of Hogkins. He appears 
io have learned so much of the Eiigiibh language as to pre- 
tend to write and read. Four letters from under his hand 
are preserved in Belknap, [, Appendix; No. XLiI, Sec. On« 
of which, as a curiosity, is here printed. 

''May 15, 1685. 
Honour Mr.. Governor, 

Now this day I com your house, I want se you, and I 
bring ray hand at before you I want shake hand to you if youv 
worship when. pFfea.-.e then vou receve ray hand then sliake 
your hand and my hand. Vou my friend because I rcnu'nv- 
ber at old time when live my grant father and grant iiv^ther 
then Englishmen com this country, then my grant fatho?* and 
Englishmen they make a good gov.enant, they friend allwayrj, 
my grant father leving at place called Malamaice rever, oth- 
er name chef Natukkog and Panukkog, that one rever great 
many names, and I. bring, you this few skins at this lii'st time 
I will give you my friend. This all Indian hand. 

JOHN X HAWTCINS, Sagamore.'* 




similar, 
the 

1 Hogkins, the last has no elate, and one is dated 16 May, and 
the other two the 15, both having 14 signers beside Hogkins^ 
who, it is probable, were his principal men. The name of 
Hogkins or rather Hawkins he received from some English- 
man. His Indian name was Hancamagus. See N..H. Hist. 
Soc. Col. I, 221. 

t A. sachem of the And'roscoggiirs. He was with Madoka- 
wandointhe celebrated attack on Storer's garrison at Wells, 
an account of which may be seen in asue<»eeding note. 

t The country on the Merrimakc river, including the pre- 
■ent town of Concord, and the lands above and bclov/^ but 
how far, cannot be told ; as those people never set any ar- 
ticular bounds to tlicir country, that we know oL S' >e I'^ar- 
mer's account of the Pennacook Indians, in N. H. Hist. Soc.» 
Coi. I, ^19, The word should he spelt as in the text^ but 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 197 

ft 

fetroyed Major Walden and his family, some tima 
before, &-c. 

The said two women, viz*. Ilakins' and Worunibos' 
wives requested the said Church, that he would spqre 
them and their children's lives ; promising upoh tiiat 
condition, [that] ho should have all the captives that 
were token, and in the Indians' hands. He asked 
them how many 7 They said, aboHt four score. So, 
upon that condition, he promised them their lives, 
&c. In the said fort there were several English cap- 
tives, who were in a miserable c(>ndition. Amongst: 
them was Captain Hucking's* wife, of Oyster river.f 

Major Church proceeded to examine the man, 
taken, who gave him an account, that most of the 
fighting men were gone to Winterharbour,J to pro- 
vide provisions for tlie bay of Fundy^ Indians, who 

■ ■■-■—, ■■ I ■■ ■■■■1,^— .- - — ■■■■—-- — * ■■■ -. — - - - 

the author just cite J, leaves out one n. Sullivan writes Pen- 
nycook. lielknap, whom maiiy, justly in most respectr^, fol- 
low, wrhes it as in Ihe text, with the omission of one n, as- 
does Mather, whom he follows. 

* Hucking's garris^on was taken, about the last of August^; 
1639, in which were a few women and boy?. The Indians' 
had been in ambush for a number of day-, until they had as- 
certained how many men belonged to the garrison, then a*) 
they all went out into the field one day, the Indians cut off 
their rptreat, and killed them all excei*ting<me,-who escap- 
ed, being 18 in all. They then went to the garrison and de- 
manded a surrender, but the boys at first refused, and some 
fighting was done; at length they surreirdered on terms of 
life, &,c. The assailants found means to fire the garrison, 
which hastened the surrender. Mather, Mag. 11, 515. This 
woman is supposed to be the wife of the owner of the g^ir- 
lison. 

t Now Durham. The country thereabout, was formerljr 
known by this name. 

J At the mouth of Saco river in Maine. 

§ A large bay, sometimes called Frenchman'is bay, contain- 
ing the island Mountdescrt, 8 or 10 miles ta the eastward of 
the mouth of Penobscot river* Sallivan, 57, informs us, that 
it took the name of Frenchman's bay^from this circumstance. 
That with Demotte came over to America one Nicholas 
D'Aubri, a French ecclesiastic of respectability,, who went 
on shor« on the west side of the bay> and w&ndering into t> 



{ 



168 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAftS. 

were to come and join with thentto fight the English. 
The soldiers being very rude, would hardly spare the 
Indian's life, while in examination ; intending when 
lie had done, that he should be executed. But Cap- 
tain Hucking's wife, and another woman, down on 
their knees, and begged for him, saying, that he had 
been a means to save their lives, and a great many 
more ; and had helped several to opportunities to 
run away, and make their escape ; and that never, 
aince he came amongst them, had fought against the 
English, but being related to Hakins' wifej kept at 
the fort with them, having been there two years ; but 
his living was to the westward of Boston. So, upon 
their request, hi» life was spared, &c. 

Next day the said Church ordered that all their 
corn should be destroyed, being a great quantity ; 
saving a little for the two old squaws, which he dcr 
signed to leave at the fort, to give an account who 
he was, and from whence he came. The rest being 
knocked on the head, except the aforementioned 
for an example ; ordering them all to be ' buried 
Having inquired where all their best beaver was 1 
they said [that] it was carried away to make a pre- 
sent to the bay of Fundy Indians, who were coming^ 
to their assistance. 

Now being ready to draw off from thence, he 
called the two old squaws to him, and gave each of 
them a kettle, and some biscuit, bidding them to tell 
the Indians, when they came home, that he was 
known by the name of Captain Church, and lived in 
the westerly part of Plymouth government ; and that 
those Indians that came with him were formerly^ 
King Philip's men, and that he had met with tliem 
in Philip's war, and drawn them off from him, to 

woods in seSreh of curiosities, was left by the boat to bis fate. 
After three weeks he was found b^ a boat from the same ves- 
sel, almost emaciated. From which circumstance it receiv- 
ed the above apj>cIlation. But the waters between Nova- 
ficotia and the main are generally understood to mskke the 
Vay of Fundy. 



f^REli^CH AND INDIAN WAiti: I8&' 

fight for the English, against the sard Phihp, and hrs 
associates, who then pro/nised him to ^^ht fur the 
English, as long as they had one eii'c.Hy lifft. Aijd 
said, that * they did not ciaestion, but before Indian 
corn was ripe to have Philip's ht.»ad ;'* not\vidi?vtnnd- 
iirg [PhilipP hud twice as itmny man as were in their 
country ; and that tijeyf lidd killed and taketi one 
thousand three hundred and odd of Philip's mcR, 
wo^en and childrcnr, and Philip hiniself, with several 
other sachems, &c: ; and that- they should tell Ha- 
kins and ^Vorumbos, that if they h^id a mind to see" 
their wives and children, they should come to 
Wcllsj garrison, and titut there tlicy might hear of 
ti^oin, &c. 

Major Church having done, fhoved with all his' 
forces dt>wn to Mequuit,§ where the transports were, 
(but in the way some of his soldiers threateiied the 
Indian man prisoner very muclr, so that in a thick' 
svy amp, he gave them the slip and got away) and^ 

i[he] 

• - 

r-- I , -- "."' ' — ■■ ■■- — ■-■■ -■■■-- - 

* S(*.G Philip's war, page 82»' 

t The English. , . . 

I Webhanhet was the Indian name of TVclls. This towrf 
is on th^^ sea beard about hali* way between York and Saco,* 
ftcina; 13 inil'?s from the former. Slorer*s garrison was in 
this town, which was near whore the old meeting housrt 
fttoovl, and nearly hal/ a mikf Bouth of the present place of 

1)ublick worship, and was standing since the year 1760. Sul- 
ivan, 2.^6. . The towa siifleicd greatly by the sava^ch'. 
Aboiil fyOt) French and Indians made a desperate attempt Oii 
(he garrison, in May, 1691, and though it hail but 15 men, by 
t\yi ralonr of th6 commander, Captain Convei-se, and thi* 
fcAV, tkcy were repulsed. A sloop happienetl to arrive: 
just before the engagement, whicli was a help to them, 
although they fought on board their vessels. A flag wa,ssent 
to Capt. Converse, to persuade him to surrender ; at his re- 
fusing, the olTicer naid, " We will cut you up as line as tobac- 
co before tc-morrow uiGrning." He bid them " come on (ot 
he wantcil work'." Magnalia, II, 532. 

§ \ small bav or covv- in Casco bay. It is generally writ- 
ten Ma^uoH. 'Mallier, and *fier him Balknap wrote Mac- 
quoil. 



I 



isO ^FRENCH AND INDIAN WA&S. 

yfhen they all got on board the transports, the wina 
being fair, made the best of their way ifor Winter- 
harbour ; and the next rooming before day, and as 
sooiy as the day appeared, they discovered some 
sttiokes, rising towards Skaman's^ garrison. He 
immediately sent away a scout of sixty men, and 
followed presently iiith the whole body. The scout 
coming near a river discovered the enettiy to be on 
the other side of the river. But three bf the enemy 
were come over the river, to the same side, [ — j^ 
which the scout was of, [but discovering tlie scout J 
tan hastily down to their canoe. One of which lay 
at each end, [ — J^ ^^^ ^^® third dbod up to paddle 
oyer. The scout fired at them, ahd he that paiddled, 
fell down upon the canoe, and broke it to pieces, s^ 
that all three perished. 

The firing put the enemy to the run, who left 
tiieir canoes and. provisions to oiirs. And old 
Doneyjf and one Thomas Baker, an Englishman^ 
w^ho was a prisoner ainongst them, were up at the 
falls,! and, heard the guns fire, expected the other 
Indians were come to their assistance, so came down 
the rivgr in a canoe. But when they perceived that 
\here were English as well as Indians, old Doney 
ran the canoe ashore, and rcn over Baker's heacl, 
and followed th'e test ; and then Baker came to ours, 
iand ^aVe an accoimt of the bfeaver, hid at Pejepscot 
iplaiji.§ And cbhiihg to Ihc jjSlace where the plunder 
was, the Major sent a scout to Pejepsfcot fort, ip 
feee if they could n^ake iany discovery of the enemy's 
tracks, or could discover any cbming up the river. 
1 [of the river j * [of the canoe] 

m « • , ■ ■ - - ■ . 

• This was on the east side of Saco river, abont two mileg 
Lelow the falls. Sullivan, 180. The nam^ should be spelt 
Scammon. . lb. 

-t Father of young Doney. J The falls in the Saco^ 
§ In Brunswick. 






t 



PEENCH AND INDIAN WA|IS. i9\ 

[They]^ returned, and said [that] they saw nothing 
but our old tracks at the said fort, &c. 

Now having got some plunder, one of the Cap- 
tains* said [that] it was^ time to go home, and seve- 
ral others were of the same mind. The Major be- 
ing much disturbed at this motion of theirs, expect- 
ing the enemy would come in a very short time^ 
where they miglU have a great advantage of them," 
&c. 

Notwithstanding all he could say, or do, he was 
obliged to call a council, according to his instruc- 
tions, wherein he was outvoted. The said comman- 
der seeing [that] he was put by of his intentions, 
Toifered, [that] if sixty men would stay with him, 
e would not embark as yet ; but all he could say or 
do, could not prevail. Then they moved to the ves- 
sels, and embarked, and as they were going in the 
vessels, on the back side of Mnyr point,f tiiey discov^ 
ered eight or nine canoes, who turned short about, 
and went up the river ; being the same Indians that 
the Major expected, aiid would have waited for. 
The aforesaid Captain being much disturbed at what 
the Major had said to liim, drew off from^he fleet, 
and in the night ran agrouixd. 

In the morning Anthony Bracket, liaving been 
advised and directed by the Indian that had madq 
his escape fronfi our forces, came down near where 
the aforesaid vessel lay aground, and got aboard. 
[He]* has proved a good pilot and Captain for his 
country. The next day being very calm and misty^ 

I [who] 9 [who] 

. ....■' ■ ■ * 

* From what folioi^s yte may suppose this to be one of the 
Captains from Plymouth governmeDt. But as there were 
two, we cannojt be positive which was meant, and but one is 
named; yet, another circupistance might induce us to sup-^ 
pose a Newhamjiahirc Captain is meant, were it not said that 
the Plymouth force* sailed first. 

t What, in Sullivan?^ history, it is thought, is called Mer* 
ryconeag. It is a point in the cast part of Casco bay. M% 
tjjKT calls it Mares point, II, 557. 



•102 FREKGTI AND INDIAN WARS. 

b<f» lluit they were j,H tici> geUin(;do\Vn from M:-qu:iit 
i'i IvrpndacK,'^ and tlie m;isters of toe ves-'icls think- 
ii^g it i)»;t saib pnui-ijc out iii Uie niglit, so liti; ia 
tiie yc^r, iiiichorrd tlnTO. [ — y Tlie veg-els being 
mucii crowdod, t!]o MmJ'm order.'d lluit iliree cumpa*' 
iiics should ..j:c «;i' s;iM.re, and nr» nifrre. IIiuii'(^if 
witli Coj>l,t. i CVmI'.-. iiiirl* wuil with tlioiu lo cr.lvT 
ihoir lo.-igiii;j. A -id fiiidi.rig just !jous:os coiivoni';ijt. 
fur llvjio, Viz., Uv'o biirny and oii,.* I^onse : [i.;ivlj'* 
^t;oill;? t'.Kiii nil sctt.k'd, juid thci:* watdics out, the 
jJajor and C;ij)taii.: Converse re.tu.rr»cd to go on 
bojuil. And comiiig ncnr Vvlion? ibe boat vras, it 
Vv'as pretty durk, they <liscoyorcd R.j.)e mew, l.'Ut <Vii\. 
p.oi know Vr'lKit or wiio thev wer.:}. Tho Major or- 
(krcd thos'!^ ihat v'^'^c 'v\'i|Ii Jtiji«- all Lo clup dov/ti 
j.'iid cock ihcir guns, and Jie called out, und at^ivod 
tlicm V. li) ilicv \^cre•? Aud tijcy said, "■ iiidiaiis." 
lie a=<kcd them whose men thev v;ere7 rhey said, 
'•Caj>tahi So'.fthworth's/' lift fi^^md tiiem whor<» 
I bey iiitended to lodge? Thoy roid, "In those litr 
i\(i hniii timt the cutmy had miiUe when they took 
that garrison. ''J 

The T^f/jor t >ld thnm [Uiat] they mii.st not make 
rny fires, ibr if tliey did, the enemy would be upon 
ihem licfore dp.v. TliC'' Inurxhed, and said, "Our 
Majoy is af/Jiid." Having givcfi them their direc- 
tions, he. with Ci^pialri Conyei.se, went on board the 
'} [&t Pcirppdack] 2 [«o] 

* Id iho town of Csipc rili>:a:>o.tij, 6 or 8 miles iVbm Port- 
land. It is also known by ihe name 01' Soring point. 

t Ca]>{ain Jamrs .Ccnvor};o. A disfingnii?hed partizan. 
No conjmanrl'»r dcr?rvcd lie* ; or of thr'ir country than he, 
P'^fide his Finji^ilai* bravery in (lef'»nrlin«c the p:arri.^on nt 
Wel!s, mc;iti:)nrtji in note 3,*on pagrt 180, the hisrtorj of this, 
war abounr.s with h\S ^.11)10118 ; to enuuiurate which would 
f&r exceed the limits of this note. See MftgnaFla, II,!5i9, &c. 

t I can find no account of tlie. Indians taking a garrifoii 
liere until after this. In Quern Anil's or V iliebon'.-: war i^ere- 
ral persons wcro killed and some fdiniiios carried into caj^tivi- 
tj. Sullivan, 195. 



^FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 193 

* 

Mary sloops designing to ^rrte home, and send 
away in the morning the two sloops which had the 
siu^iil pox on board, &c. 

But before day our Indians began to make fire$, 
11 nd to sing and dance. So the Major called to 
( 'aptain Southv/orlh to go ashore and look after hig 
jiien, for the enemy would be upon them by and by. 
He Ordered the boat to be hauled up, to carry him 
a?^hore, and called Captain Converse to go with hinj ; 
and just as the day began to appear, as the Major 
>vas getting into the boat to go ashore, ihe enemy 
-lived upon our men, (the Indians) notwithstanding 
that one Philip, an Indian pf ours, who was out up- 
on the watch, be aid a man cough, and the sticks 
crack, [and]^ gave the.ie#t,an account, that he saw 
Indians, which they would not believe ; but said to 
him, " You are, afraid." His answcir was, that they 
miglit see thomxome creeping. They laughed and 
said, [that] they were hon^. "Ah," said he, "and 
they w ill bite you by and by;^' So presently they 
did fire upon our men. But the morning being mis- 
ty, their guns did not go off quick, so thai our me» 
had all time to fall down before thoir guns went off, 
and saved themselves from that volley, except one 
man, who was killed. 

. This sudden firing upon our Indian soldiers, sur- 
prised them [so,] that they left their arms, but sooa 
recovered them again, and got down the bank| 
which was but low. The Major, with all the forces 
on board landed as fast as they could, the enemy 
firing smartly at them ; however all got safe ashore. 
The enemy had a great advantage of our forces, 
who were between tlie sun's rising and the enemy, 
so that if a man put up his head or hand they could 
see it, and would fire at it. However, some, with 
the Major, got up the bank,. behind «tumps and 
rocks, to liave the advantfjgc of firing at the enemy. 
But when the sun w»s risen, th« M^or slippod 

IT 



' — "« - «. . 



194 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

down the bank again, where all the forces wore orr 
dered to observe his motion, viz., that he would 
give three shonts, ancl then all of them should run 
with him up the bank. 

So, when h») had given the third shout, [he] ran 
up the batik, and (.i»j»tain (,^cn verse with him, but 
when the said Converse; perceived that the forces did 
not follow, as command'.d, culied to the Major, and 
told him [that] the forces did not follow. [He,]^ 
notwithstanding the enemy fired smartly at him, got 
safe down the bank again ; and rallying the forces up 
ihe bank, soon put the enemy to l^igiit. And fol- 
lowing them so close, that they took thirteen canoe.9, 
and one lusty man, who had Joseph Ramsders scalp 
by his side. [HeJ^ was taken by two of our Indians, 
and having his deserts, was himself scalped. 

This being a short and smart fight, some of our 
men were killed and several wounded. Sometime 
after, an Englishman, who was prisoner amongst them, 
gave an account, that our forces had killed and 
wounded Several of the enemy, for they killed seve- 
ral prisoners according to custom,* Slc, 

After this action wus over, our forces embarked 
for Pi&cata{}ua. The Major went to Wells, and re- 
moved the Captain there, and put in Captain Androsy 
who ha i been with him; and knew the discourse left 
with the two old squaws at Amerascogen, for Hakins 
and Wor'umbos to come there in fourteen days, if 
they liad a mind to hear of their wives and children ; 
. who did then, or soon after come with a flag of truce 
to said Wells garrison, and had leave to oome in, and 
more appearing came in, to the number of eight, 
/without any terms) being all chief Sach^ttiar. [They]' 
v»ere very glad to. hear of the women and cnildrcn, 
viz., Hakins and Worumbos' wives and children. 
[They]^ all said three several times that they would 

^ • ■ 1 [who] ' 2 [who] 3 [and] 4 [who] 

. - -'■ '■'- ' ^ » 

• It waA said to Jje a custom among raost of tha Indian na- 
tions, to kill as many prisoaep? as they lost, in battle. 



¥^RENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 195 

never figlit against tlie English any more, for the 
French made fools of thein, &c. They saying as they 
did, the said Andro:? let them go. 

Major Church being come to Piscataqua, and tWo 
of his transports having tiie small pox on board, and 
several of his men hjiving got great colds by their 
hard service, pretended [that] they were going to 
have the small pox; thinking by that means to be 
seiit home speedily. The Major being willing to try 
them, went to the gentlemen there, arid desired them 
to provide el house ; for same of his men expected 
[tliat] they should have the small pox ; which [they] 
rei^.diiy did, and told him, that the people belonging 
to it vv'cre jui^t recovered of the small pox, and had- 
been all at meeting, etc. 

Tlie Major retr. ruing to his officers, ordered thehl 
to druw out all their men that were going to have the 
Fmall pox, for he had provided an hospital for them, 
So they drew out seventeen men, that had as thev 
eaid ail the symptoms of the small pox. He order^ 
them all to follow him, and coming to the house, h© 
asked them how tliey liked it? They sa^d, "Very- 
well.'' Then he told them that the people in the 
gaid house, had all had the small pox, and were re- 
covered ; and that if they went in, they must not 
c(.me out till tliey [had] all had it. Whereupon 
they ii.ll presently began to grow better, and to mako 
excuses, except one man wJiO desired to stay out till 
night before he went in, etc. • 

The Major going to the gentlemen, told them, that 
one thing more would work a perfect cure upon his 
men, which was to lot them go home; Vvhich did 
work a cure upon all, except one, and he had not the 
small pox. So he ordered the plunder to be divided 
fortlivvith, and sent away all the Ph mouth forces. 
But tiie gentlemen there desired him to stay, and 
they would be assisting to him in raising new forces, 
to the number of what was sent away; and tha.l\!aRr^ 
would send to Boston for ptov*vs\ou^, ^\i\Ocv ^^^ ^^ 



•» 



»6 FRENCH AND INDIAN W. 

r 

and .sent Captain Plaisted* to the Governour anci 
council at Boston, <&c. 

And in the mean time, the Majof with those gen- 
tlemen went into all those parts, and raised s^ suiH- 
cient number of men, botli officers and soldicrsir 
[Theyy all met at the J>ankf on the same day that 
Captain Plaisted returned from Boston. [Tiiep re- 
turn from the Boston gentlemen was, that tficCanmK'i 
Expedition had drained tl^em so that thoy could do 
no more. So that Major Church, notvvithstiinilin;^ 
he had been at considerable expenses in rai^fing saicl 
forces to servQ his King aud country, was obliged icy 
give them a treat and dismiss them. Taking his 
leave of them, [he] came horm) to Boston in iho' 
Mary sloop, Mr. Aldcnf master, and Caj^tain Con- 
verse with him, on a Saturday. And waiting upon 
the Governour, and some of the gentlemen in Boston, 
Ihey looked very strange upon them, which not^ only 
lro^t>]ed tbem? but put tlicm in some coiviUimf^icm^ 
Jr/ondering] what the matter should bo, that after .s\J 
.much toil and hard service, [they] could not have 
1 [whp] 3 (whoso} 

• Tk^ BAmcxiC Flaisted is found in the earlier arxl later 
wars as well as in this. A letter from Roger Plaisted ta 
Maj. WaWron, who was killed 9X Salmon falls, !675, .diow-^ 
ing his desperate sUvtalion, is printed in Hubbard^ 33K 
whether this was a soft qy not is not known to me,, but from 
\he author just cited shpald concliKle that it was not,. Per- 
haps hfi was a near connexion. In 1X1% a Mr. Plaisted waa. 
taken at Wells^ and ransomed for 300 pounds.. 

. t By the bank I suppose is meant, that part of the town of 
Portsmouth, including Church hill,, formerly called Straw-* 
berry bank, and was a general appellation for the town^ 

' t The same mentiooed further on, as old Mr. Alden, and 
Capt. Alden. ft e Hved at Boston^ and wa? o?e of the accus-. 
ed in the celebrated witch age, and was committed to prison 
by Hawthorn and Gidney, 31 May, 1692, where .he remained, 
15 weeks ; at the end of which time he made hU efica{>e. H<^ 
^erwards returned, and none appearing against him, wai^ 
cleared. See Calef'9 "More Wonders 01 the Iftvisibl^ 
Worid,»3l0.tQ«l4^ 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 19^ 

so much as one pleasant word, nor any n)oney in their 
pockets ; for Major Church had but eight pence letk^ 
and Captain Converse none, as he said afterwards. 

Major Church seeing two gentlemen, which hp 
knew had money, asked them to lend him fot^ty sMl" 
lings, telling them his necessity, yet they refused. 
So being bare of money, was obliged to lodge at 
Mr. Alden's three nights. The next Tuesday morn- 
ing CajHain Converse came to him, (not knowing 
each others circumstances a.-, yet) and said, [that] ho 
would walk with him out of town. So coming near 
Pollard's at the south end, they had some discoursQ. 
£Observed,] that it was very hard th.at they should 
part with dry lips. Major Church told Captain Con- 
verse that he had but eight pence left, and could not 
borrow any money to carry him home, and tlic said 
Converse said, that he had not a penny left ; so they 
were obliged to part without going to Pollard's, &jr. 

The said Captain Converse returned back into 
town, and the said Church went over to Roxbufy ; 
and at the tavern he met with Stephen Biaton 6t" 
Rhodeisland, a drover, who w?ts glad to see him, (the 
said Cliurch) and he as glad to see his neighbour. 
Whereupon Major Church called for an eight penm^ 
tanltard of drink, and let the said Braton know iiis 
circumstances, [and] asked him whether he would 
lend h'ivfk forty shillings^ He answered, " Yes, forty 
pounds if he wanted it." So he thanked him, and 
said [that] he would have but forty shitlitigs, which 
he freely lent bira. 

Presently after Mr. Church was told that his bro- 
ther, Caleb Church of Watertown, was coming w: th 
a spare horse for him, (having heard the night before 
that his brother was come in,.) By which means the 
said Major Church got home. And for all his trav-l 
and expenses in raising soldiers, and service done, 
never had but fourteen pound9 of Plymouth g.-ntl3- 
men, and not a i>enn2/ of Boston ; n'>twithstand:n • he 
had worn out all [of J hifs clothes, and run himself iiv 



Tt9& )PR££rCH AND INDUN WARS. ^ 

^ebt, so that he was obliged to sell half a share of 
land in. Tiverton, for about sixty pounds, which is 
now^ worth three hundred pounds more and above 
what he had. 

Harving not been at home long before he found out 
the reason why Boston gentlemen looked so disaf- 
fected on him. As you may see by the sequel of two 
letters, [which] Major Church sent to the gentlemen 
in the eastward parts, which are as followetli. 

J « Bristdj JVavember 27, 1690. 

Worthy Gentlemen, 

Accoriing to my^ promise when virith you last, I 
waited upon the Go\[ernour at Boston- on Saturday,. 
Captain Converse bieing with me. The Grovernour 
informed us that the council were to meet on the 
Monday following in the afternoon, at which time we 
both there waited upon them, and gave them an ac- 
couat of the. state of your country, and great neces- 
sities. They informed us, that their general court 
was to convene the Wednesday following, at which 
time they would debate and consider of the matter. 
Myself being bound home. Captain Converse was 
ordered to wait upon them, and bring you their re- 
solves. I then took notice of the council that they 
looked upon me with an ill aspect, not judging me 
worthy to receive thanks for the service I had done 
in your parts;- nor as much as asked me whether t 
wanted moneys to bear my expenses, or a horse to 
carry me home. But I was forced, for v/ant of 
money, being far from friends, to go to Rxjxbury on 
foot ; but meeting there with a. Rhodeisrand gentle- 
man, acquainted him of my wants, who tendered me 
ton pounds, whereby I was accommodated for my 
journey home. And being come home, I went to 



K I*- 



• AhdOt 1716. 



y.C. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 19^ 

the itihnister of our town,* and gave him an account 
of the transactions of the great affairs I had been em- 
ployed in, and the great favour God was pleased ta 
show me, and my company, and the benefit I hoped 
would accrue to yourselves ; and desired him to re- 
turn publick thanks ; but at the same interim of time 
a paper was pres^ited unto him from a court of Ply- 
mouth, which was holden before I came home, to 
command a day of humiliation through the whole 
government, " because of the frown of God upon 
those forces sent under my command, and the i\\ suc- 
cess we had, for want of good conduct." All which- 
was caused by those false reports wliich were postecf 
home by those ill affected othcers that were under 
my conduct ; especially one, which yourselves very 
well know, who had the advantage of being at home 
a week before me, being sick of action, and wanting, 
the advantage to be at the bank, which he was every 
day mindful of more than fighting the enemy in their 
own country. 

" After I came home, being informed of a gencraf 
court at Plymouth, and not forgetting my faithfuT 
promise to you, and the duty I hiy under, I went 
thither. Where waiting upon them I gave them, 
an account of my Eastward transactions, and made 
them sensible of the falseness of tliose reports that 
were posted to them by ill hands, and found - some 
small favourable acceptance with thera ; so far that 
I was credited. I presented your thanks ta them 
for their seasonably sending those forces to relieve 
you, of the expense and charge they had been at ; 
which thanks they gratefully received ; and said a 
few lines from yourselves would have been well ac- 
cepted. I then gave them an account of your great 
necessities, by being imprisoned in your garrisons, 
and the great mischief that would attend 4he pub* 

• Bri8tol. The Rev. Samuel Lee, I suspeict, was then the 
minister, as he did not leave America nnltf tdOMStime the necit 
jear. See note 4, page su. 



i 



i 



900 *»RENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

lick co-icern--' of lliis country by the loss of their 
Mrijestios' interest, aiiJ so much good estate of your's 
and your neighbours, as doubtless would be, on 
the deserting of your town. I tlicu moved fjr a 
free contribution f^r your relief, which thoy witli 
great forwardness promoted ; and then ordered Ji 
day of thanksgiving through the goverumcnt up m 
the twentysixth day of this insla:it. Up ni wliicli 
day a collection was ordered for your relief, and t'\e 
places near adjacent, in every respective tov/n in 
this government ; and for the good frtanagc^m Mil (jf 
it that it might be safely conveyed unto your hands^ 
they appointed a n>an in each county for the receipt 
and conveyance thereof. T!ie persons nomlnatcid 
and accepted thereof, are, for the. county of Ply- 
mouth, Captain Nathaniel Thomas, of Murshfiell ; 
for the county qf Barnstable, Captain Joseph Lathr ?«), 
of Barnstable ; and for tlie county of Bristol, myself. 
AV'hich wjien gathered, you will have a particular 
account from each person, with orders of advice 
how it may be disposed of for your best advantage, 
with a copy of the court's ordar.* The geiitleuien 
[that] the effects are to be sent to, are yoursjdves 
fliat I now write to, viz., John Wheelwright, Esq., 
Captain John Littlefield, and Lieutenant Joseph 
Story. I deferred writing, expecting every day to 
hear from you concerning the Indiarxs, coming to 
treat about their prisoners that we had taken. The 
'discourse I made with them at Amcresscogen, I 
knew would have that effect as to briag them to a 
treaty, which I would have thought myself happy to 
have been improved in, knowing that it would have 
made much for your good. But no intelligence 
doming to me from any gentleman in your j^arts, 

• The people of Connecticut were forwanl, a^>o, in con- 
tributing to those distressed inhabitants. A convrihution 
was ordered by the general court throughout the colony, and 
the clergy wejre directed to exhort the people to libera! c:>;i-. 
Iributions for these chaiitable ^>urpo£e8. Hist. Con. 1, 387, 



PftENcn AJTD INDIAN WARS. ^t 

And hearing nothing but by acciflent, uud that in 
tlie lulter end of the week by scnfe of ours comiiig 
from Boston, informed me that the Indians had coma" 
into your town to seek for peace ; aiil thiit thercr* 
Was to be a treaty speedily ; but tlie time tliey kne^v' 
not. I took my liorse, and noot* the Moiidiiy set 
«^ut for Boston, e.vpect'ing the treaty ha.l l»eea at 
your town, as rationiriiy ii should; hut <^n Tuesday' 
ni<cht coming to Boston, I there met with Captain 
Jillislia Andros, who infiyrmed me that ihe place of 
treaty was Sacatyhock,* and tlyat Captain Aidcn 
Was gone from Boston four days before I came 
there, and had carried all the Indian prisoners- with 
him ; and that all tlie forces were drawn away out 
nf yonr parts, except twelve men in your town, anct 
twelve in Piscatatjea, which news did so amuse me, 
to soe, that wisdom was taken from the wise, and^ 
^tch impr-;-:}once in tliclr actions a» to be dekid^4 
"6y Indians. I'o hnv^ & tro?.ty so ur %m any Tng- 
lish town, and to draw off the forces upon what pre- 
tence fcocver, to me looks very ill. My fear is tliat 
they will deliver those we have taken, wlilcby it 
kept, would have been groatly for your security, la* 
keeping them in awe, and preventing them fronv 
doing any hostile action or misclnef. I knowing 
tliat the Rnglish being abroad are very earnest to 
go home, and the Indians are very tedious in tiieit 
discourses; and bv that means will have an advan- 
tage to have their xCaj)tives at very low rates, t# 
yotir ><^reat tianvage.f Gentlemen, a.-^ to llhodeisland> 

* vSagadahoci't. On tlic south sido of Kcnnebcck river, 20C' 
nii!es fouthvvest of Pemina'iuc<l. Hubbard, 

1 The treaty here alluded to, was agreed upon by those' 
pii:'!»f^jns that cam« into *' WeU** garri?oo," m^ntionrd oa 
pan;,'' 104, "with a flag of trH'.'.p,** M.ijor Hutchinson and 
Capt. Towusend went fram Hnston to WcUs, as cornmissiao- 
ns, and after ?omt'> tiiiip, a conff^rence was agreed upon at 
Saga?!al»3ck, ^ November. Th^y met according to ap- 
jwiiitmcnt aau a truce wly, wnsobtaitoU, and. that till 1 May; 




.^— - 



202 fTttEl^Cri AND InDIAIT WAkS. 

I have not concerne I myself as to any relief for 
you, having nothing in writing to show to them ; 
yet, npon discourse with some gontlcnicn tiiere 
they have signilied a great fo'rwarililOL^s to j)r3i\iotv3 
sticli a thing. I lytag under great fetlo'Ctioiis i\'':i'A 
some ol* yours in l!io e:i^L'.v;u\l j^arts th<it I \v;:s a 
very covetous person, an'.l cuinj thore to enrich j.uy- 
sclt", and thut I kiilel ilirv.r c:itlle anrl barr'^lh^d th^:a 
no, and scht thcii> to Boston, and sold tiiem fi)r 
pli^nder, anri made money to r.iit into my own poc- 
ket ; and the ovvnors of thorn boin;^ poor pr();;io 
boiTijed for the hid^j.s m\A lailow, with tc.irs in t.heir 
eyes; and that I was ^o crnol as t) deny therxl ! 
t^'hich makes nie jud<;o myself incapable to serve 
you in that matt^.^'; yet, I do assr,r5 you, that tli<? 
people are very chufitable at the is'lanvl, and forward 
in such good actions ; and tlierefi^ro, I ailvisc you t..> 
desire some good sub^itaativd person to take tlie mi.^ 
nnorernent of it, anrri vrr'itc V^ the .^ovcrnnK'nt-thcrv^,. 
which I know will not be labour lost. A?^ lor whut 
I am accused of, yi>a all can witness to tlie contrr.- 
ry, und I £»houid take it very knidiy from you to 
do nie that just n'^ld, as to vina'.cate my r^. put it.ion ; 
for the wfse man says, " A ^^ocvl nu:ne is as proci >U3 
ointnoent." When I hear of the eilccls of tiie trea- 
ty, and have an account of this coiitribtU-on, I in- 
^ ton.l Jigain to write -o y ;u, I>cin2: very desirous, and 
shr)uld tliink Diysolf very liappy, to bo favoured wlt!> 
a few liijcs from your.sclf, (jr any gentleman in the 
eastward part?. Thus leavin/i^ yon to tlio protec- 
tion and guidaiice of t!io gre;.-t God of Heaven and 
f^arth, who is able to protect and sup]>ly you in your 
great diiliculties, and to give you dehverance in his 
o.n vine time. I remain, gentlemen, your most 
sured Iricnd, to serve you 1 > my utmost oower. 






Hcwpvri', 10 caiJllvcs were ro;l^e»!i(»], arn? at llie on<l of the 
iMiv'.c th:*v wrre to brinjz; rb*» rcot to Weils, and make a 
•finail peace, ?flag;ial:a, il^ 3;i9, 




FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS;. 203 

^Postscript. Esquire Wheelwright.* Sir, I en 
treat you, alter your peru.^al of tliose lines, to com- 
piunicate the same to Captain John Littlefielc],f 
Lieutenant Joseph Story, and to a'ly other gentle- 
iHon, as in your judgment you see tit; with the tcn^ 
der of my respects to you, &c., and to Major 
Vau;a:lian, and his good lady and family. To Cap- 
tain Fryer, and good Mrs. Fryer, with hearty thanks 
for their kindness whilst in those parts, and good 
entertainment from Jhem. My kind respects to Ma- 
jor Frost, Captain Walton, Lieutenant Honepvcl, 
and my very good friend little Lieutenant Plaistcd 5 
with due respects to all gentlemen, my friends in tiiQ 
eastward parts, as if particularly named. Farewell, 

B. C," 

« To Major Pike. 

Honoured Sir, Bristol, Nov. 27, 1090. 

Those come to wait upon you, to bring the ten- 
ders of my hearty service to yoursi^lf, and lady, with 
due acknowledgment of thankfulness for all the 
kindness, and favour I received from you in the east- 
ward parts, when with you. Since I came from 

* A son, it is nre?ump^d, of the Rev. J'.-Iin Wheclwrii::!\t, 
of whom so much has been saiti and written concerning An- 
tinomian prinQi pies and land titles. Being contented with 
the history of the father, I have not disturbed the ashes of 
the son. The venerable ancestor held a deed of certain 
lands in Exeter, N. H,, from certain Indian Sagamores un- 
der date, 1629, the " authenticity" of which, has of late, beer\ 
examined oy two able criticks. The late Govcrnour Piumer 
of N. H., first endeavoured to vindicate its genuineness, and 
James Savage of Boston, seems to have proved the contrary. 
The deed maybe seen in I Belknap, App. No. I. Govern- 
our Plumer's argument in N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. 299. And 
that of Mr. Savage in his edition of Winthrop's Journal, I, 
412. 

t A Lieut. Littidfield is Teamed by Penhallow, 71, as being 
dain in 1712, at Wells. It might be he. 



C 



f 



204 FRENCH ANB INipiAN WARS. 

<hose parts, I am informed by Captain Andres, that 
voursclf and most ail the forces, arc diavvn off from 
th^ eastward part^'. I admire at it, considering t'-^at 
tliey had so low (^Lstceni of what wasi done, tliat they 
oan apptrelicnd the oast svar<i parts so safe before the 
,oncmy were brought into bt%tter subjection. I waa 
in hopes, when I came fron^ thence, that those wh« 
were so desirous to have niy room, would have been 
very brisk in my absence, to have got thernselvcs 
€ome honpur, which they very much gaped after, or 
4elsc they .w;ouhl not liave *,pread so many false ror- 
poitsto defame me; whidj had I known before I 
left the ban^i* I would have had sati:>faction of theoi. 
Your honour was pjeaged to give me some small 
account, before I loft ^he bank, of some things that 
were ill represented to j-ou, concerning^ the eastward 
expedition, which bej^ig roiled home likta a snowball, 
tliruugh both cc^onies, was got to such a bigness, 
that it overshadowed one from the influence of all 
comfort, or good acceptance amongst my friends in 
my journey homeward. But through God^s good- 
ness [Ij am come home, finding all well, and myself 
in good health ; hoping, thaJ; those reports will do 
me the favour, to quit me from all other publick ac- 
tions ; that so I may the more pcatieably, and quiet- 
Jy, wait upon God, and be a comfort to my own 
family, in this dark time of trouble ; being as one 
hid, till his indignation is overpast. I shall take it 
as a great favour, to hear of your welfare. Sub-* 
scribing myself as I am, sir, 

Youj' most assured friend and serbant, 

BENJAMIN CHURCH.- 

Major rChurch did receive, -after thig, answers to 
jhis Icttecg, but hath lost them, except it be a letter 
from several of the gentlemen in those parts, in 
June following, which is as follovveth. 

' ' * Portsmoutfa. See p»gn 196; note i. 



, qPBENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 205 

" Pprtmumthj June 29, 1 69 1- 

llajor "Benj. Church, 

Sir, your former readiness to expose yourself in 
Ihe service of the country, against tiie common ene- 
my, and particularly the late obligations, you have 
iaid u^on us, in these eastern parts, leave us under 
a deep and grateful sense of your favour therein. 
And forasmuch as you were pleased when last here, 
to signify your ready inclination to further service 
of this kind, if occasion should call for it. We 
therefore presume, confidently to promise ourselves 
compliance accordingly; and have sent this mes- 
sage on purpose to you, to let you know, that not- 
>\iiiistanding the late overture of peace, the enemy 
hiive approved tliemselves as perfidious as ever, and 
nre almost daily killing and destroying upon all oUr 
frontiers. The <jiovernour and council of the Mas- 
sudiusetts have been pleased to order the raising of 
one hundred and fifty men, to be forthwith despatch- 
ed into those parts ;. and. as we understand, have 
.written to your Governour and council of Plymouth 
for further assistance, which we pray you to promote, 
Jioping if you canoibtaia about two hundred men, Eng- 
lish and Indians, to visit thorn at some of their head 
quarters, up Kennebeek river, or elsewhere, which 
for want of necessaries was omitted last year ; it 
.may be of great advantage to its. We offer nothing 
of advice, as to what methods are most proper to be 
taken in this ail'air. Your acquaintance with our 
circumstances as well as the enemy's, will direct 
you therein.^ We leave the conduct thereof to your 
own discretion. But that the w^ant of provision, &.c.> 
may be no remora to your motion, you may please 
to know Mr. Geafiprd, one of our prhicipal inhabi- 
tants, now residing in Boston, hath promised to take 
care to sup^y to the value of t2€o or three hundred 

founds, if occasion require. We pray a few linos 
} the bearer, to give us a prospect of what we 

18 



r 



806 FRENCH AND INpIAN WARS. 

may expect for our further encouragement, an(J jep- 
main, 

Sir, yOHr obliged friends ^nd servants, 

William Vaughan, 
Richard Martyx, 
NATHAii^iJjL Fryer, 
William pRRifALP, 
Francis Hookb, 
Chahles Faost, 
John Wincol, 
RoBEKT Elliptt.'' 

{A true copy of the original letter ; which letter 
was presented to me by Captain Hatch, who caine 
expiess.) 

M:ijor (phurcli sent them his answer, the contents 
vrhereof was, that he had gone often enough for 
nothing, and especially to be ill treated with scan-, 
dais and false reports, wlien last out, v^'^hich ho. couldl 
not forget. And signified to them, that doubtlossi 
pome amongst them, thQUght they could do wilhou| 
)yni,i&c. Apd to niajie short of it. [thoy] did go 
out, and meeting with the enemy at M^quait, were 
most shamefully beaten, as I have been infi)rnv^ 
ed.* 

• 1 will lay b«iorf. i}vt leaUer an account of t^e affair bint« 
•?il atj as I tind it in 3.i'\ther, and will only oliscrvp, that, thai 
nnibor is enough inclined to favonr the s»id^ of thp F.nefligh, 
" About the latter end of July [1691] we sent out as nail army 
under the command qf Capt! Marcii, Capl. King, Caj>t. Shei** 
burn, and Capt. Vfalten, wb^ landing at Maqaoit, maiched 
tip to Pecbypfcot, but ^*^^ finding any signs of Uie enomy, 
?!»aTched down ?»ain. WJjilc tbf commanders were waitinj^ 
;uJiore till the enldiirrs woie got aboard, such ^i eat number^ 
of Indians pom ^^d in upon tUern, that thougb tbe comntanders 
wapted not for couraarc or conduct, yet they f<:und thera- 
selves obliged, wltb much aJc. (and !\ot without ibv? d^n^U 
of wortby Capt. SjierburnJ to retire into the vessels which 

tn«j kept pelting at one another 

which wa3 
tiu^e g<)ii^g t« 




JkJL 



I^AfiNCH AND INDUN WAB0. 2%i 



THE tHlRD EXPEDITION EAST. 

^__ » 

Tuts was in the year 1692. In the time 6f Sit 
William Phips'* government, Major Walley bein^ 
lit Boston, was requested by his e.tcellency to treat 
with Major Church about going east with hinl. Ma^ 
jor Walley coming hoiii€f,did as desired; and to en- 
tourage the said Major Chlifch^ told him, that now 

take the. isle of Shoals, and no doUbt had they gone they 
ivould have taken it, but having exhausted all their ammu* 
fiition on this occasion, they desisted from what they desigar 
fed." Magnalia, II, 5S0. . 

* GoTernpHr Phips " wfts ft fVewerigfand itlati,^^ bdfn at 
l?emmaquld, in 1690-1 ; being, as we are told, a younger sOd 
among twentysix children, of whom tit^ntvone were sons. 
By profession he was a ship carpenter. That business h« 
iSbon left ; and being sLn industrious ^nd persevering man, 
ftnd applying himself to study, soon acquired an education 
^mpetent Uir the discharge of conmion affairs, and then 
Went to sea. On hearing df a Spanish ship's being wrecked 
near the BabfttnStS, pra^e^ded to £ngfand, and gave so flftt« 
tcring an account of its value, and the practicability of ob'-i' 
taining it» that he was despatched in one of the King's. Ships 
in search of it ; but returned without success. Yet he be-- 
He red the treasure might be obtained ; and soon after^ the 
Duke of Albemarl sent him with two ships on the same busi- 
ness. After much excessive toil, and nearly on the point of 
abandoning the object, the treasure was discovered, and he 
succeeded in bringing from the Wreck three hundred tho/u,^ 
$and pounds. But after deducting the Duke's share and th6 
outfits^ and his own ereat generosity to his men, he bad left 
only sixteen thousand. He now had conferred on him the 
order of knighthood. In 1690 he commanded an expeditioa 
against Qucbeck,but from unavoidable obstacles did not ar« 
rive until too late in the season, and was obliged to abandoia 
the expedition. See note 1, on paze 177, where some parti- 
culars arc given. The King now for the first time compli* 
inented the Newengland agents with the nomination of their 
'Crovernour, and they nominated Sir William Phips, and be 
ari'ived at Boston, 14 May, 1692, invested with the proper 
authority. In 1604, he was sent for to answer some com- 
plaints in England, but fell sick before he had his trial and 
died, 18 Feb, 1695. All represent him as a strictly honest 
man, and a real friend to ois coualry. ^lather, Hdmeif 
"l&liot, and Allen. 



r 



\ 



see fius^cR and raDiAif #aA£ 

was the time to hdve recompense for his former 
great expenses ; saying also, that the country 
could not give him less than two or Uiree hundred 
pounds. 

So upon his excellency's request, Major Church, 
went down to Boston, and waited upoii hir», who 
said he was glad to- see him, &c. After some dis* 
course [he] told the said Church, that he was going 
cast, himself, and that he should be his second^ and 
in his absence, command alFtlie forces. And be- 
ing requested by his excellency to raise what volun- 
teers he could of his old soldiers in- the county of 
Bristol, both English and Indians, received his coni- 
mission, which is as foUoweth. 

•* Sir William Fhips, Knight, Captain General and. 
Governour m Chiefs in and over his Majesty*^ 
province of the Massachusetts bay, in JVeweng-^ 
land, 

To Fenjamin Church, Genti, G¥&^n^. 

Reposing special trust and contidence in your 
loyalty, courage and good conduct ; I do by these 
presents constitute and appoint you to be Major of 
the several companies of militia, detached for their 
Majesties' service against their French and Indian 
enemies. You are therefore authorized, and requir- 
ed in. theh" Majesties' names, to discharge the duty 
pf a Major by leading, ordering and exercising the- 
said several conipaiiies in arms, both infcriour offi- 
cers and soldiers, keeping, them, in good order ami 
discipline, commanding them to obey you as their 
Major. And diligently to intend the said service, 
for the prosecuting, pursuing, killing and destroyin^g- 
of the said common enemy. And yourself to ob- 
serve and follow such, orders and directions as you 
shall from time to tiine receive from myself, accord^ 
ing to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant ta 
the trust reposed in you for their- Majesties' service^ 



«*]|£NCH AND INDIAN WARS. 4»| 

(jriven under my hand and seal at Boston, the twen- 
ty fifth day of July, 1692. In the fourth year of the 
reign of our sovereign Lord and Lady, William and 
Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of 
England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of 
tho. faith, &c. 

WILLIAM PHIP9. 

By hia Excelleney'a conymavd. 

Isaac Addington, SecrJ^ 

Returning home to the county aforesaid, he soon 
raised a sufficient number of volunteers, both English 
and Indians, and officers suitable to command them^ 
matched them down to Boston. But there was one 
thing I would just mention, which was> that Major 
Church, being short of money, was forced to borrow 
six pounds in money of Lieutenant Woodman, in 
Littlecompton, to distribute by a shilling, and a bU^ 
at a time, to the Indian soldiers, who, without such 
allurements, would not have marched to Boston. 
This money Major Church put into the hands of Mr. 
William Fobes, who was going out [a»] their com*^ 
missary in that service* 

[He]^ was ordered to keep a just account of what 
each Indian had, so tliat it might be deducted out of 
their wages at their retujn home. Coming to Boston^ 
his excellency having got things in readiness, they 
embarked on board their transports, his excellency 
going in person with them ; being bound to Pema- 
^uid.f But in their way stopped at Casco, andburi-" 

1 [who] 

• Six pence. 

t This word is better written Femmaqmd as it*waL9 foproer- 
If pronouilced, and now ^nerally. This place is celebrat- 
ed as the .birth place of Sir William Pioips. Several places 
arc known by tnis name, but are all in the same vicinity^ an4 
4n the east side of Kennebeck river, and about SO miles ifODb 
iQ month. Httbbard. 






r 



\ 



S12 PRESCH AND INDIAN 

any mutiny, cmnmit other offence or disorders, you 
shall call a council of war ainon<]fst your officers, and' 
having tried him or them so offending, inflict such 
punishment as the merit of the offence requires, death 
only excepted, which if any shall deserve, you are 
to secure the person, and signify the crime unto me 
by the first opportunity. 
Given under my band this IHh day of August 

WILLIAM PHIPS.'* 

Then the Major and his forces embarked and made 
the best of their way to Penobscot. And coming to 
an island in those parts in the evening, landed iiis 
forces at one end of the island. Then the Major 
took part of bis forces and moved (toward day) to 
the other end of the said island, where they found 
two Frenchmen and their families!, in their houses ; 
and, that one or both of them had Indian women to 
their wives, and bad children by thenh. The Major 
presently examining the Frenchmen, [demanded] 
where the Indians were*? They told hira, that there 
was a great company of them upon an island just 
by. And showing him the island, [he] presently 
discovered several of them. 

Major Church and bis forces still keeping undis* 
covered to them, asked the Frenchmen where their 
passing place was ? Which they readily showed them. 
So presently they placed an ambuscade to take any 
that should come •ver^ Then sent orders for all the- 
rest of the forceskto come; sending them an. account 
^f what he had seen and met withal ; strictly charg- 
ing them to keep themselves undiscovered by the 
enemy. The ambuscade did not lie long before an 
Indian man and woman came over ia a canoe, to the 
place for landing, where the ambuscade was laid. 
fThey]^ hauled up their canoe, and came right int^ 
the hands of our ambuscade,whoso8ud^nIysurpri9^ 

1 {v/hoi 



<fd them that they could not' givo any notice to tins , 
Others from whence they came. The Major ordering 
thut none of his should oiler to meddle with tlie 
canoe, lest they should be ifiscoT^ered. Ifopin^ to- 
f?ike the most of them, if his forces ca'ne as ordered, 
(he expectin;^ them to come as directed.) Biit the 
first news [that] he had of them, wr.-?, tliat they wcre^ 
all coming, [and]^ not <privately as oriered, but the 
vessels fair in sight of t!ie enemy, which soon put 
fhern all to fli<jht. And our forces not havin:rb')ats 
suitable to pursue them, they c^nt all away in their' 
canoes, &c. [This]® caused Major Cliurch to say, 
[that] he wouU never go out a;^aii^ v/ithoul [a] 
sufTicient number of wiiale Goats, [the J^'want of whi^dv 
was the ruin of that action.*" 

Then Major Chufrch, according to' his inptrffc^tfonsT,. 
ranged all those parts, to find all their com, an(f 
carried aboard their vessels what he thou<?ht conve- 
nient, and dfjftroyed tiie rest. Also tinding consirfe- 
rable quantities of plunder, viz., Beaver, moose 
skins, (Lc. 

TIaviiig done what service they could in those 
p^rts, he returned back to his excellency at Peme- 
quid. Where being come, staid not long, i they be* 
ing short of bread) his excellency intended [gt^ingli 
home for Boston for more provisions. [In the way]"* 
going with Major Church and his forces to Koune- 
beck river ; and c<^ming there gave him further or- 
ders, which arc as followetli. 

« 

" J3y /«« Excellency the Governoui 

To Major Bknjamin Church. 

You having already received former instructionsi^ 
are now further to proceed with the soldiers under 
1 [though] » [whirh] 3 [for] * [but before] 

* Mather, II, aS7, sa/s that five prisonen^ were taken at 
tills time. 



r 



\ 



6l4 tREKCH aKD INDIAN WAttS. 

your command for Kennobcck rirer, and Uk; placcia 
adjacent, and use yoiir utmost endeavours to kill,, 
doFlroy and i'<\ke captive the French nnd Indian ene- 
iny wheresoever you shall fintl any of tJicm ; and at 
yoiir return to Pemequid (which you are to do as 
soon as yoU call conveniently ; after yonr best erw 
dcavour done against the enemy, and having des-* 
troycd tlieir corn and otlier provisions) you are to^ 
stay with all your soldiers and oilicers, luid set theirif 
to work on the Ibrt, and make what despatch you cai> 
in that business, staying there until my fiirlhcr order. 

WIJLLtAM nilPS." 

Theft his excellency taking Ictive ti-crit for Bostbi*,- 
lind soon after, Major Churcli (ind his forces had s 
smart ftght with the enemy in Kenncbeck river j pur- 
sued them so hard that they leil their canoes, and' 
tan up into the woods. [I^hey ] still pursued theib 
up to their fort at Tacunock,* which the enemy 
|;erceiving, f?et fke to their houses in the fort, and 
tun aAvay hy the light of them; and when Maio/ 
i'hurch cHme to the said fort, [hej found about half 
their houses staliding;, and f!ve rest burnt : also found 
great quantities of corn, put up into Indian crib%, 
vhich he and his forces ciestroycd, as ordered. 

Having done what service he could in those partSy 
Fcturncid to Pemequid. And coming there, eftinloy-' 
ed his forces according to liis instructions. Being 
out of bread [and J his excellency not coming, Ma- 
jor Church was obliged to borrow bread of the Cap- 
tain of themanjof war, that was then theco. for alt 
the forces under his command ; Ids excellency not 
coming as expected. But at length his excelfency 
came, and brought very little bread, more than 

^ This fort was aboot 64r.mil^s from the sea. Taconock, 
or a.^ Sullivan has it, Taconnet is a great fall of water in the 
Kennebeck. A; lhisi)lace, by order of Gov. Shirley, a fort 
was built ot« th'.- ea^t bank oi the river (in 1754) ami called 
tel Halifax. Minot'B Hist. I» ia«. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WAftS. 51* 

would pay what was borrowed of the man of war } 
so that in a short time after Major Church, with his 
forces, returned home to , Boston, and bad thc;ir wa* 
ges for their good service done. 

Only one thing, by the way, I will just mention } 
that is, about the six pounds [which j ivfiijor Church 
borrowed as beforeuieutioued, aiid put iuto the 
hands of Mr. Fobes, who distributed the yaid inoiie)', 
all but thirty shiliings, to the India)! soldiers, as di- 
rected, which was deducted out of their wages, and 
the country had credit for the sumo. And the said 
Fobes kej^t the thiiiy shillings to himself, which 
v.as deducted out of his wages. Whereupon Maji:r 
Walley and [the] said Fobes had some words, la 
short Major Church was obliged to expend about 
six pounds of his own money in marching down the 
forces both English and -Indians, to Boston, having 
no drink allowed them upon the road, A:c. So, 
that instead of Major Church V having the allowaiicea 
aforementioned by Major Walley, he was out of 
pocket about twelve pounds over and above what he 
bad ; all which had not been, had not his exccilencf 
beea ^onc out of the country. 



«?HE FOUUTH EXPEDITION EAST. 

In 1606, Major Church being at Boston, and be- 
longing to the house of representatives, several gen- 
tlemen requesting him to go east again, and tlie 
general court having ir)a<le acts of encouragement^ 
itc. He told them, [that] if they would provide 
vvhak'. boats, and other necessaries^ convenient, ho 
would. Being also requested by the said general 
couit, he proceeded to raise volunteers; and made 
it his whole business, riding both east and >vejit in 
our province and Conneeticut, at great charge and 
aifpcnses. And in about a mouth's tiir ad # 



i 



216 tRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

^Uf^icient number op.t of thase parts, an I uia^'ched 
tJiem down to Boston. Where he had the j)romise 
that every thing ^hoitld be ready in three weeks^ 
or a month's time ; but \vas obligC'l to stay co^isirle- 
rably lon;;i:er. Being now nt Boston, he received hiji 
commission and instructions; which are as followctli. 

'' WIT.LIAM STOUGIITON,^ Esquire, Lieutenant 
novernour, and Coram'.* nder in (Jhief- in and over 
hi-9 JIajf'Stys province of Alaasavhusetls bay, in 
^''ewengktndj 

To Ivjajor Benjamin Church, Greeting. 

Whor-eas there are several companies raised, 
V)nsisting of Englij^hrnen and Indians, for Iiis Majes- 
ty^s >Mvivio, to ;;o forth upon thj encouragement 
given by the great find gefi'.'ral court, or aasembly 
of this his Majosty'^ province, convened at Bo^to.'i, 
♦lie 27vh day of Mtiy, 1C.?J, to prosecute the French 
and Indian enemy, u:c. And yon havin:;^ ofll'rod 
yourscdfto take the command and convhi'^t of the 
said pevrral comprmies." By virtue, ti*erof )re, of tho 
pow^r i:nd autfi^jrity in and by his jlajei^ty's royjil 
conimlr.sion to me granted, reposin;?; spiicial trii?t 
and confidence in your loyalty, prndence, courage 

.* M-. Stoiisrliion was flie son cf f^racl S«ous;htnii of l>or- 
€}»r«»er, ai vvhicli plac*^ \\f* ww. born in JGS2. He graiMiated 
at Ha. ■ .ir.i e^i'HPjs^, U^50, and cnj^aging in theatady ol" divin- 
ity, i< >iii =^ t> have made an e{( ftlleot preacher, but was 
never f-rti'ied. I? also no id to ba^^*» por»Fe.>:5?;'. good <a!onts 
an-'l greai I'^arning. It may he 9.i\o\v*A that he hrid a ^reitt 
deulofsuii^e kin'l of learning, and v<*1, destitnte of inu'^h 
solid un^le.i^'iandirg or s^jk'iice. This no one wiU douht^ 
•when informed thai he Wds on*i of the pinclpal ju^^gcj?, wh^ 
sat and condemned fo Trinur uofodunale ptiraons for the 
imaginary crimf of viichcrcff^ in the witch a^e of Salem j 
a^dio add to his m.-ibrtune-, Dr. Ehot i^ays, that '' he wa< 
niore oslinite in lis erronr ilian others on the bench." 
When Phip- left \h<t government, he Avas Ui«^ commander in 
chief, in 1700 he was «gaiu in the office, lie died in 1702, 
At his expense was the college coiled Sioughton hall builL 
^. J^ Biog. 444, 5. 



PREXCH AND INDIAN WARS. SW 

.%nd good conduct. I do by these presents consti- 
tute and appoint vou to he Major of the said several 
companies, both Englishmen and Indians, raised for 
Ms M^oj^y's Service upon the encouragement afore 
5 lid. You arc therefore carefully and diligently to 
perform the duty of your place, by leading, ordering, 
and exercising the said f»everal companies in arms, 
hotli inferiour officers and soldiers, keeping them in 
l^ood order and discipline, commanding them to- 
*>bey you as their Major. And yourself diligently 
rt ) iiiteod his "Majef?ty's service for the prosecuting, 
pursuing, taking, killing or destroying the said ene- 
jiiy by sea or land ; and to ob«?erve all such orders 
i)ii(\ instructions as you shall from time to time re- 
ceive from* myself, or commander in chief for the 
:f jme being, acc*,t Jing to the rules and discipline of 
^var, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given 
under my hand and seal at arms, at Boston, the 
4hird day of Augu.rt, 1696, in the eighth year of the 
reign of our sovereign Lord Willtam the III, by 
the grace of God, of Enghirtd, Scotland, France^ 
;and Ireland, Kmg, defender of the faith, dec. 

AVILIJAM STOUGHTON 
By command of the Lieut. Governour, &c. 

Isaac Addington, Stcr^^ 

^^ Province of Massacnn^etfs hay. By the Right 
Ihnourable the Lieutenant Governour and Com* 
mander in Chief. 

Instructions for Major Tr-vjAiviiN Cjturctt, Cowi- 
niander of the forces raised for his Majesty'' s ser^ 
tHCfi. against tlie French and Indian enemy and 
rebels. 

Pursuant to the commission given you, you are 
to embark the forces now Airnished and equipped 
for his Majesty's service on the present expedition 
to the eastern parts of this province, and with them, 
and such others as shall offiir tliemsclvea to go foitb 

19 



ii6 fr£n6b AitD ntbixn wass. 



\ 



on the said service, to sail unto Piscataqua, to joiil 
those lately dcspatchod thither for the same Q.\pcdi« 
tion, to await your cowing. As\<\ with all care vliiA 
. diligence to improve the vessels, boats and men un- 
der your cornniand in search for, prosecution anJ 
pursuit of, the saldrnomy at such places where you 
, may be informed of their abode or resort, or where 
. you may probably expect to find, or meet with them, 
. and take all advantages against thorn which ]p^rovi« 
dcnce shall favour you with. 

You arc not to list or accept any soldiers that nx^ 
. already in his Majesty's pay, and posted at any town 
. or garrison within this province, without special order 
. |i'oni myself. 

You are to require and give M<iit orders that the 
duties of n ligion bs attended oa board the several 

• vessels, and in the several coq^panics under your coiur 
mand, by daily prayers unto God, and rcafling hi.s 
}io]y word, and ob.;erva^ce of the Lord's day to the 
utmost you ciui. 

You are to see that your soldiers have thei^- div5 
fiHowance of provu;.i<»ns, and other necessaries, anri 
that the sick or v. jundetl be accommodated in the 

• best luanncT your circumstances will admit. And 
lliat good order a:id Qom-njmd may be' kept uj) tur.\ 

' Hiaiptai^icd in tlie several con^panies, and all disor- 
. dcrs, druiikcnncs:^, profane cursing, sweariuj. disobe- 
dience of officer.-', mutinies, omissions or negh;ct of 
tltity, be duly punished according to the laws mar- 
' tinl. Aiid you are to require tlie Captain or chief 
, ^tRcer of cjach ccmpany, with the clerk of the same, 
to keep an exairt journal of all tlieir proceodingj| 
from time to tim3. 

In case any of the Indian enemy and rebels offer 

U> submit thein -elves, you are to receive them, only 

at discretion ; l>ut if you thm^ ^^ ^^ improve any of 

(hom, or any others which you tnay happen to tako 

^*)t|?BQ^J^vy^^ ^^y cncouriiiffc t^qcd ^o bo faitliful bjr 



..»■;■*•' 



i'RENCtt AND INDIAN WARS. 21». 

t\ic promise of their lives, which shall be granted , 
upon approbation of their fidelity; 

You are carefully to look after the Indians which 
you have out of the prison, so that they may 
hot have opportunity to esciSl^ but otherwise im- 
prove them to what advantage you can, and return 
them back again to this place. 

You are to advise, as you can have occasion, with 
Captain John Gorham, wh<J a<icom;)anies you in tlH« 
texpeditioil, and is to take your command in case of 
your death. A copy of thesij instructions you arj 
to leave wilh him, and to give me a& accoiunt fincwn 
lime to time of your proceedings. 

WILLIAM STOUGHTON; 

Boston, August I2th, 1696.**^ 

^ In the time [that] Major Church lay al Boston, the 
news cartle of Pemequid fort's being taken.* It came 



««- 



. * Thus th? ibrt rhioxj uaJ ctniui^ cdnntrf &n tmm«KS6 dttm 

tX rAoney, was entirely demolished. This was ifort WiUiant 
Hcnrv, uuilt in the lafit expedition. Two men. of war wcra 
tsf^nt from Boston, early this year, (1696) lo cruise off the river 
8t. Johns^ for an expected French store ship \ but anhappiWi 
I be French at Quebeck hid dei^patcbed two men of war mt 
IhTi czLptnre of the above said fort. These fell in with the twd 
lilnj^Vi'^U vessels, and b-^ing more than a match for them, cap^ 
taroJ one, called the Newport, the other, taking advantage 
of a fot;, j^ot back to Boston. Th«» Frencli now proceeded t^ 
attack the fort, being strengthened by - the addition of th« 
Newport, and Baron Castinc with $00 Indians. Th^ French 
were commanded by one Il^erville, << a brave and experienced,^ 
otficer,*' and the En^libh fort by one Chubb, without hrav^ 
TV or experience. On tile 14 July, Iberville arrived before 
ttie fort, and immediately sent in a summons for its stfrr^Hk* 
der. Chubb returned a mere gasconade for an answer* 
Says he, " If the sea were covered with French vessels, an4 
ih« land with Indians, yet I would not give up the fort.'* 
8ome firing then commenced with the small arms, and tJiut 
closed the lirit ds^y. The night following Iberville laade^ 
some cannon and mortars, and by the next day at S of u^% 
clock, had so raised his works as to throw 5 bombs into th«[ 
ib rt, to the great terror of Chubb and his men. And to a^ 
to their terrori Gtitioe foond oicenj-.toeeevqi % fetlcg. inlie 



2&« FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR9. 

by a shallop that brought some prisoners to Boslony 
who gave an account, also, that there was a French 
■hip at MouDtdesart* tliat had taken a ship uf ours. 
So the discourse was, that they would send the mau 
rf war,t ^*t'^ other forces to take the said FrcncI* 
•hip, and retake ours. But in tlie moan time Major 
Church and his forces being rca/iy, enilKLckcd, aiid on 
the fifteenth day cS August, set sail for Piscataqin, 
where more men were to join them* (But before 
Aey left Boston, Major Church discoursed witli the 
Captain of the man of wax,, who promised him. [that] 
if he went to Mountdesart, in pursuit of the French 
•hip, that he would call for him and his forces at Pis- 
cataqua, expecting that the French and IndiaiiS 
might not be far from the said French ship, so that 
he might have an opportmiity to fight them while he 
was engaged with the French ship.) 

Soon after the focces arrived at Piscataqua, tlkQ. 

Iflaior sent his Iniiiaii »oiui«V» lo Colonel (xidncv.! at 

»ii . ■ II .. . .11- II 

the f::rt^ importing, that **if tbey held out the Indians uoultl* 
Dot be restraineif, for he had seen sn^h orders from the Kins^ 
to Iberville." Upon this Chubb surrenderied and tl;e French 
demolished the fort. Hutchin^n, 11,88 to 90. Mather^ 
MafEnaliar, U, 549, says, that the- fort contained <<95 moii 
double armed which mi^t have defended it against nine 
limes as mkny assailants." Chubb lived at Andovor, m here 
itt February following he was killed by a small }>arly oC 
about 30 Indians, who fell upon the place. lb; 554. 

• Desert it should be. A vfry large island covering: tlj^ 
ar^a of about I8& square miles, and nearly all the waters of 
the bay of Fundy or Frenchman's bay. It was named Moiils 
Deserts by Chamnlain, in. honour, perhaps, of De Monts 
with whom he haa formerly sailed. It was once called Mt. 
Mansell by the English, which, Mr- Savage (in Winthrop^, 
I, 33) thinks was so called in honour of Sir Robert Mansctl 
Ujuned in thereat Charter. . 

t There were two men of war now at Boston, which with 
lome other vessels were sent in pursuit of the enemy and. 
came in sight of them, but effected nothing. Hutchinson. 
H, 91. 

X Bartholomew Gidney, one of the judges of 1699, whose. 
Aaiae is sufficientlf peqpetuated in CaUTs '' More WoiudcnL 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WAJCSl . ^31 

iTork, to be assisting for the defence of those places,^ 
who gave them a good commend for their ready and 
willing services done 4 in scouting and the like. 

Lying at Piscataqua with the rest of our'force« 
near a week, waiting for more forces who were to 
join them, to make up their coraplcmcnt.f In all 
which time heard never a word of the man of war. 
On the twentysecond of Augnst> taey all embarked 
ffromj^ Piscataqua. And when they canjo against 
York, the Major went ashore, sefiding (Captain Got- 
ham | with some forces ia two brigantines and a sloopi^ 
to Winterharbour. Otdermg him to send out scouts^ 
to see if they could muke any discovery of the ene» 
my, and to wait there till ho came to them. 

Major Church coming to York, Colonel Gidney 
told him, [that] hi& opinion was, that the eneniy wat 
drawn off from those parts; for tliat the scouts could 
not discover any of then>, nor their tracks. So hav- 
ing done his business there, went with what forces he 
had there, to Winterharbour, where he had the same 
account from Captain Gorham, [viz.,J that they had 
not discovered any of the enemy, nor any new tracks* 
&;, concluding [that] they were goiKJ from those 
parts towards Penobscot, the Major ordered all the 
vessels to come to sail, and make the best of their 
^ [forj 

of th« Invisible World.'' He was an associate with Haw^ 
" thorn and Carwin, in executing the laws against witchcraft.- 
Small time has b«cn s|ient for more inlbrBiation of him, and 
as little has been found. 

• The Fcench were expected to make othet. attcmptt 
along the coast, which they threatened after their- success at 
Femmaquid. 

t Their whole force, it appears from Butchinson, 11, f>l, 
was 500 men. 

X Captain John Gorham seems from this time through t^t 
1^ the other expeditions to have acted a oon^icuous pilri. 
Oi^ve ^nd no other accounts of hiiu^ 

*=- • " ' /' 'll- • • *i '' *"» .' -• s- 






r 




way to Monhegin,^ which being not fiir from Pendfc-' 
scot, where the main body of o5r enemy's living was^ 
Being in great hopes to come tip wiui the army of 
French and indians^ before they had scattered and 
gone past Penobscot, or Mountdesait, wipcb is the 
c^ef place of their departure from each other after 
such actions^ 

Having a fair wind, made the best of their way, 
and early next morning they got into Monhej^nr* 
And there lay all day fitting their boats, and other 
necessaries to embark in the night at Musslenechf 
with their bosCts. Lying there au day to keep undis* 
covered from the enemy. At night the Major order- 
ed the vessels a41 to come to sail, and carry the for- 
ces over the bay J near Penobscot. 'But having little 
lyind, he ordered all the soldiers to embark on boan^ 
itic boats with eight days provisioHy and sent the vcs-^ 
sels back to Monhegin, that they might not be dis- 
tv>vered by the enemy; giving them ort^prs, ^iteia 
ind where they should cQihe to him. , * 

The forces being all ready in their boats,; rowipgf 
very hard, got ashore at a jpoint near Penobscot,^ 
just as the day broke. [They]^ hid their boats, and 
keeping a good look out by sea, and sent out scouts^ 
by land, but could not discover either canoes or Ib^ 
Aians. What tracks and ike places they saw were 
judged to be seven or eight days before they came..: 
As soon a^ liight came, that they might go iindi»-.. 
covered, got into their boats, and, went by MuSste*- 
seek, and so amongst Penobscot islands, looRing vexy 
sharp as they went, for JGres oo the ^orc, and for 
canoes but found neither. 

-r ■■ ' ■ , . ■ • L. 1 . 

., * An ifitsnd on the east side of Kennebeck liVer, and about 
i^ miles from the main, celebrated as the }$lace where Cant* 
John Smith landed in 1614 ; here he 'built some houses, tibe 
remains of which were to be seen when Judge Sullivan wrote' 
Ibis history. It is spelt Mouheagan. 

"t A pfmii in Monheagan bland. 

I Tht ^ 4»f Peoobseot. § Mouth of 1? 



ttciitCti ASt) mClAN WAH91 225* 

Getting up to Mathebestucks hills, [and] day com- 
ing on, landed and hid their boats ; looking out for 
the enemy, as the day before, but to little purpose. 
Night coming . on, to their oars again, working very 
hard ; turned night into day, [which] made several 
of their new soldiers grumble. But telling them- 
[that] ihfiy hoped to come up quickly with the enemy, 
put new life into them. By daylight they got into the 
mouth of the river, where landing, found many ren- 
dezvous, and fireplaces, where the Itidiuis had beea ; 
but at the same space of time as beforementioned*" 
And no canoes passed up the river that day. Their 
pilot, Joseph York,* informed the Major, that fiftf 
or sixty iniles up that river, at the great falls, the ene- 
txiy had a great rendezvous, and planted a great 
quantity of com, when he was a prisoner with juiemr 
four years ago ; and that he was very well acquaint- 
4Bd there. This gave great encouragement to have 
had sonie considerable advantage o^* the enemy at 
that plac6. ' ■ . 

So using their utmost endeavours to get up there 
tmdiscovered* And coming there found no enemy, 
mor com. planted ^ they having deserted the place. 
And ranging about the falls on both sides of the river, 
leaving men on the east side of the said river, and 
the boats just below the fefls, with a good guard ta 
secure, them, and to take the enemy if they came 
4own the river in their canoes. The west side being 
the place where the enemy lived and best to travel 
on, they resolved to rnfige as priYati^Iy a$ they could* 
A mile or two abov^ the fkUs, [tliey] discovered a 
jbirch caaoe ceding down with two Indians in it. 
The Major sent word imi^tiediately back to those 9^- 
the falls, to lie very close, and let ihtm p«99 dowft 
the falls, and to t^e them alive, that he might have 
mtclligenoe where the enemy were, (which would- 

• York prol)ft1ily belonged here, for it appears from Sul1i» 
van, 146,tfiat person^ of tliis name wevc airioivg the eaxlj^ 
pioprictors oftnc lands of Kennqbcclii 



r 



334 PRElfCH AND INDIAN WAHSfc' 

have been a jrrout advantage to thf^m. ) But a foolSsk- 
soldier seeing them pass by him, shot at thorn, con- 
trary to orders given, wh.ch prevented them [from] 
going uito the ambuscade, that was laid for thoin. 
Whereupon several more of our men being near, 
•liot at them. So that one of them could not stand 
when he got ashore, but crept away into the brush. 
The other stepped out of tho canoe with his paddle 
in hiS hand, and ran about a rod and then threw dowa 
his paddle, and turned back and took u]) his gun, 
and so escaped. One of our Indians swam over thd 
river, and fetclied the canoe, wherein was a con^'idor- 
able quantity of blood on the seats that the Indiana 
sat an, [and [ the canoe had several holes siiot in her< 
They stopped the holcfi, and then Captain Bracket* 
with an Indian soldier, went over the river, [andj^^ 
tracked tliem by the blood about half a mile, {where 
thtsyj found his gun, took it up and seeing the blooct 
no iurtlier» concluded that he stopped [it^P and s^ 
got away. 

In the mean time, ano^ilier canoe with three men 
wfcre coming down the river, [and being]* fired at 
by some of our forces, ran asliore, and left two ot 
their gun^ in the canoe, which were taken ; and al- 
so a letter from a prie><t to Casteen, [giving]^ him aa 
account of the French and Indiana letummg over 
the lake to MountroyaI,f and of therf little service 
done upon the MaquasJ Indians westward ; only de^ 
1 [whoj * [bis blood] * [were] ^ [that gave] 

. * The same person mentioned at page I $6. 

t Mont rcaL 

X This was the name given hj the Dutch to the Fivena«> 
fioBS of Indians, See N. Y, Hist. Soc. Col. II, 44. By the 
French they were called Iroquois, between whom their w^ra 
wore almost perpetnaL An account of what is hinted at ia 
the text may be seen in Smith's Newyork, 147, 149, and N, 
Y. Hist, Soc. Gol. II, 6T, «S. The expedition was executed 
r count De Frontenac now (1696; Governour of Cana- 
iTr ]\aJ a«?*'»mb!^d a ;2:reat bdi^v^ of his fri<»n'j Indrm.-* 
iLd1fiere|;it nation*^,. wKidli he joined with. t«o baltjai''5;uBi 




PRENCft AJJtD INDIAN WARI^: 

inl^lishm/5 one fort, and cutlSng down some con, ^ 
&c. lie desiring lo hear of the proceedint|;8 of Do- 
bi>ralnieL and tlie French man of wur. And inforiii- 
ed liiin that there were scveKil-' canoes coining:- wiih 
workiii'en" from Q^nebcck, to St. Johns.* Wherb' 
since, we concluded, it was to build a fort- at , tli«» 
river's moutli, When the great guns were takfcn; &c.' 
It bfeing just night, tiie ofiicera were callgd t>- 
geliicT to ndvise, and- tiierir pilot, York, inforniccy 
them of a fort lip that river, afid that it wad built en' 
a little island in that nVer; and thuf tliCF^ was na' 
g^nt'ting to it, hut in eanoes, ii¥^ on.' die ice in tlta' 
wuJttiT time. This with the certain' knowledgie thj.t^ 
wo w"ctii discov43red by the enemy that esca|>ed out- 
of the upper cahotj, concluded it not proper, at that- 
tnntj, to pK>ceed any fiihher up ; and that there was 
no m'ttinfef anv further with our boats ; and the onu* 
nsT beiiig alarm'M, would- certUinly fly from theni; 
(f^nd do ».s ttiov' did four ycrirs ago at thcii'' fort at. 
Tn'^onock. HavLriij^ foughl them in KennAeck river,* 
m\d pursued them about tiiirty miles to" "Taconock,^ 
they then set their fort on fire, and ran away by tiie 
fight o{ it, ours not being able to come up.with them 
8* thill' pliice.) 

of r'*t;u'ar-. Th«y lofl oNfontPf^af, about the first of .J'.i!y,aiLd 
with iUo greatest Jiiluruliy |i<*nWrrttnii ah'mt i200 miles into . 
l4i'.* wiliiorn<^r-s. Nollung w;i«s rlK* ctod Ijy this great army, 
l^Fi \\\p. huniingol'a lew Intiian huls and torturint; a i'.:w 
prisaners, {h\e. . irciun^tance ol*th*r latter, a*: a striking ex- 
aiii;>le of-miignaniiiiily, ontho ono sicl?,. and moio than sav- 
aj^e barharit y on the other, vMaW he related. On the ajv- 
prcjiidi oflh*^ Count witfi hisi army to an Indian town, it wjAj 
d'^'if^rtod by all iii inha.hitanU, c\i'Ci>t an aged chipf, of neay 
WO years fl*? was iinin''dia1oly put to torment. Osi* 
t?tal;bc»d liini with a knif^, at whiv'h lio exclaimed, " You hatf 
Tiotior make in? die by lire, I hat theec French tiog«> may lrar& 
how to .HiiVor like in«^n," i^c. He continu:id iirm until he 
exfiired un ler the xnu!»i excruciating toiturc that could bo 
itkvi'uiv.d, 

* At the mouth of the river St. Johns, in what is now N"* 
Bfunaw^-l'. 



(^ 



426 French and ii^dian WAfes. 

Major Church then encouraging his soldiers, tol(i 
Iheirt, [that] he hoped they should meet with pan of 
llie enemy in Penobscot bay, or at Mountdenart^ 
where the French ships were. So, notvvLti)standin<( 
tifoy had been rowing several nights before, wilS 
tmich toil, besides were short of J>rovisions, thcj' 
thcer fully embarked oh bdafd their boats, and went 
down the river both with and against the tide. And 
next morning came to their Vessels, wiwire llic Major 
had ordered them to meet him, who could give him 
ho intolligence of any ciiemy. Whore being com« 
they refreshed ihcmwlvej}. Meetiiig then vviih riacH 
Iher disappointment ; for their pilot, York, not be- 
ing acquainted any fuftlier, Ihcy began to lairK'iit 
the loss of one Robert Cavvley, whoni they chiefly 
d«]x^nded on for all the service to be done now 
eastward. He having been tukeii iiway from them 
the night before they set suil from* Boston (ajid wa> 
t>Ti board Mr. Thorp's f^lfrop) nnd put on })r.ard th6 
inan of war unknown to Major Church, notv.-lthstand^ 
ing he had been at the trcnble and charge of J)rcH 
curing him. Then the Major was obliged to one 
Bord,* procured by Mr. Vi'illiam Alden, who being 
acquainted in those {>arts, to leave his ves5;el, and 
go with him in the boats, which he readily complied 
with, and so went to Nasketf point, where being in- 
formed was a likely place to xrieet the enemy. Com- 
ing there, found bcveral Ikoiises and small fields of 
i:<»rn, the fires having been out several day??, and no 
xu w tracks. But upon Penobscot island they foum) 
si?veral Indian houses, corn and turnips. Though 
the enemy still being all gone, us beforementloned. 

Then thev divided, and sent their boats some one 
w^ay, and some another, thinking, tliat if any strag- 
gling Indians, or Casteen himself, should be there-* 

• The name of 15or«i or ratiiftr Boad a« Sullivan has it, is 
fountl amou^ the lirst inhabitants of Saco. Hist. Maine, SIS« 

t Or Nansirae;, in the towu ui' Wo(|lwich oo the eM Mile of 



»RENctt At(B ttrmiarwidifi. vrt 

libout, they might find them, but it proved all \tk 
iruiii. Himself and ^several boqts went to Mountdo" 
sart, to see if tJiJ French ships were gone, nnJ 
^'hether any of the enemy miglit bo thero, but to no 
purpose ; the ships being gone and the enemy also* 
They beiag now got several leagues to the westward 
of their vessels, and seeing that the way w^as clear 
for their vessels to puss ; and nil their extreme row-? 
-ing, and travelling by land and water, night and day, 
to be all in vain. (The enemy having left those 
parts as they judged, about eight or ten days before.) 
And then returning to their vessels, the commander 
Galling all his ofncers together, to consult and re- 
solve what to do ; concjuding th'it the enemy, \vf 
some means or other, had received some intclligenca 
of tiicir being come out against them ; and that tliey 
were in nq necessity to come down to thc^ sea side 
as yet, moose and beaver now being fat. 

They then agreed to go so far east, and employ 
themselves, that the ei^cmy belonging to these parts, 
might think [th^t] they vrcre gone homo. Ilavijv^. 
seme discourse about gc^ng over to {St. John?;. But 
the masters of the vessel-? said, [that] [they]' liad a^ 
good carry them to old France, tfcc, ^'hich put olF 
lliaj. design, (l^hey concluding tiiat the French ship.? 
were there.) l?hcn the Major moved for going over 
the bay towards Lahane,* and towards the gut of 
CanQ<;r,t where was another considerable fort of In? 
dians, who often came to the assistance of our ene-i 
niy, the barbarojiis Indian*. Saying, that by the 
time they should return ogain, the enemy belonginj| 
to these parts would conie down again, exjxjctini^ 
that wo were gonq home. But in. short, could not 
{)revail with tiie masters of the open sloops to vc?ii- 

. ilhe] 

r- -; — ■ 1 ■ ■ 

'^ This same if spelt Layhone in a succeeding pa|,e. 

.fProperlji Cancean, and pTi>nounced Canfio. It is tho 
ilrait between Gape Breton hianri aoH Korasootia CMinee^ 
'|j^ (he Atlaiktie With the gi|ir of Si. Lawrence. 




^6 FRENCH AVD INDIAN WAR9. 

,ture across the bay.* [They]* said [that] it wa;^ 
very dangerous so laite in the year, ana as much as 
their lives were worth, &c. 

Then they concluded and rosolvcd to go to Se- 
ractaca,f wherein there was a ready €onij>liance.. 
(But the want of their pil^'t.: Robert C-.Pvloy, wa:^ a 
■freat damage to thcno, who knew nl' t-«o-.' parts.) 
i^Iowevcr, Mr. Jolin Alden, rr:?..-ter oft'ie ! >rl;j:*iritine Eii- 
4leavour, printed thcin up l!;fi ?viy to Sorr«i':l:;ca. A n*i 
coiiiingto Grinstoiuf p^'r.':. b;jin7 nol fur froni S4> 
iiai'taca, then came to. w:t?: all lUc vcvs^f'Iis, an I ear- 
ly next mornini; casi? tc s.iil, r.nd lihouf suurirc «rot 
iirto town. But it bci»i? so hit: Ixf^rf* vo 1 mdo.^, 
that the enemy, mopt of tlicm m.uic th'Mr o7:\;rv^. 
And as it hnpj)encd |-\v^^j hind^'d wly/vr t.hr» iy:i;ieh 
|ind Indiuns hai soino time hcfive 'kilVd f iir-Ucntint 
John l*aino.^an<i several ^ofCttptriin ^rRJliison'sinrn, 
that were with said Paine*. T'lt v sr^ein-j our fjroea 
eomiii'T, >took the opporlanitv, f.r.'A foverai guns, 
V 4ind so r3lK ali into the woo<ls, I t»i;'!"I carried all or 
TaD.-*t part W their ^»;oo.'.l6 v.'itli llicm, Oio Jarman 
JJridgwnyjj wmio runiiinir towiird:> our forces:, with 8 

1 [who] 

* Bav f>f Fundv. 

t This, I prc!=uiu», •i-'; whal rs railed Sij^npclo in ftoT. Da.-I- 
W's inslnirtions io'Col. Ch-Tirh rorthp iiiTIi expedition. It 
iis'sinc?* W;iltrn Chiccn^clo. aT«» is the »ortl;crn arm of Ihe 
lav hf hv M^Ti NovaspQti^ and I^ejrbruxi.^^yick. Here the tide 
ri>(**i an- fnU? GO fnr.tj. 

t T Mipr^o'^f^ 111*" rcji"1#»r vrouV^f «»'H or(»r Hiis word bottor, 
•*vj»r'' it ir-^.'t hy.ter. Bil ihr aheraiion would fee immaterial^ 
as it [^ til? nanT? of a pii^**/ 

§ Tli!^ sArn", 1 |>r<;«4i''i", who, in 167.0-7, a.visted Major 
•AViiI'lron in :,'.t(i:ng a treaty will) \\\p eastern Indians. I 
•1^3 vn no fx\^vc of li'.m Uiin U f 'ind hi Mr. Hubbard';^ Nar 
849, for. Of Smi{h.-;cn 1 learn nolbiH[];. 

II Giiarlevoix, w!io was batter, arquainled with Frencl| 
names than our anlhor, calls him Boujfgeoi*^ He was one 
of the. priiic::'ni inh.ibi^jRt^^'lhe plac/». See Hi?1. Ma*. II, 
0'4, ^[.3. Ifutchin.^on, i?r., «ia'y5;,.that "Church calls liim Bridg- 
iman/* Perhaps h*? did in ur despatches ^i it is noj^ sQ- 



•FRENCH AOT) INDIAN WARS. 22f 

§ 

gmi in one hand, and* his cartridge box in the otjber, 
^[aiid] calling to our forces to stop, that he might 
ispeak with them. But Major Church tliinking [that 
'tfiis]^ was [done] that they iright have spo^e advan- 
tage, ordered them io run on. When the said 
Bridgvyay saw [that] they would not stop, turned 
and ran. But tlie Major called unto him, and bid 
Jiiih stop, or he should be shot down. Some of our 
jTorces being near to the said Bridgway, said, [that] 
it was the General that called to him. He hearing 
■Ihat, stopped and turned about, laying down his gun, 
stood, till the Major came up to him. His desire 
V. as, that the commander would make haste with 
him to his iiouse, lest the savages^ should kill his 
father and mother, who were upward of four score 
3'ears of age, and could not go. The Major asked 
the said Bridgway whether there were any Indians 
'.amongst them, and where they lived 9 He shaked 
hi« head, and said, he durst not tell, for if he did^ 
;they would take tm opportunity, and kill him and 
iliis. So all that could be got out of him was, that 
Tthey were run into the woods with the rest. 

Then otdcrs wore given to pursue the enemy^ 
:and to kill what Indians they could find, and take 
the French alive, and give them quarter iif they ask- 
ted it. 

Our forces soon took three Frenchmen, who, up- 
-on examination, said, that the Indians were all nm 
•into the woods. The French firing several guns^ 
:jand ours at them. But they being better acquain- 
4ed with the woods than ours, got away. The Ma- 
. jor took the abovesaid Jarman Bridgway for apilot, 
^nd with some of his forces went over a river- tf> 
.several of their houses, but the people were gone* 
and [had] carried their goods with them. In rang- 
ing the woods [they] found several Indian houseis^ 

-I [it] 



* Church's savages. 
20 



■o'^--. 



r 



030 fuench and indian wars. 

their fires being just out, but no Indians. Spending 
that day in ranging to and fro, found considerable 
of their goods, and but few people. At night the 
Major wrote a letter, ard sent out two French pri- 
soners, wherein was signified, that if they wouW 
rome in, they should have good quarters. Tlie 
next day several came in, which did belong to 
that part of the town where our forces first land- 
ed, [auilj^ had encouragements given them by 
our commander, [viz.,] tl^at if they would assist 
him in taking those Indians, which belonged to 
those parts, tliey should have their goods re- 
turned to tliem again, and their estates should 
n')t be demnified; [baij* they refused,* Then 
the Major and hta- forces pursued their design. f 

1 [who] 8 [wbiclj] 

* What Hutf.hinKon, II, 9^, observes concerning (his very 
Ke.vcre reqnisition, is too ju t to be unnoticed. " This was % 
hard condition, and inrtr'jct, obliging th**m to auit their 
conntry ; for otherivisp, a« TOon as the English had left them 
without fullloi?nt protectior, the incensed Indians would 
Lave fell upon them without mercy." 

t '' Charlevoix sav«, (in F.J, I\[a^. IT, 02, 93j) thaf Boar- 
gtois pr j'i'jced a writing, by which Sir William Phi ps h«ti 
given a'-ruranC'*?? ormfjlecrior. to the inhabita'itfs of Ch'*^nec* 
to, wljilst tliey rerramod i' dt . .ful .subjects of King William \ 
end that Cl^xuch f!;ave o' 'er ihat nothing in their houRe", 
fcc, :-ho;ild be toTichet! ; but whilst he was entertained by 
B:>urg^^i^> together with t-ie f.rincipal o(lici'»r«?,the r^yi of the 
prmy dispersed them^elv^ s among the other houses and be* 
liaved as if thar had been in a conrpiered country." An^l^ 
♦* that many of the inhabitant.^, not trui^ting to Ibe promises 
of the General [Church] refjised to come in, and that it wa«i 
very well they did ; lor so jn aOtcr he broke through all 
bounds, and left only the diurch and a frw houses and barns 
standing ; and having d'scoverei!, posted up in the church, 
an order of Fronlcnuc, the Governour of Canada, for the re-r 
fc;ulation of trade, he threatened to tr<*at them as rebels, ^et 
i^'Ve, to the church, and the bou-es which b'^ had spared arxd 
which wore new all reduced to a«:hes ; and liaving done this,, 
he presented a wr.tin^ which he totd them was an acUnowU 
^d^emeut of iheir havin;; renewed th'»ir subjection to Kin;; 
^illiam, and w^nld i^r '». security to them in ca.=e any En^*. 
ll^h should again iaai skiaoDg theni,'- Before regarding thia 



And went further ranging tlieir country, found sGYe-- 
tral more houses, but the people [had] fled, and car- 
ried what they had away. But in a creek [theyl 
found a prize bark, that was brought in there by a . 
French privateer. In ranging the woods, took some 
prisoners, who upon examination give our comman- 
der an account, thelt there were some Indians upon 
a neck of lund, towards Men is.* 

So a piPirty of* mert was sent into those woods, Ift 
their ranging about the said neck, found some plun- 
der, and a considerable quantity of whottleberriesj 
both gre^n and dry, which were gathered by Hit In- 
dians. [They]^ had like to have taken two Indians'; 
[butp by the help of a bifch tanoe [they] got over 
the river, and madd theit escape. Also tliey found 
two barrels of powder, and near* half a bushel of bul- 
lets. The French denying [them]^ to be theirs, [and} 
.said [that] they were the savages; but sure it might 
be a supply for our enemies. Also, they Hook from 
Jarnian iJridgway several barrels of powder, witU 
buUetSj etliot, spears and khiv^s, and other siippliei 
to relieve our eilemiei^- He owned tliat he had been 
trading with those Indians along Cape Sable f shore, 
with Peter Assnow; and, that there he met with the 
French ships, and went along with them to St; Johns^ 
and helped them to unload the said ships, and car- 
ried up the river provisions^ ammunition and othef 
goods to Vilboon's fort. J 

The Major having ranged all places that were 
thought proper, returned back to the place where 
I [and] a (who] 3 [it] 

account as perffictly correct, it should be roinembered that 
the Jesuit Charlevoix ever portrays the affairs of the French 
in amiable colours. 

* On a basin of the eaist arm of the bay between Novasee*. 
tia and NewUrunswick. Morse spells tii« word two ways^ 
viz., Mines and Minas. 

t The southwest point of NTovai^cotia. 

$ This ibrt was u|>oa the river 3t. JohaiL 



2iZ JfRENCH AND INDIAN* WARK 

the J first landed. And finding several prisoners cotn^ 
in, who were troubled to 5ce their cattle, j^heep, hogsr- 
and dogs lying d^ad about their houses, chopped an«l 
hacked with hatchets, (whicli was done without order 
irom the Major.) However, Jh3 told them, [that] it 
was nothing to what pur poor English, in our frontier 
towns, were forced to look upon. For men, womciy 
and children were chopped and hacked so, and left 
balf dead, with all tlteir scalps taken off; and that 
ihey and their Indians scr%'ed ours so ; and our sava* 
jes would be glad to serve fhem so too, if he would 
permit them, which caused bhem to be mighty sub-^ 
Biissive. And [they] begged the Major that he would 
•ot let the savages serve them so. 

Our Indians being somewhat sensible of the dis- 
course, desired to have some of them to ibast, and so- 
lo make a dance. And dancing in a hideous man- 
jBer, to terrify the^^, said, that they could eat any" 
uort of flesh, and that some of theirs would maktr 
their hearts strong. [And] sti^ppirg up to seme of 
the prisoners, said that they must have their scalps-, 
which much terrified the poor prisonfrrs, who begge<t 
for their lives. Tlie Major told them [that] he did 
not design the savages should hurt them ; but it wr9 
to let them see a little what the poor English felt, 
saying, [that] it was not their scalps [that] he want- 
ed, but tlie savages ; for he should get nothing by 
tbcm ; and tOld them, that their fathers, the friars anA 
Governours encouraged tlieir savages, and gave tlieni^ 
Hioney to scalp our English, notwithstanding they 
were with them, which several of our English, there 
present, did testify to their faces, that their fathers 
and mothers were served so in their sight. 

But the Major bid them tell their fathers, (l^he fti-. 
ars and Govjernours,) that if they still persisted, and 
let their wretched savages kill and destroy the poor 
English at that rate, he w^ould come witli son>e nun- 
dreds of savages, and let them loose amongst them^ 
whp would ki)l| scalp, axid carry away ever^ Frenott 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, . 2SS' 

^person ia all those parts ; for tbcy were the root fromt 
whence all the branches camei that hurt us. For 
the Indians could not do us any harm, if they Rhor 
French] did not relieve and supply them. The 
French being sensible of the Major^s kindness to 
them, kissed his hand, and were very thankful to him 
for his favour to them in saving their lives. [TheyJ 
owned that their priests* were at thef taking of Peme- 
quid fort, and were now gone to I^ayhone, with some 
of thelndian?5, to meet the French ships, but for what, 
they would not tell. 

The commander, with his forces, having .done all 
they could in those parts, concluded to go to St- 
Johns river, to do further service for their King and 
country; [so] embarked all on board their trdns- 
ports.f And having a fair wind, soon got to Mono- 
genest,! which lies a little distance from tlie moiith 
of St. Johns river. 

Next morning early, the Major with his forces^ 
landed to see what discovery they could make ; [so • 
they] travelled across the woods to the old fort of 
falls at the mouth of St. Johns river, keeping them- 
selves undiscovered iSrom the enemy. Finding that 
there were several men at wotk, and having informed 
themselves as much as they could, (the enemy being 
on the other side of the river, could not come at 
them) returned back. But niglit coming on, and 
dark wet weather, with bad travelling, were obliged 
to stop in the woods till towards next day morning, 
and then went on board. 

Soon after the Major ordered all the vessels to 
come to sail, and so into the.moutli of the river. 
[That] being done, it was not long before the Major 
and his. forces landed on the ea9t side of the riveri 
the French firing briskly at them, but did them no 

^ Castine was mentioned as being there. See uote, page. 
519. 
t On the SO Soptcmber. 
J On the north inAn of ihe riTcf-?*' 

20* 



niENCH AND INDIAN WAMT. 

h^rm. And running fiercely upon the enemy, theT 
fiDon fled into the woods. Tnc Major ordered a brisic 
party to run across a neck to cut them off firom their 
eanoes, which the day before they had made a dis* 
cpveiy of. So the commander, with the rest, ran 
directly towards thencw fort [that] they were build- 
ing, not knowing but [that] tney had some ordnan(*.e» 
mounted. The enemy running directly to their ca* 
noes, were met by our forces, who fired at them and 
killed one, and wounded Corporal Canton, who was 
takenv The rest threw down what they had, and ran 
iFuto the woods. The said pris<^er. Canton, being, 
brought to the Major, told him^ [thatj if he would, 
let his surgeon dress \m wound and cure him, he> 
would be serviceable to him as long as he lived. So 
being dressed, he was examined. [He]* gave th& 
Major an account of the twelve great guns whiclt^ 
wvere hid in the beach, below high- water mark^ 
(The carriages, shot, and wheelbarrows, some Sour 
apd pwk, au hid ia the woods.) 

The next morning the officers being all ordered 
to meet together, to cbngult about going, to Vilboon*fl. 
fort, and none amongst them being acquainted 
but the Aldens, who said, [that] the wat^ in the 
river was very low, sa that tney could not get up tOr 
the foct; and the prisoner, Canton, told the Com- 
mander, that what the Aldens said was true. So 
not being willing to make a C»iada expedition, con- 
oliided [that] it was: not practicable to proceed** 
Then ordered some of the forces to get the great 
guns on board the open sloops, and the^ rest to range 
tiie wood&for the enemv, who took one- prisoner and 
brought [him] in. [They]* in their ranging, found 
there a shallop, hauled in. a creek. And a day or 
^o after there came in a young soldier to our forces, 

,— J .. I ■ ■ ... .. . , 

* The un^cceflsful attempt on Quelieck by Sir ^/Villian^ 
!Phi| s. which was i.ettidere^ abortive by the Uteaess of the 



FRENCH AND INDUN WARS. 23» 

who upon examination, gave an account of two mord 
which he left in the woods at some distance. S(» 
immediately the Major with some of his forces went 
in pursuit of them, taking the s^d prisoner with 
them, who conveyed them to the place where he left, 
them, but they were gone. [They] then asked the 
prisoner, whether tliere were any Indians in those- 
parts ? [He] said No, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon^ 
their Govcrnour, to get an Indian down to the waiter 
sid^i as it was for him to carry one of those great 
puns on his back to bis fort. For they having hadf 
mtelli^ence by a prisoner oot of Boston jail, that 
gave tnem an acpount of Major Church and his for* 
ccs coming out against them. 

Now, having with a great deal of pains and trofl-^ 
ble, got all the guns, shot, and other stores aboard^ 
intended [to proceed] on our design, which we eama 
out first for. But tlie wind not serving, the com- 
mander sent out his scoiiit» fnto the woods to seek 
for the enemy. And four of our Indian* came upo» 
three Frenchmen undiscovered, who concluded, that 
if the French should discover them, [they] wouM 
fire at them, and might kiU one or more of them ; 
which, to prevent, fired at the French, killed one^ 
and took the other two prisoners* And it happened 
that he who was killed, was ShaAelece, the chief 
man there, &c. 

The same day they mended their whale boats^ 
and the shallop whi<A they took ; fitting her to row 
with eight oars, that she might be helpful to their 
posecuting their intended design against the enemy^ 
in their returning homeward. Then the conmmnder 
ofevderine all the officers to come together, informed 
them of his intentions; and ordered that no vessels 
should depart frcmi the fleet, but to attend the mo- 
tions of their Commodore, as formerly; except they 
were parted by storms, or thick fogs. And if so, it 
diDuld happen Uiat any did part, when tfaey came tj^ 



liff fREPf Cff ANd INDIAN WAKS.* 

Passamequady/ shouUl stop tliore awliilo j fot* 
there they intended to stop and do busini;s«, witJx 
the help of their boats against the enemy. An<J if 
they missed that, to stop at Machias,f wlach wad 
the next place [that] ho intended to stop at. Hav- 
ing an accf)unt by the prisoners taken tliat Mr. Late- 
rilj was there, a trading with the Indiana in ths 
river. [And] encouraging thciri, said, [tliat} lie did 
not doirl)t but to have a good bo(yty there. And if 
they sliould pass those two places, h<\ nixve not to g-i 
past Naske^^e ^ point ; but to stop there till be cDme^ 
dnd not to depart thence in a fortirigut witfwut hi» 
orders; having great service to do in and about Pe- 
nobscot, &c. 

Then Major Church discoursed with Captaia 
Bracket, Captain Hunewell, iind Captain Larking^ 
(with their Lieutenants) commanders of the C>rcc>?y 
belonging to the eastward par4:s, who were to dis- 
course their soldiers about. their proceedings, when 
they: came to Penobj?ebt. And the Major himself 
was to discourse his Indian soldiers, aiid their Cap* 
tains, who with all the rest readily complied. Thy 
projection being such, that when they came to Pe- 
nobscot, the commander designed to take what pro- 

* Bettei' written Pa»«;ammaquaddy. Coa«ters rail it Q»io<?- 
dy. It is a deep bay, which begins the separation of the 
Briliith dominion^ from Maine* 

t The bay of Machias is separated from Pasranimaqnodd/ 
fcy Pleasant poii^ on the west. A river Haws into this baj 
ef the ^ame name, on ^hich is the town of Machia«». 

t "Wtioever thi« (person m^glit b>, we hear no more of him, 
DnJy that he was i Frenchman, and had a family at Moiint- 
d€£t»rt J that he was taken in the lart expedition; and that 
hisname wa8.ol<{ Lateril or Lotriell according to the early 
writei's who mention him, which of course^ was all they luaew 
about him. 

$ What Sullivan calfe Naiiscag, I expect, almost np to the 
Kennebeck, but on the east side, and now within the towii 
6f Woolwich. See pace 236. of this bisturr, where it is siv^ 



f&ENCH AND INDIAN WARS" i^ 

tisi^fts could be spared out of all the slooj^s, a^d' 
put [it] oTi boarcf the twa brigantinos, atid to send 
6ll the sloops home with some of tlie officers and 
men that Wanfed to be at home. And then- witJv 
those forces' aforementiotKid, to vxity the eastward 
men, and all the Indkins ; tod to take what provi-' 
sions and ammunition was needfal-, and to marcfV 
with himself tip into the Penobscot country, m 
search of the enemy, and if f>osssib!e to take that- 
fort in Penobscot Yi'ver. Captain Bracket informing: 
the Major, that when the vv^atef wadt low.: they coiihf 
wade OFterV whic& was at that t\ttiQ\ tiic foVi^esfr thal^ 
had been knownr in- ^ long tWnc^ 

And being there', to r'angio tfijfioijgli that Cotintr/ 
down to Pemeqnid, where he intended [that] ther 
two brigantineS should meet themr; antlfrom thence' 
taking niFore provisions, viz., bread, salt, and ammii- 
nition suitable (to send those two vessels home also)' 
to travel throu;2;h the country to Nerigiwack^* and* 
from thence to Amerascogen fort, and so dowrf 
where the enemy used to plant; Not doubting bu6 
that in all this travel to meet wijh many of tlio ene- 
my before they shoufd get te Piscat'aqua. AB 
which intentions were very acceptable to the force* 
that were to undertake it. [And]^ rejoicing, said^ 
they had rather go home by land than by water-,? 
provided their commander went with them. [He,]* 
tp try their fidelity, said [that] he was grown an-* 
cient, and might fail them." [But] they all said they 
would not leave him, and when he Csould not travel 
Uny further, they wouki carry him. 

Having done what service they could, at ami 
about the moutli of St. Johns river, resolved ort thef-r 
1 (who] * [whoj 

• Norridgv^wock. This name has been sa?)jpct to almoflit 
AS many methods of spelling, aa its neighbour, Androscoggin. 
It was an ancient celebrated Indian town on the Kennebeclc 
river, about 84 miles from its mouth by tho course of the rivcr*- 



f 



48d. ^aiSNGH AND li^DiAN^ Wars. 

thtended design. And tbf? next rnorning, having 
but little winu, came all to sail. Tho wind corning 
iagainst tlicm they put into Mush<]ua8li cove. And 
the next day the wind being still against them, thcf 
Major with part of his forces landed, arid employecl 
themselves in ranging the country for the cnehiyj 
but to no purpOsse. [Hut J* in the night the wind 
^nilie pretty fair, and iit tvVclve o'clock they came to 
§aiK [TheyP had not been out long before fhcy 
l?nied three sail of vessels ; expecting them to be 
l^rch»>h, fitted to dtifcikl themselves. So cominff 
hear, hailed thein, [dtiJJ'' foiind them to be a nitia of * 
war, tiie province galley , and old Mr'. Alden*' in a 
sloop, Willi inore forces. Colonel Htithornef confi- 
mandei'. 

Major Chiltch went aboard the Comrrtcklofre, inhere' 
Colonel Hathorne was, who gave him an accotfiit ot 
bis commission, and orders, and read them to Inniv 
*rhcn his honour told Major Churcli, that thore vv^as^ 
a particiiirr crdor on board Captain Southack for iiiia^ 
tihich is as folioweth. 

[Td Major f^^Jamin €hurcL'] 

^^Bmton^ September 9iA, 1696[.. 

Sir, 

His Majesty*s ship Orfofd, having lately surprised 
IL Freftch shallop^ witfr tvventythree of the soldiem 
- l[and] a [and J » [Whol 

• The same often mentioned in fho preceding' pages. Se^ 
note 3, on page 10(>. He was in IU02 imprisoned for witch* 
craft, and |)revionslf examined by Han'ihorn, under whoni 
he appears ia this expedition. See Hutchinson, II, ^0, and 

t Col. John Hathorne or Hawthorn. ^ This gentleman* 
licwerer unfit he might be to succeed Church, it is certain 
that he may now be better emnloyed than wh«n committing 
wei^ckes at Salem. I learn little of him, excepting what majr 
bo seen in Hutchinson, and Calel*. Perhaps he was a sou of 
William Hawthorn, the first speaker of the court of Massa* 
chusetts, upon rtcvd. Hi-t. Ma--. 1, 150. He was quite ac- 
tive ill these war-, aV^ in the fo'-.uer. Nothing very brilliattt 
appears to have t>een (lerfarmad unUer his commaiid. 



♦eENCH and INDIAN WARS. 29» 

belonging to the fort upon Johns river, in Novascotia, 
together with Villeau, their Captain, providence 
seenis to ericourage the forming of an cxpc^dition to 
Attack that fort, and todisrestand remove the enemy 
from that post, whrch is the chief source from whence 
the most of our disasters do issue, and also to favour 
with an opportunity for gaining out of their hands 
th^ ordnance, artillery, and other warlike stores, and 
provisions, lately supplied to them from France, for 
erecting a new fort near the river's month, whereby 
they will be greatly strengthened, and the reducing 
of them rendered more difficult. I have thereforo 
ordered a detachment of two new companies, con- 
sisting of alx)at an hundred men to join the JTorces 
now with you for tliat expedition, and have commis- 
sionated Lieutenant Colonel John Hathorne, one of 
tli8 r.^ embers of his Majesty's council, who is ac- 
quainted with that river, and in whose courage and 
conduct I repose special trust to take the chief com- 
mand of the whole, during tliat service, being well 
«.s>5urcd that your good alVectionS and zeiil for hi;? 
Majesty's service will induce your ready compliance 
and assistance therein, v/hich, I hope, will take up 
no long time, and be of great benefit and udrantngo 
to these his Majosty'j^ territories, if it please G«xl to 
succeed the earn «;. Besides, it is very probable to 
be the fairest opportunity, that can be offered unto 
yourself and men, of doing execution upon the In- 
dian enemy and rebeli, who may reasonably be ex- 
j>ected to be drawn to the defence of tliat fort. I 
have also ordered his Majesty's shi]> Arundel, and 
the province Galley to attend this service. 

Colonel Hathorne will communicate unto you tlie 
contents of his commission and instructions received 
from myself for this expedition, which I expect and 
order that yourself, officers and soldiers, now under 
you, yield obedience unto. lie is to advise with 
yourself and others in all weighty attempts. Pray- 
ing for ai bteaslhgf from Pleaven upon the said enter:- 



•JMO FRENCH AND INDIAN 'WARI 

prise, and ihat all engaged in the same niiiy bia undejF 
the speciul protection of the Almighty. I am yovat 
loving IHeAd, 

WILLIAM STOUGIITON." 

The Major having read his last orders, and con» 
^idcring his commission, fotmd that he was obliged 
4y attend all orders,"* ifcc, was ftiuch concerned that 
he and his were prevented in their intended project 
tion, if carried back to St. Johns. Then discoursing 
with Colonel Hatftorne, gave him art account of what 
they had done at St. Jofuis, viz., that as to the de- 
molishing the new fort, they had dohe it; and [had] 
jgot all their great guns ^id stores aboard their ves» 
fiels. And, that if it bad not been that the wat^rg 
were so low,' would hnYis iaken the fort up the river 
also, before he come away. Told him also, that 
one of the prisoners which lie had taken at St. Johns, 
upon examination; concerning the Indians in those 
parts, told him, [that] it wiis as hard for Vilboon their 
Oovcrn<^r, to get one of their Indians down to tha 
fvater side, as to carry one of those great gUns upon 
liis back. And that they had an account of him 
f Church,] and his forces' coming to tliose parts by n 
-fmsoner out of Boston jnil. Also, told his honour, 
that if they went back it would wholly disappoint 
them of their doing any further service, which wa» 
[what]^ they came for to Penobscot, and places ad* 
jacent. But all was to no purpose. His honour telK 

1 [that] 

• Church coalil not but bf» otiVrnied at suf.h boyish conduct, 
which will more fally aonear in th*^ ensuing n.arjation. Im- 
portant service, pcrbap-, misjht have bf en done in the exe* 
4rution of the plan that C.hnrcb and his forces were then about 
to enter upon. They would doubtless have relieved the eaist- 
ern people from their gan-isoas in which they had most of 
the year teen sh-at um^. The savages had bovered around 
the settlements from Pa5cata-:-na \o their extent eastvrard, 
and had between the 7 May, and 18 October, killed and i^-* 
ken about 34 of the inhabitant? ; ^ being of the former ^uiii» 
1^. See Magnalia, II, 549, 50, 



ITRENCH AND INDIAIf WARS. 241 

ing the Major that he most attend "his orders then 
jeceived.* 

And to encourage the officers and soldiers, told 
-them, [that] they should be wholly at the Major's 
<i:>rdering and command in the whole action. And to 
1)0 short did go back and ihe event may be seen in 
Colonel Ilathome's journal of the said action.f 

Only I must observe one thing by the way, which 
was, that when they drew off* to come down the riv- 
fCr again, Colonel Ilathorne came off and left-the Ma- 
jor behind to see that all the forces were -drawn off. 
And coming down the river, in or near the rear, in 
the night, heard a person halloo. Not knowing at 

- -, .... » ■ ! . . . .. I. ■ ■ ■ ■■ 

* The superceding of Chnrcli, says Hutchinson, IT, 94, 
•" wap. an impolitic measure, unless any misconduct in Church 
made it necessary that he should be supercedeil." But noin- 
>ne ol'that kijid.is made aippear, and can be accounted for, 
onij*, by supjvosir.K that Stou^hton ha^ -not fully recoverec^ 
from the debility li« had received in th€ late IFttch Crusctde 

t The lournai of Hatliome, referred to, is undoubtedly 
4ost, which we 4iave to regret. Perhaps Hutchinson had the 
•u«e of it, as the account which he gives of the expedition 16 
fomewhat particular. He mentions, n,'?J4,5, that ViHcbon 
. had timely notice oftheir ob^^t, and the reinforcement ; and 
accordingly bad m^de the. best arrajxgements he could to rie- 
teivetbem. They ef Vctcd a landing on the 7 October, npt 
however without co&siderable opposition. The ^aine day 
they raised a battery, and planted two lii^ldpieces iipon it. 
With these aftd t'heir small arms they commenAed an attack" 
upon the fort, which %v^as answered. The* following 'night 
being very cold, the English made fires to keep them frcm 
pcriMiihg. But this beiug a sure mark fyr the enemy's can- 
non, were obliged to X'Ut them out, and suffer the inclemency 
of the weathrr. Church's men SHffering more extremely, 
being almost la^e of clothing from tlieir Icng service. Di.v 
copragemonl no* ^jeized Iht^m, and they drew ojST the next 
night; Mather makcs.no reflections on the planning and 
executing of this expedition. ••* The difficulty of the cold 
t>eason so discouraged our men, that after the making of 
some few shot the cnterprize found itself under loo much 
eongri^tion to proceed any further." So he say8» MagnaHa, 
If, bCt^t No apcouni is g4VQn that stny v^es;^ killed^ 

21 ■ 



94S FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKS. 

first, but it might be a snare to draw them into; but 
upon consideration, sent to see who or what he wajs^ 
and found him to be a Negro man belonging to Mair- 
blehead, that had been taken and kept a prisoner 
amongst them for some time. The Major asked him, 
whether he could give any account of the Indians 
in those parts ? He said Yes, tliey were or had been 
all drawn off from the sea coast, up into the woods 
near an hundred miles. [They] having had an ac- 
count by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that Major 
Church and his forces wer6 coming out against them 
in four brigantincs, and four sloops, with twentyfour 
pettiaugers, (meaning whale boats) which put them 
into [such] a fright, that notwithstanding they were 
90 far up in the woods, were afraid to make fires fay 
day, le^t he and bis forces should discover thet 
smokes, and in the night lest they should see the 

light. 

One thing more I would just give a hint of, that 
is, how the French in the eastward parts were much 
surprised at the motion of the whale boats. [They J 
said^ [that] there was no abiding for them m that 
country. And . I have been informed since, that 
soon after this e:i^pedition, they drew off from St, 
Johns fort and river. 

But to return. Then going all down the river, 
embarked and went homeward. Only by the way, 
candid reader, I would let you know of two things 
that proved very prejudicial to Major Church and his . 
forces. The first was, that tlie government should 
miss it so much as to fend any prisoner away from 
Boston before the ex))edition was over. Secondly, 
tliat they rfiould send Colonel Hathorne to take them 
from the service and business they went to do ; who, 
by submi»f?ion, doubtless thought [that] they did for 
ilie best though it proved to the contrary. 

So [I] shall wind up with a just hint of what b&p- 
pencd at their coming home to Boston. Afi^r all 



FftENCH AND INDiAJf WaM; 44* 

their hard service both night and day, the gbvern* 
ment took away all the great guns and walrKke 
stores and gave them not a penny for them (except 
it was some powder, and that tiiey gave what they 
pleased for.) And besides the assembly passed a vote 
that they shoilld have but half pay. But his honour 
the Lieutenant Governour being much disturbed at 
Iheir so doing, went into tl^e town house, where the 
irepresentatives were sitting, and told them, except 
they did reassume that vote, which w^as to cut Major 
Church and. his forces off their half pay, they should 
sit there till th^ next spring. Whereupon it wad re* 
assun^ed. So that they had just their bar6 wages* 
But as yet, never had aiiv allowance for the great 
guAs and stores; neither has Major Church had aSny 
allowance for all his travel and great expenses in 
raising the said forces, volunteers. 



***— ■ ri afaM^ji— .^^fc 



i^E nF^H AND LAS¥ BXP£l>ttl02l 1!AS1*# 

In ttl^ year 1703-4, Major Church had fUi account 
of the iiiiserable devastations made on Oeerfield,^ a 
town in the westward parts of this proviace,f and 
the horrible barbarities, and cruelties exercised on 
those poor itniocent people by the French and In- 
dians ; especially of their cruelties towards that wor* 
thy gentlewoman Mrs. Williams, and several others, 
whom they marched in that extreme season ; forcing 
them tQ carry great loads. And when any of then^ 
by their hard usage could not bear with it, [theyl 
were knocked on the head, and so killed in cool 
blood. All which, with some other horrible instan- 
ces done by those barb$irous savages, which Major 
Church himself was an eye witness to in his forme^ 
travel in the eastward parts, did much astonish him. 

• A more particular account of the " Destruction of Deer- 
field" will be given in the IX Appendix to this history. 

t On Connecticut river, abottt 90 miles from BostotL^ 



m4 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS: 



■tm- 



To 660 a woman that those barbarous savages' 
had taken and killed, exposed in a most brutish man- 
uer (as can be expressed) with a young child seized 
Jhst with strings to her breast [The]^ infant had 
TO apparent wound, which doubtless was left alive 
to suck its dead mother's- breast, and so miserably to- 

Eerish and die. Also to «ce otiier poor child rea^ 
anging upon fienGes, dead, of either sex, in their 
•wn poor rags, not worth stripping: them of, in scorn^ 
and.aerision. 

Another instance was, of a straggling soldier, who- 
was found at Casco, exposed in a shameful and bar- 
barous manner. His body being staked up, his head 
cut off, and a hog's- head set in the room 5 his body 
ripped up, and his heart and inwards taken out, and 
private members cut off, and hung with belts of their 
own, the inwards at one side ot his body, and his. 
privates at the other, in scorn and derision of the 
English soldiers, Slc 

These and such like barbarities caused Major 
Churcli to express himself- to this purp«se^ That 
if he were commander in chief of these pi^nccs, 
Ae would rooB put an end to those barbaritiesj doncj: 
by the barbarous enemy, by making it his whole bu^ 
siness to fightand destroy those savages as they did' 
our poor neighbours, which doubtless might hav&. 
been done if rightly managed, and tiiat in a short 
time, &c. *So that these with the late inhumanities 
done upon the inhabitants of Deerfield, made such 
an impression on hi» hearty as donnot well be express- 
ed. So that his blood boilbd within him, making: 
such impulses on his mind, that he forgot all former' 
treatments, which were enough to hinder any man, 
especially the said Major Churcli, from, doing any 
lurther service. 

Notwithstanding all which, having a mind to take 
some satisfaction on the enemy, his heart being fiill^ 
took his horse and went from, his own habitati<Hl^ 

1 [whichi 



FRENCH AN1> INDIAN WAR& 245 

near seventy miles, to wait upon his excellency, and 
offered fais serrice to the <^ueen,* his excellency 
and the country ; which his excellency readily ac* 
cepted of, and desired Major Church to draw a 
scheme for the ensuing action, or actions. So jtak* 
ing leave went home, and drew it, which is as foK 
lowetli. 

" Tiverton, February 5, 1703-4. 
May U please your Excellency — 

According to your request, when I was last with 
yourself, and in obedience thereunto, I present you 
with these following lines, that concern the prepara- 
tion for next spring's expedition, to attack the ene- 
my. According to my former* direction ; for it isr 
good to have a full stroke at them firsts before they 
have opportunity to run for it. For the first of our 
action will be our opportunity to destroy them, and 
to prevent their runnkig away, in wayUying every 
passage, and make them know we are in good 
earnest* And so we being in a diligent use of means, 
fve may hope for a blessing from the Almighty, and 
that ho will be pleased to put a dread in their hearts, 
tiat they may fall before us^d perish. For iny ad- 
viee- is. 

First. That ten or twelve hundred good able sol- 
dies, well equipped, be in a readiness fit for action, 
by the first of April at farthest ; for then will be 
the time to be upon action* 

Stcondly. That five and forty or fifty, good 
whabboats be had ready, well fitt^^* **^ith fire good 
pars ind twelve oi fifteen good paddles to every boat. ' 

■ ■■..-■ 'r 

• Anne, who came to the throne of England in 1703. Sl'f. 
rtignei until her death in 1714, »nd thenUhe Knc of Geor- 
ges conmenced. This war w^'ch began in 170S is general- 
ly called Queen Anne's v«»r- Dr. Douglass calls it ••* Dud- 
ley's Indian War." ^^t this must be regarded as one of 
his loose denomif>^<"^^» ^^^ ^he war had already originated, 
when Got. J>adley entered upon his office* \ 

21* - 



246 FBSXCH AND INDIAN" WARS! 

And upon the wale of each boat; five pieces of sirotigr. 
leather be fastened on each side to slip five small ash 
bars through ; that so, whenever they land, the men 
may step overboard, and slip in said bars across, and 
take up said boat tiiat she may not be hurt against 
tlie rocks. And tliat two suitable brass kettles be 
provided to belong to each boat to xlrc^s tlie men's 
victuals in to make their lives comfortable. 

TlnrcHy. That four or five, hundred pairs of good 
Indian shoes be made ready, fit. for the service for 
tlie English and Indians, that must improve the whale 
boats and birch canoe; for they will be very proper 
and Sfafe for that service. And let there be a good- 
•tore of cow hides weir tanned, for a supply of such 
shoes, and hemp to iT\ake thread, and wax- to mond 
and make more such shoes when wanted, and a good' 
stove of awls. 

Fourthly. That there be an linndredlarg^ hatch- 
ets, or light axes, made pretty broad, and' steeled with 
tlie best steel that can be got^ and mad^ by work-- 
.m6n, that [they] may qut very well, and hold, that 
the hemlock knqtd may not break or turn them, to 
widen the landing place up the falls. For it may 
happen that we may get up with some of 'oiur wliaW 
boats to thetc falls or. headquarters. 

Fifthly. That there be a suitable quantity ofsnial- 
bags, or wallets pravide<l^ that every man that wtunH 
may have one to put up His bullets in, of such a sixt 
f as will fit his gun, (andnot be served as at Casco/) 
\ That every man's bag be so marked that* he may lot 
change it- Jor if so, it will make a great confuson 
in. fiction^ Thar cvqj:^ man's store of ball be we'gh-- 
^to him, that so he"m:iy be accountable andflaay 
not squander it away and also his store of poi^dcr; 
t&ftt so he may try his powdfes and gun before action. 
And that every particular company may have a bar*- 

" - II 

* Tliere most of their shot was so la.^ that it was useless, 
onlj^ as it was hammered, and was not cUscovered until 
MM engagement took place with the enemy. &«* page 106. 



FRENCH AND IlfDlAK WAftSL *4f 

fel of powder to Uurinselves and. so marked dKit it 
may by no means be changed. That men may know 
beforehand, Bnd may not be cheated out of their 
lives, by having bad powder, or not knowing how to 
txse it. And this wiU prove a great advantage to 
the actiottr 

Sixthly. That Colonel John Grorham, if he may 
be prevailed with, may be concerne^^n the manage- 
ment of the whale boats, he having, been formerly 
concerned in; the eastern parts and experienced in* 
that aftair. And whalemen then w^ll be very service- 
able in this expedition, which having a promise made 
to thcra, that they shall be released in good seisony 
to go home a whaling in the fall?, yoiir excellenc]^ 
will have men enougliv 

Seventhly. That there mtiy be raised for this ser^ 
vice three hmidred Indians at least, and more if they 
may be had; for 1 know certainly, of my owh know-' 
ledge that they exceed most of our English in hunt- 
ing and skulking in tlie woods, bein^ always used to' 
it. And it must be practised if ever we intend to* 
destroy those Indian enemies^; 

Eighthly^ That the soldiers already out eastward 
in the service, men of known judgiaeat, may take & 
survey of them and their onns, and see if their arm* 
be good and they know tK>w to use them in shooting, 
right, at a nrnrk, and that theybe men of good reagoa 
and sense to know how to manage themselves in so 
difficult a piece of service as this Indian hunting, is,, 
for bad men are but a clog, and binder^ance to aif 
army, being a trouble and vexation to good com^ 
maiiders^ and so many mouths ta devour the country's^ 
provision, and a hinderan€e ia all good actions. 

Nhithly. That special care be bad in taking up^ 
the whaleboUts that tJicy btr goetij-snd Hi lor that 
service, so that tire country be not cheated as for-^ 
merly in having: rotten boats and as much care that 
the owners may have good satis&ction for them. 

Tenthly. That the tenders or transports, vessefs 



<■. 



MS tllfilfCH AND INDIAN WARSL 

to be improved in this action, be good decked vessels^ 
not'.too big because of going «p several rivers Irav- 
ing four or six small guns apiece for defence, and 
the fewer men will defend tliem, and tfiere are 
enough such vosfiels to be had. 

Eleventhly. To conclude all, if vouf excellency 
will be pleased to make yourself great antl us a Imp- 
py people, as to the destroying of our enemies and 
easing of our taxes, (fcc, be pleased to draw fortli all 
those forces now in pay in all the eastward p.^rti?, 
both at Saco and Casco bay, for those two trading: 
houses never did any good nor ever will, and are not 
worthy the name of dueen's forts ; and the first 
building of them had no other effect but to lay us 
under tribute to that wretched pagan crew ; and I 
hope will never be wanted for that they were first 
built; [—p but sure it is, they are very serviceable to 
them ; for they get many a good advantage of us to 
destroy our men and laugh at us for our folly, that 
we should be at so much cost and trouble t6 do a 
thing that does as so much harm, and na'manncr of 
good : but to the contrary when they see all our for- 
ces drawn forth, an^ in pursuit of them they will 
think that we begin to be roused up, and to be awake 
and will not be satisfied with what they have pleased 
to leate us, but are resolved to retake from them 
that they took formerly from us, and drive them out 
of their country also. The which being drjne, then 
to build a fort at a suitable time, and in a convenient 

f>lace, and it will be very honourable to yoqr excel- 
ency, and of great service to her Majesty, and to 
the enlargement of her Majesty's government (the 
place meant being at Portroy^l.) 

Twelfthl y. That the objection made against draw- 
ing off the forces in ihe eastward parts will be no 
damage to tlie inhabitants, for former experience 
teacheth us tliat so soon as drawn into their country, 
they will presently forsake ours to take care of their 
"ow^.^ And that there be no failure in making pro- 



FBEN€H AND INDUN WARS. 2^ 



"V 



fiarafion of these things aforementioned; for many 
times the want of small thtngs- prevents* the complet- 
ing of grer.t actions. AncV that every thing he iir 
readiness before tlie forces be raised to prevent 
charges, and the enemy's having intelligence. And 
that the generdl court be moved to nrake suitabte 
acts for thfe encouraging both English and' I-ndians, 
that so men of business* may freely offer estates and 
concerns to serve the publick. 

Thus hoj^ing what I have takerr fhe pains to wrifcf 
in the sincetity of my heart, and good affection, will 
be well accepted, T make bold to subscribe* as I am^ 
your exCeHency's most devoted humble servant, 

BENJAMIN CHURCH.'* 

Then ris turning to' his excellency, presented the 
said scheme, wJiich his excellency approved of, and 
fetumed it again to Major Churcbj. and desired hira 
to Sice that every thing was provided ; telling BinV 
he should have an order from the. (Commissary Gene7 
Tal to proceed. Then returned home, and made it- 
Ik'is whole business to provide oars and paddles, and 
jM vessel to c^arry tfiem round, and then returned ag«ia* 
to his excellency, who gave him a-comaHssion whicJi;- 
is as^ folloVveth.' 

^ Joseph tferMxEY,* J?igF., Caplam General and Go- 

vermmf in Chief, in and over h$j' Majesty's jn'O^ 

^ \ .,,■, rf ■■ " ■ ■ ■ I.I,... __ 

* A son of Thomas DudleVy who came to America in Ib^Oy 
an<( wbo'ha>s been celebratetf lor his bitterness against tolcra- 
tiort. Some poetry fov^iJ in-]H» pock«t (says Morton, 151, > 
after his death, is so singular, and characterislicr: ol* the 
times, that I m«y be pardoned- for so much digressiog as io> 
josert a clause oi* it^ 

** Let men of God in CWirts ?Lnii ^thorchcs w&teti 
0*er such as do a toleratifm hatdi ; ! 

Lest that ill e;^ bring forth a cockatrico^ 
To pnis^in hII with heresy and vic«. 
If men be left, and otherwise combine. 
My epitaph's, / dt/d no lihert(ne" 
The snl.j'-ct of Ibis note was born in 1647, graduated a!t 
ftacvard College^ 1665, aad is vaid to bare been emiaem^ £r' 



350 FUSKCH AKD INDUN WARS; 

vince of the MasscLchusetts bay, in J>/eivtnglafhd, 
in America^ mid Vice Admiral of the sam^^ 

To Benjamin Church, Esq., Greetitig. 

By virtire of the placer and authority, in And by 
jier Majesty's) royal coiilmission, to me granted, I dm 
by these presents, reposing special trust atid conlfi- 
dence in your loyalty, courage, and good conduct, 
constitute and appoint you to. be Colonel of all the 
forces raised, and to be raised for her Majesty's ser- 
vice, against the French and Indiah enemy and rebelfs^ 
tha^ shall be improved in the service to die eastwstfd 
of Casco bay ; and to be Captain of the first com- 
))any of thd sdid forces. You are therefore carefully 
tod diligently to perform the duty of a Colonei aaJ 
Captain, by leading, ordering and exercising the said 
regiment and company in arms, both ihferiour 6fii> 
cers and soldiers ; and to keep them in good order 
«»d discipline. Hereby commanding theofi to obey 
you as their Colohel and Captain ; and with th^tn to 
, do and execute all acts of hostility against the said 
enemy and rebels. Artd yoU are to observe and (bl- 
low such orders and directions as you shall receive 
from myself, or pther> your superipur officer, accord- 
ing to the rules and discipline of war, pur^^ant td 
the trust reposed in you. Given under my haftd and 

his leaminz. He was a Commissioner in Philip's war, and his 
name may oe seen amobg them at the head of the tdti^ treaty 
with the Narragansetn, In July, 1675. When Andross was 
Goverftourj Mr. Dadlcy was president of the council, And 
was seized ujK)n as belonging to his party, and imprisoned 
for some tinl<>, Sind treated with inhumanity. Being sent for 
by King William, he embarked in Feb., 1689. The next 
year he was sent over as chief justice of Newyork, but he 
was never satisiied anywhere but in the government of Mas- 
sachusetts. He therefore exerted hiin^elf to injure Gover* 
nour Phips, expecting to succeed him; but the people pre- 
vented h\v\ by procuring the appointment of the Earl of 
Bellomont, whose premature death gave hitti his beloved o^ 
fice» in wifich he continued from 1702 to 17)6. Gov. Shute 
iaceeedcd him« and he died to 1730, aged 7d. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKJ, * 251 

seal at arms, at Boston, the 18th day of March, in 
the third year of her Majesty's reign. Anno Dom^. 
1703-4. 

J. DUDLEY, 
By his Excdlencyl*s command* ■ 

* ' r# i 

Isaac Addington, S^cr.^ 

Colonel Church no sooner receiveni his commis- 
sion, but proceeded to the raising of men, volun^ 
teers, by going into every town within the three 
counties,* which were formerly Plymouth govern- 
ment ; advising with thq ehief officer of each com- 
pany, to call his company together? that so he might 
have the better opportunity to discourse and encour- 
age th^m to serve their Queen and country. Treat- 
ing them with drink convehient, told them, [that] ho 
did not doubt but with God's blessing to bring them 
all home again. All which with many other argu- 
ments, animated their hearts to do service. So, that 
Colonel Church enlisted, out of some companies, near 
tvyenty men, and others fifteen. • 

He having raised a sufficient number of English 
soldiers, proceeded to the enlisting of Indians, in all 
thpse parts where they dwelt, which was a great fa- 
tigue and expense ; being a people that need much 
treating, especially with drink, vfec. Having efdist- 
cd the most of his soldiers in those parts, who daily 
lay upon him, [and] was not less than five pounds 
per day qxpenses, some days in victuals and drink; 
who doubtless thought, (especially the English) that 
the country would have reimbursed it again, other- 
wise they would hardly [have] accepted it of him. 

Colonel Church's soldiers, both English and In- 
dians, in those parts, being raised, marched them i^ll 
■■- I .... , ■ - ■ ■ . , . ... — ■ . 

^ Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol. This division was ' 
marie in 16S5, which before were all in oac. Supplement to 
J^IurtODj sot. 



2#2 fJftENCH ANB INDIAN WAR8L 

<lo\vn to Nantasket,* according to his excellency^ 
directidns. Where being come, the following gen- 
tlemen were commissionated to bo commanders of 
viich particular company, viz., Licutenunt Colonel 
(lorhani, Captains, John Brown, Constant Church, 
James Cole, John Dyer, John Cook, Caleb William- 
son, and Edward Church, of the forces raised by Co- 
lonel Churcbs £ach company being filled up v/ith 
Knglish and Inaiaus as they agreed among them- . 
selves, and by the Culonel's direcCions. Captain 
Lamb, and Captain Mirick's company, which wer« 
raised by his excellency's directLozj, were ordered to 
join those aforesaid, under the command of Colonel 
Church. 

Matters being brought thus far on, Colonel Church 
waited upon his excellency at Boston to know hiis 
pleasure, what farther measures were to bo taken ; 
jind did humbly move that they might have liberty in 
llieir instructions to make an attack upon Port^oyal. 
Being very well satisfied in his' opinion, that witU 
the blessing of God, with what forces they had, or 
should have ; and whaleboats so well fitted with oars 
nod paddles, as they had with them, might be suffi- 
cient to have taken it. His excellency (looking up- 
on Colonel Churcii) replied, [that] "he could not 
admit of that, by reason, [tliatj he l:ad, by the advice 
of her Majesty-g council, writ to her Majesty about 
the taking of Portroyal fort, «ind how it should be 
disposed of when talien," &c. IJowever Colonel 
Church proceeded to get every thing ready for tho 
forceis down at Nantasket, which wqij the place of i 
parade* f 

He happening one day to be at Captain Belch- 

• The entrance into Bofsion harbour, souih of the light- 
lioyse. The winter of 1696 .was so Rrvrro, that sleds and 
fleighs frec|iiently passed from Boston to Nantasket upon thi^ 
ice. The island of this name was the place of rendezvous, 
and is nine miles from Boston, It contains tlie preseat^towi^ 
of B'ili^ and is connected to Hin^am by a dam. 



French and i2<n)iAiff wam, 21^ 

^r'^,* Nv'licru his excellency liappened to come. [He]* 
Vv as pUascd to order Colonel ChurcJi to put on his 
Fword, fffid w^lk with him up the connnoR, which 
,fce vTcadilv conipiicd with. Where being come, ho , 
Kuw two niortar pieces wiUi shells, and an engineer 
Irving with them, to llirow a shell from thpm to any 
5 :>ot of ground vrl^ro he said it should fkll ; which 
V^hen Colonel Church had seen done, gave him great 
ficouragemont, and hopes [that] that would promote 
t-icir goincr to Pcttroyal, wliicli he had solicited for. 
-'I-Tid returuinJT j?oni ihencej after they had seen them 
tried by the s»id engineer, and performing w hat was 
j roposed, [nnd] coming near to Captain V/illiam 
(lark's house, over against the horseshoe, his ex- 
r/liency was iflvited by Captain CJark to walk over 
r.!id take a glens of w^ine, whidi he was pleased to 
? :-cept of, and.fook Colonel Phnrch with him. And 
iVs tlifl.timc ttoy w^ere taking a^fass of wine, Colonel 
rtiurch opce fliore presiime^o say to his excellea-. 
V V ; "^'r, T hope tliat no^^ vve shall go to Portroyul 
ill order to take it ; thoj/niortars being very suita-^ 
lie for such a^ entp/F*isc-'^ His excellency was" 
J leased to reply; " (Lionel Church, you ma>t say no 
raC'Ci) of tjiat mvA/^i ^^^r the letter I told yoa of, I 
rit by the ad/^c of her Mnjesty's council, now 
CB at home>^ the board before the Lords comrnis- 
^-ic^ners ofker Majesty's foreign plantations/' <Lc. 

A&K^r some dv^yis^ every thing being ready to em- 
bark, Colonel Charcli received his instructions, which 
are as follows : 

'* By his excellency JosTirn D:tdley, Esq., Cdptain 
i cneral and Governour in Chief, in and over her 
J^^ojesty 8 -province of the JJcujsachttsetts bay, ^Cy 
in Aenengland, and fice Admiral of the same. 

1 [who] 

■"• "■ . ■ I • ■ ■ ■ ■ ' -■ .1.1 I l| P ■!.■« 

* Captain xXnclrcw Belcher of Camhridgc, and fsf hT of 
Goyeraour Bekhf ]:> T r^'i-peot is meaat. Sec un^"^ -^ •»•»»• ■». 



^ 



■It, 



SM ^FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS 

, tMruetiona for Colonel Benjamin ,Cbubch in the 

present Expedition. 

In pursuance of the commission given you to 
iskh the chief command of the land and sea forc^^s 
by me raised, equipped and sent forth on her Mfl-< 
jesty's service, against her open dec|are<f enemies, 
the French and Indian rebels. You are to observe 
the following instructions. 

First. You are to .take crire, that the duties of 
religion be attended on board the se^t;ral vessels, and 
in the several companies under your command, by 
daily prayers unto God, and reading his holy word. 
And that the Lord's day be observed and duly sanc- 
tified to the utmost of your power, as far as the c,ir- 
cumstances and necessity of tlie service can admit, 
that so you may have the presence of God with, anct 
obtain his blessing on, your undertaJiing. 

You are to take care, that your soldiers have their 
due allowance of provisiois and other neccMaries 5 
that their arms bo well lixc(!i. and kept fit for service, 
and that they be furnished W^h a suitable quantity 
of powder and bail, and be always in readiness toi 
pass upon fluty. 

That good order and discipline be i>aintained ; and 
all disorders, drunkenness, profane svtijaring, curs- 
ing, omission or neglect of duty, disobediv^nce to of- 
^cers, mutiny, desertion, and sedition be duly puti- 
ished, according to the rules and articles of yiar ; 
ithe which you are once a montli or oftener, to cause 
to be published, and made known to your officers 
jBnd soldiers for their observance and direction in 
their duty. Let notorious and capital offenders bo 
3ent away to the next garrison, there to.be imprison- 
ed until they can b^ proceeded with. 

Let the sick and wounded be carefully looked af- 
ter, and accommodated after the best manner your 
circumstances will admit of, and be sent either to 
Casco fort, or to Mr. PeperePs at Kittoiy, yirbich ma]r 
bo easiest, so soon as you can. * g 



l^ftfcNCd AN15 INDIAJSr WiAS. Ui 

You are forthwith to send away Uie forces and 
stores by the transports, with the whaleboats to Pis- 
cataqua,^jon Kittery side there to attend your com^ 
ing whither you are to follow them with ail expedi* 
tion. 

You are to embark in the province galley,. Captain 
iBouthack commander, and Lieutenant Colonel Gov** 
ham go on board Captain Gallop ;. who are both di^ 
rected to attend your motion on the French sidoi 
after which they are to return. Let the commanders 
of ati the store sloops and trimsports know that they 
sail, anchor and serve at your direction. i*^ 

When you toil from Piscataqua, keep at such dis** 
tance off the shore, that you be not discovered by 
the enemy to alarm theiti. Stop at MohtinicUd,* 
iand there embark the forces in the whaleboats for 
the main, to range that part of the country, in* search 
of ihe enemy, to Mountdcsart, sending the vessels to 
hie'et you there ; and af^r h^yitttf rafroshed and ra« 
bruited your soldiers, proceed to°Machias, and from 
thence to Passamequado ; and having effected wha4 
«poiis you possibly may, iif^n the etietfiy in those 
parts, embark on your vessels for Menift and Signe6- 
to, to Portroyal gut ; and use all possible methods for 
the bumiiig and destroying of the enemies houses, and 
breakmg the dams of their corn grounds in the said 
several places, and make what other spoils you can 
upon them, and bring away the prisoners. In your 
return ca|l at Penobscot and do what you can there, 

^ and so proceed westward. 

^ Tlup will probably employ you a month, or sil 
iveekf ; when you will draw together again, and br 
the latter end of June, consider whether you caa 
march to Norrigwack, or other parts of theur plant- 
ing, to destroy their com and settlements and keep 

'I' An island considerable distance from the coast of Maine,, 
and the same, I suppose, called Martinicus or Mertinicus ott 
the late paps. It is 15 or 30 miles from Vinalhaven isUnd zV 
fbemoatnofthe Penobscot. 



r 



■ S«» - VRBNim AND imiAy wam. 

4he erpedjtioQ on foot until the middle of Augirs* 
next. 

Notwithstaiudiag the particularity of the aforeg/>* 
ing instruction, I lay you under no restraint, becauso 
1 am well assured of your courage, care, caution ari'l 
imd'wstry ; but refer you to your own resolrcs, by they 
julviccof your con(imis4iion officers, not under the dr»- 
gree of Captains, and the sea commissioa CaptEcins 
(whom' you will, as often as you can, advis^ with) ac- 
cording to t^e inteMigencQ yon may receive, or ay 
you may Inid needful upon the spot. 
^ You are by every opportunity, anrb once a vrc^kT 
certainly, by sonje means either by way of Casco^ 
Piscataqua, or otherwife to acquaint me of your pro- 
ceedings- and all occurrences, and what may be fm** 
ther accessary for the service. And to*observe sucFv 
forlhcr and other instructions as yoa shall rcceivA3- 
from myself. 

As oftoo as you may, advise with Ca,ptaln Smith 
and* Captain. Rogers, conunanders o£ hep MajestyJa^ 
ships^ 

Let your minister, commissaTV, andT surgeons b^ 
treated with just respects. I pray to God to preserve^ 
. prosper and' succeed you. 

Given wider my hand at Boston, the/mirth day qfT 

J. DUDLEY." 

Pursunnt to His instructions he sent away his trans-^ 
ports and forces* to Piscataqua, but was« obligrtl 
himself to wait upon his excellency by land' to Pis- 
eataqua in order* to raise more forces in the way 
thither ; and did raise a company uncler the coiS'kmanyl' 
of Captain Harridon.f Taking care to provide a 

• This collected armament consisted of 550. sold ierr:, \n l'4f 
smaU transports,- and was i)rovided with 36 wbale boats, and 
Cf7n«6jF<^d by tbree men of war ; one of 43j one of 82, and one 
of 14 ^ns., Hutchinson^ IT,. 132.. Dou^las?^ I, 557. 
^ I'Tbis name is spelt Harreden in Penhallow's history;, 
^t bis 9Wn iFignatarti to- the resolve before' PoEtrojid is liar-." 
ya 'or. ^o other mention is made of him in the Indian war^ 
IJ^t i ^ve seeif. 






rKENGH AND INDIAN WAR& %^ 

pilot for them in the bay of Fundy; (Colonel Church 
being directed to one Fellows whom he met with at 
Ipswich.) And going from thence to Piscataqua 
with his excellency, was there met by that worthy 
gentleman, Major Winthrop Hilton,* who was very 
helpful to him in the whole expedition, whose nama 
and memory ought not to be forgot. 

Being ready to embark from Piscataqua, Colonel 
Church requested the commanders of her* Majesty's 
ships, Captain Smith,f and Captain Rogersf to tarry 
at Piscataqua a fortnight, that so they might not be 
discovered by the enemy before he had done some 
spoil upon them. TThen moving^ in their transports, 
as directed, got safe into Montinicus,|| undiscovered 
by the enemy > Next morning early, fitted out two 
whaleboats with men. Captain John Cook in one, 
and C&ptain Constant Church in tlie othei:, and sent 
them to Greeii islandlT upon a discovery. And com^ 
ing there, they parted, one went to one part, and the 
other to the other part, that so they might not miss 

* Abundant materials are prese^red for a biography of this ■ 
^ntleman. He was a direct descendant of one of the first 
settlers of Newhampshire in 1623. He was a successful offi- 
cer, but like many others was doomed to fall by sava^ hands. 
In addition to what is found in this history, and Penhallow'a 
Indian Wars, a memoir may be seen in I of Farmer and 
Moore's Col. 241, 251. He was engaged in the masting buei% 
ness in Exeter, where he lived, and having some line trees 
fkllen in the woods, went with 17 men to peel the baik off, 
to save them from the worms ; but a party of Indians, on 
23 June, 1710, fired upon them from an ambush, and killed 
the Colonel and two more. Colonel Daniel Plumer of E^ 
ping, informs me that th^ place where they were killed w, 
in the present town of Epping, N. H. Perhaps not iBtX from 
V^hat is now called the mast way, 

t C(Hnmander of the Jersey frigate. 

J Commander of the frigate Gosport^ 

§ May 15. || See note on page 255. 

f A small woody island about 5 miles south easterly CftM 
ltfQ|itini«ai«, 



< 






»58 FKEirCH ANir INDIAJ^ WAR* 

frf what could bo discovered. [H^re]^ they met'VritS^- 
did Lafaurcj* with his two sons, Thomas and Timo- 
iiiy, and a Canada Indian* 

The enemy seeing' that they were discovered, threw? 
down their diickis and eggs, who hadLgot a consider- 
able quantity of each, and ran to their canoos, gettin^^ 
into them, stood directly for the main. [Ou] look- 
ing behind them perceived the wJialeboats to gain so • 
fiut upon tfaem^ clopt- side by side, and. all four go^ 
into on« canoe, which proved of little advantage tf> 
them. For the whaleboat* gained so much, upoiiir 
tj)emj and^ got so near, that Captain^ Cook, firing al 
tlje steersman, wJiich was the l7idian>.and ha{)penecl. 
to grazs hi^ skull, and'^ quits' spoiled his pwddling- 
Upon which old Lafaure,and sons, seeing their com*- 
panion's conditi^n^ soon .begged for quarter, and ha;i. 
it granted. The two Captains with their success', 
presently returned to their. conTmander taking car*?? 
tliat their-captives should not discourse together be- 
fore ihey were examined. Whea brought to ColoneK ■ 
Church, he ordered them to be apart> and first pro-^- 
ceeiled to examine old Lafaure, whom- he found tor 
be very sui3y apd cross ; so that he could gain nd^ 
Mitelligence by him^. 

, Upon which the conwnmider was resolved to putS!!: 
^SxL practice vihat he had. formerly done at Seneeto.f* 
"Cb-jilering the Indians to make two la«gc heaps of dry^ 
*Wi5»od, at some distance one from the other, and to sci- 
a lur^c stake in the ground, close to each heap. 
Them [Be] ordered tlie two sons Thomas and Timo-> 
thy, t:^ he brought, a«id to be bound to the stakes y- 
also ordering his Indians to paint themselves with co- 
lours, vi^hich tiicy iia*l brought for tliat use. Theiv 
the Colonel proceeded to examine} Srst Timothy ;>. 

1 [where]' 

• Ppiihallcw, ^\\VL Nl H. Hist. Col.. I, calls him Monsieur* 
l^ebure. 

t The placp, which our page 32S,.issi>eH Scnact^aC- "^'ei^ 
no.t^;S of that irage. m 



^!je]^ told him, [that] he had examined his father 
already, and that if he told him the troth he wotiM 
save his life, and take him into his service?; and that 
he 5?hould have good pay and live well. He answer- 
ed, that he would fell him the truth* And [accord- 
ingly] gave him an account of every thing [that] he 
know, v/hich wtis all mmufed down. IFe bcin^^ ask-^ 
ed whether fiis brother Thomas did not know more 
than he 9 Ilis answer was, yes, for hm brother Thcf*- 
m:is had a commission sent him from the Govemour*^ 
of Canada, to command a company of Indians, who* 
were gathered together at a place where some Freqcfe 
gentlcmcJi, lately arrived from Canada, who wer6* 
officers, to command tlie rest that were to go west^ 
ward to fight the English ;f and rfrat there wncs sent 
to Ilis father, and brother Tom-, a consi^rable quan^ 
tity o^f ffoiir, fruit, amrnunition and slK>res, for the 
supply of the said army. He beoig^ asked whether 
ho could pifot our forces to them? said no; biti 
Ilis brotlFor Tom could, far he had hid it, aiiKf that he 
was not then with him ? TheCokmel asked hiuTwhatr 
gentlemen those were that came from Canada']^ Ha* 

1 [and] 

»*■■ ■ ■ I ■ ■■■ ■ ■- I ■■-■■■■ ■ I 11^ ■ ■■■- ■ ■• I ■■ » ■ ■ — ■■ ^^1 -^—^ ^ I ■■ ^M, i m ■■ I ■■ II M ■■ I 11 ■III, ■ W ^«^^ 

* Vaudrcuil. 

t This is snpposed Hy (he hi>toria-n of Ne^vlicwnpS'liire, fd^ 
Vc tbe army of which Penhallo'»7 gives an account ;. who? 
Eiatinied in thoir march " about the pltth^icr that tht»y had- 
in view ; forgetting the proverb aftout <fividin«f the skin be*' 
fore the hear was killeil." Tit co«t;ec|ue?ice of their mB^inj^ 
BDost of them returned ; but a Kubdinsioa of tihem.feI3'uposif^ 
Lanca<vter and Groton, killed two or three person?,. and gofe* 
some plunder. Bat this arinv does not corftf^pomf with the- 
statelD<^:lt givc^t hy Dr. BefknaT*. See pa^c 161, note ®i 
After Mr. Penhallow has got quite through w.lh'tbe expedi- 
tion of Church, and I }*« affair under **-Mr. Caleb Lymaw" at 
the westward, he fay^, " The Fpench in Can<ail» were now 
forming anollier design on North«unpton." Now it appears 
tome, that the Doctor is out in his coujecture, and' that thier- 
army mentioned by PenhalTow wki not the one m^ntiontj hj«*' 
•ar autfior. And Ivaai he looke4l into Dr. Douglass, Suiiui^i^ 
yj',^3 557^ he would hare hveal move partietuars a2)Qut it*". .| 



i60 fktifCB. ANP ItftoUSI WARS. 

answered, " Monsieur Gourdan,* and Mr. Sharker.*' 
Being asked where they were 1 answered, " At Pas- 
aamaquado, building a fort there." Beiiig also asked 
what number of Inaians and French there were at 
Penobscot 9 he answered, [thatj there were several 
families, but they lived scattering. Asked him Jar- 
ther, if he would pilot our forces thither 9 [He] an- 
ftwered [that] he would if the commander would no( 
let the savages roast him. Upon which the Colonel 
ordered him to be loosed from the stake, and took 
him by the hand, told him, he would be as kind to 
him as his own father : at which he seemed to be 
▼ery thankfal. 

And then the Colonel proceeded to examine' his 
brother Tom- [He]^ told him that he had examined 
his father and orother ; ajid that his brother had told" 
him every tittle [that] he knew ; and that he kne^r 
more than his brother Tiwothy did; and that i^ 
he would be ingenuous and confess all he knew, he 
should fare as well a& his brother. But if not, the 
savages should roast him. Whereupon he. solemnly 
promised that he would, and that he would pilot hin% 
to every thing he knew, 4» the valoe of a kmfe andi 
sheath (which without doubt he did-) 

Then the Colonel immediately gave orders for the 
whaleboats to be ready, and went directly over where 
the said goods and stores were, and found tliem; as 
informed, took them on board, the boats, and return- 
ed to their transports^ And ordering 'provisioas to 
be put into every man's knapsack for six or eight days ; 
so in the dusk of the evening left their transports^ 
with orders how they should act, and went directly 
for the mtain land of Penobscot, and mouth of tltat 

1 [and] 

!■ I ■ . ' i I i» ^^i^mm. ■ .^. ^ .11. ».■ 

♦ Gaorden appears to be the true orthography of this name. 
He was afterward takeiv as will presently be scen^ Sharkee 
made a very narrow escape with his wife into the woods. 
Penhallow, 17, sajB he was taken, l)ut he must be mistaken. 
This errour is not noted in the N» H. Hist. Soe. CoL S^fr 
Iage34. 



raeNCH AfrD I>Tt)IAN WABS^ Sl6i 

tiVcr. with their pilots, Tom and Timothy^ who SGiy 
ricd them directly to every place and KabitatfOn^ 
both of Frtnch aini Indians thcFeabouts, (with tlic a?;- 
sistance of one DeYoUiig* whoni thuy canied out of 
Boston jail for the same porpo:sc, [aad hcj^ was sc^ 
\iceabie to. them.) 

Being there we killed arfd took e\'^ry one, bot5f 
French and Indians ; not knowing khiit »ny one dvj" 
escape in all* Penobscot. Amon^g .those thnt weiis 
tciken was St. Castofr^n's dai>ghtt"r, who said tihut her 
htL^b?md was gone to Francti. to her father, Monsieur 
Caj-teen-f She having Ik:/ children with her, th^ 
commnndor was very kind to her ami thoUri, AH th'j' 
prisoners that were Uien taken, held to oito story iit 
|,(:'nr'.rul, which they h'.n\ i'roin LaftwJie's sons, [viz.y| 
that there were no more Inclijms thereabouts, bnjf- 
enough of them at Passam^Miiiuda. Upon vvhlcli they 
returned to tl^ieir transports with tlieir prisoners an.{ 
plunder. 

'file coramancrer "rivinix order iminediatetv for ttia 
soldiers i» the whaleboatS' to have a reccuit of pro^ 
visions f^r a farther pursuit of the enemy. Givin/J^ 
orders to tiie transports to stay a few days more there,, 
and then go to Mountd«*sart^ (and there to stay for 
her Majesty's shipi=;, wIjd were directed to . come- 
thither,) and there to wait his farther o«der. 

Then Colonel Church with his forces- immediately 
embarked on b^^vd their whateboats, and proceeded 
to scour the coa^^t, and to try, if they eould discover 
any of the enemy coming from Passamefjuade ; mak** 
inr^ their stops in the day time at all the points aaJ* 
p.hjcos .where tliey wer^ eertaia. [ttiat} the enemy 
would land, or come by with their canoos, and atf 
night to their paddles. Then coming near where th</ 

1 [who} 

* In VcnhaMow, 17. hi« nanje. is T\r3tten D'Young; and ftcii 
,D. Yoimg; a:? reprinted in Col. N. K. Hijft. Sec. I, !tiX 

\ Bai'OB Te St. Qastine, Sec note I^od {.age l(>l}. 



-I . - 



fifia ITRENGH AND tNDIAI* WAftli. ' 

Vessels were ordered to come, haying . made no di** 
covery of the enemy, went directly to, Mountdescti^ 
where the transports were just come. And taking 
some proTisions for his soldiers, gave directions for 
the ships and transports in six days to come directly 
to Passamequado, where they should find him and 
nis forces. 

Then immediately moved away in the whaleboats, 
and made diligent search alone shore, as formerly, 
ilispecting all places where tlie ^hemy was likely 
to lurk: Particularly it ^ Machias, but found neither 
fires nor tracks. Coining afterwards to the west har- 
bour at Passamequado, where they entered upon ^j> 
tibn. An account Whereof Colonel Church did conti^ 
municate to his excellency, being as followeth. 

** May it please your ExceUency, 

I received . yours of this instant, October niiitB, 
%ith the two inclosed informatioik, that conceit id/ 
lictions at Passamequado, which I will give a jusi 
and true account of, as near as possibly I can, Viz. 
On the seventh of June last, 1704, in inG evenings 
we entered iti at the westward harbour at safid P&ft- 
fiamequado. Coming up said harbour to oh Mand, 
where landing, we came to a French house, and took 
a French woman and children. The woman upon het 
examination, said her htisband was abroad a tishing. 
1 asked her, whether there tvere any Indians there- 
abouts? she said * Yes, there wore a great many, and 
several on that island.' I askerd her, whether she 
could pilot me to them? said 'No, they hid in th© 
Woods.' I . asked her, when she saw them ? answer- 
ed, * Just now, or a little white since.' t asked hef 
wheth^t she knew where they had laid the canoes i 
she answered * No, they carried their canoes into tho 
woods with them.' We then hastened away alons 
shore, seizing what prisoners we could, taking old 
liotriel and his family. 

7bis intelligence caused me to leave Colonel Goi 



TItBNGH AND INDIAN WARS, ' 268 

ham, and a considerable part of my tAcn, nnd boats 
with him at that island; partly to gward aj>d yecuro 
. those prisoners. Being sensible it would be a great 
trouble to have them to secure and gu«^rd at our n^xt 
landing, where I did really expect, and hoped to have 
an opportunity, to fight our Indiaii enemies Pc.'- ulj 
our French prisoners that wo had taken at Penob.s.-oi, 
and along shore, had infv^naed us, that whf;a we 
came to the place vvhere these Canada gentlemen 
lived, we should cortaiflly meet with the savages, tq 
fight us ; those being the only men that set the Tn-^ 
dians against us, or upon" us, and were newly come 
from Canada, to manage the war against us. (Plead- 
ing in tUis account and information their own inqo- 
cency.) And partly in hopes that he, the said Co- 
lonel Gorham, vould have a good opportunity in the 
morning to de9trt>Y sotne, of those our enemies, (wo 
were informed [of,] by the said French women J13 
above) with the use oC his boj^vs as 1 had given di^ 
rection. 

Ordering also Major IIi]>on to pass over to |he 
next island, that lay ea«t of us with a small party of 
i^en and boats, to surprise and destroy any of the 
^r^cmy, that in their canoes roight'go here and there, 
from any place, to ipake their flight from us ; and, 
^ he had opportunity, to take any French prisoners, 
^^e thep immediately moved up the river, in the 
dark n^g^t, through great diificnlty, by roa?f^n of the. 
eddies and M^hirlpools, made with the fierceness of 
the current. And here it may be hinted, that we 
had information, that Lotriel had Jost part. of his 
family passing over to the next idahd, falling into 
one of those eddies were drowned, which the two pi- 
lots told to discourage me. But I t-ai'd nothing of 
that nature shall do it. For I was resolved to ven- 
ture up, and therefore, forthwitli paddling our boats 
as privately as we could, and with as much e:^pedi- 
Uon as we could make with our paddles, and tfe 
helftjf^ a strong tide, We came up tp Monsieur GiOnf* 



.j~ .^-. 



S« FREXCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

ulan^s a Kttlc before day. Where tolviiig notice of 
the shore, an.l finding it s^mcwliat open und -clear, I 
ordered Captain Mirick and Captain Cole, having 
I'lnglish companies, totanrvwlth sevt^ral of the boats 
l.» be jead}, that if any of the enemy shophl coma 
down out of the bruoh into the bay (it being very 
JToad in thiit placo) with their cauoes, they might 
tike and destroy then). 

Ordering th(j remainder of the army, (being land- 
trl,) with iny:relf ?nd the otliorofFicers, to march up 
i:Uo t!ie woodn with ^ wide front, and to keep at 9 
< onsiderable distance; for that if they should run in 
fi-^aps, tlie enemy would have the greater advanta^o. 
^nd fnrthrT directing tljeio, that if possible, they 
should, detstroy the ciiomy with their hatck'ts, und' 
h\)i (ire a gun. This order I always ^avc at land- 
ing; tuUiiiq them tlio h^eonveniiij^ey of firing, ijj 
lliut it might be, first, dangerous H t.hemselve?, thty 
b;!ing many of llxm yoting <fer»ld>ers. (As I hufl 
fametiaTiC obs/mod, tiiut one *yic two guns being GroJi 
many otiiers would firr, ajt they knew not whai, a/i 
liappcncd piesently nfur,) And it wculd alarm tho 
iPnemy, and give them the opportunity to make their 
jCi^cape; and it might alarm the whcjfe country, and 
-fil.so present all furHaer aytipn from taking eulct. 

Orders being thus passed, we moved directly to-^ 
|\'iirds the HX)ods. Le Faver's* son directing us to ^ 
little hut or wigwam, which we immediately surr''^"^^* 
cd with a few m^n. The rest marching di^^tly up 
into the woods, to sec what wigwamii-c^r huts they 
/rould discover, ilyself made a little stop, ordering 
t:ie pilot to toll them in the Int, that they were sur-. 
rounded with an army, and that if they would coma 
fordi and suneiider thvniselves, they should har« 
good quarter ; but if not,, they should be all knocked 
Oil the head and die. 

One of them showed himself, [and] I asked who 

" * The same, who in the lai*^ preceding pages is called L^^ 
faaXo. gee n^tc I, on p^ge ^ii 



JIlEJSrCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2«ft 

"fee was *? He said * Gourdan ;' and begged for quar- 
ter. I told him he should have good quarter ; add- 
ing further, that if there were any toote in the house^ 
they slmuld come out. Then came out two men. 
Oourdan said, they were his sons, and asked quarter 
for them, w^ich was also granted. Tben came out 
a woman, -andu lit^ hoy. Hbe fell uponvher knees, 
begged quarter €or herself and children, and that I 
would not suffer the Indians lo kill them. I told 
them they should have good quarter, and not be 
hurt. After which I ordered a small guard over 
thorn, and se moved presently up wiih the rest of my 
company after them that wejre gone bcfoire; Bu^ 
Jftoking on my Tight^ ha»d, over a little run, I saw 
something look black just by me ; [1] stopped and 
heard at a&ing ; [theo] stepped over, and saw a little 
•hut or wigwam, wifh a crowd of people round about 
it, which was contrary to my former directions. fH 
jasked thew what they were doing"? They repli 
ed, [tiiat] jthere were some of the enemy in a house 
and would not come out. T a^ked what house? 
tliey i^aid, * A bark house.* I hastily bid them pull 
it down, and knock them on the head, never asking 
whether they were FreuLch or Indians ; they being 
all enemies' dike jto j»e^* 

* The Colonel was much blamed for this hasty step ; and 
Hutchinf^ saA^s^Il, 133, that he ^^exeused himself but indi^ 
fr rentiy^^AP' which, however, the reader may judge aft 
ivrll a:" he.. It does not appear from a lonsj career of useful 
service", that Charch was ever rash or cruel. From the ex- 
tia,ordinarj situation of bis men, rendered doubly critical 
/ro(n.tbe darkness of the night, and- the almost certain intel- 
ligoacCj that a great army of the enemy were at hand, is 
.tkoiight to b^e.sumcient excuse for the measure ; the remark 
of Hutchinson to the contrary notwithstanding. The same 
auibor, II, l!23, excuse^} the Fmench and Indians for their 
x^iuclty in putting io death prisoners at the destruction of 
DeciluJ.I ; bccauife it ^^as neeeseary to their own preserve 
tion, aiid the En<nish had done so too ; and gives tor exani- 
ple the action of Henry V, vho, after the celebrated bat(le 
of A^ncourty put to denth a maJtitade of his French prito- 






Sfi6 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

• 

And passing then to themt and seeing them in 
great disorder, so niany of the army in a crowd to* 
gether, acting so contrary to my command and di* 
rection, exposing themselves and the whole army to 
^tter ruin, by their so disorderly crowding thick tO" 
gether. Had an enemy come upon tliem in that in* 
terim, and fired a volley amoncst them, they coqld 
not have missed a shot. And wholly neglecting 
their duty in not attending my orders, in searching 
diligently for our lurking enemies in their wigwams, 
or by their fires, where I had great hopes, and real 
lexpcctations to meet with tliora. 

I most certainly know that I was in an exceeding 
great passion; but hot with those poor miserable 
enemies ; for I took no notice of a half p. dozen of 
the enemy, when at the some time I expected to be 
engaged with some hundreds of tiiem ; of whom wa 
nad a continued account, who were expected fr9ni 
Portroyal side. In this heat of action, every wonj 
that I then spoke, I cannot give an account of; anci 
I presume it is* impossible. 

I stopped but little here, but went directly up in- 
to the woods, hoping to be better employed with the 
rest of the army. I listened to hear, tmd looked 
earnestly to see what might be the next action* 
But meeting with many of the soldiers they told me 
£that] they had discovered nothing ; we fetching a 
Mnall compass rourd, came down again. 

It being pretty dark, I took notice, [that] I saw 
two men lay dead, as I thought, at the end of the 
house where tl^e door was; and immediately the 

fiers, that greatly exceeded the number of his own anny« 
This was in a barbarous age : being 300 years before th^ 
HAttlemcnt of Newengland. Hence it would have been much 
4iMier for him to excuse our hero than the enemy. For ac- 
cording to the usages of war, he wouM have been justified ii| 
imfting to death prisoners at such a critical time. But these 
were enemies who would not submit ; or what amounted to 
th^ same thine, they would not come Qut of their' Jio«se 
when ordered ^y the forces^ .• 



MitENCH ANb INDIAN WiMi ^* 

gons went off, and they ^ed every man, as I thoughts 
and most towards that t>lace where I left the guard 
With Monsieur Gourdan. I had mueh ado to stop 
the firing, and told them, I thought they .were mad ; 
luid [that] I believed they had hot killed and wound-' 
t^d less than forty or fifty 6f our own men. And I 
^ked them what tliey shot at ^ they answered, * At 
ia Frenchman that ran away.' But to admiration no 
iQan was killed but he, [the Frenchman] and one of 
our men wounded in the leg. And I turning about)» 
a Frenchman spoke to me, and I gave him quarter^ 

Daylight coming on, and no discovery made of the 
ienemy, I went to the place where I Imd left Mon- 
iBieur Gourdan, to examine him and his sons, wh^ 
agreed in their examinations ; told me two of theic 
men were abroad. It proved a damage. And 
further told me, that Monsieur Sharkee lived several 
leagues up, at the head of the river, at the falls, and 
Xkl\ the Indians were fishings and i«iid:ng their CQIA 
there; and that Mcmsieur Sharkee had sent down 
to him, to come up to him, to advise about the In-* 
dian anny^ ttiat was to go westward. But he had 
returned him answer, [that] his business was urgent, 
and he could not come up ; and that Sharkee, and 
the Indians would certainly be down that day, or the 
next at tlie fturthest, to come to conclude of that 
matter. 

This was a short night's action, and all sensible 
men do well know, that actions done in the dark, 
(being in the night aforesaid) under so manv dif- 
ficulties, as we then laboured as before related^ 
was a very hard task for one man, matters being cir* 
cmnstanced as in this action, which would m.t admit 
of calling a council ; and at that time could not bo 
confined thereunto. At which time I was transport- 
ed above fear, or any sort of dread; yet, being sensi-* 
ble of the danger in my army's crowding so thick 
together, and of the great duty incumbent on me^ 

* Set Mie %«riMie fW. 



2*4^ rRENCH AND INDIAN wars; 

<;eeded to examine the prisoners dewly takeoi wEtdr 

SLve him the same account [that} he had before, of 
e Indians being up at the falls, &c. It beiiigjnft 
sight, prevented our attacking them tliat night. ' 

But next morning early, they moved up to- the faltsr, 
which was about a mile higher. But doubtljess the 
enemy had some intelligejice by the two aforesaid In* 
dians, before our forces came, so that they alP got on 
the other side of the river, and left sonie of their 
goods by the water side to decoy our men, that s(> . 
they tnight fire upon them } which indeed they effect* 
ed. But through the good providence of God, never- 
a man of ours was killed, and but one slightly wound- 
ed. After a short dispute, Colonel Church ordered 
that every man might take what they pleased of the 
fish, which lay bundled up, and ta burn the rost» 
which was a great quantity. The enemy sf^t^ing what 
•ur forces were about j and that their stock of fisb. 
was destroyed, and the season being over for gettingj;. 
any more, set up a hideous cry, and so ran all away 
into the woodk, They being all on the other side.a£ 
the river, ours could not follow them. 

Having done, our forces marcheddoWh to their boats,, 
at Sharkee's, and took their prisoners, beaver^ and- 
other plunder which they had got, and put it intor 
their boats, and went down to Gourdian's house, where« 
they had left Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, and Majpr 
Hilton, with part of the forces to guard the pirispners,. 
(and kept a good look out for more or the enemy)^ 
who upon the ColonePs return,, gave him an account 
Ihat they had made xu> discovery of the enemy since 
lie left them, (Slc k. 

Just then her Majesty^s ships cmd transports arrfv- 

ing, the commanders of her Majesty 'a ships told Co)*. 

onel Church, tliat they had orderfi to go directly for 

Portroyal gut, and wait the c<»ning of some store 

ships,* which were expected at Fortroyal from France 

■ ■ « ■■ ■ • ■ ■ ■ • .^. 

• No ships arrived, or at least>"jFe have no account of amr. 
'Bplmes, Ii^ 66a mentions, sab annd 17D5» that a lidb eh]^ 



And Colonel Church advising with them, proposed, 
that it was very expedient and serviceable to thcr 
crown, that Captain Southack in the Province gall^ 
shpuld accompany them, which they did readily p^- 
quiesce with him in. 

Upon which, the Colonel immrediately emb''^^^' 
his forces on board the transports, and hind-^lE oir 
board Captain Jarv is, ordering the commiBsa/ of the 
stores, the minister, surgeons aawf pilots all '^ wnbark. 
on board the same vessel with hinr. O^^^ing all 
the whaleboats to be put on board the tr^^ports? and 
then to come to saiL The ships star^^ng «iway for; 
Portroyal g«t, and Colonel Church ^ith the transr^ 
ports for Menis. In their way the <^'olonel- inquired 
of their pilot, Fellows, what depth^^ water there wa» 
in the creek, nesur the town of J^is ^ he answered 
bim, that Iher^i was water enoig^i near the town, to 
lloat that vessel, they were in at low watec. 

So, when coming near. Colonel Ghucch observecT a 
jroody island between them- and the town-, that the jj 
ran up on. the ba^ck side ojf, (the said island) witfi 
all their transports, undiscovered to the enemy, andl' 
came to anchor. Then the Colonel and aUjliis for^ 
ces embarked in the whaleboats. It being late in tli^^ 
day, [they] moved directly for (he town ; an J in the- 
way asked for the pilot, who, he^expectedy was in ene: 
^f the boats; but he had given himthflp. slip, and tar« . 
rie^Sehind. The Ciolonel notknowfng. the difficult 
ties that might attend their goings op to tbetowB, im^ 
inedistely sent ^Lieutenant Giles, who* could^ speat 

French, with a flag of truce up to the town^, (with 9^ 

■ -..I ■ ■> .■ ■ ■.■- ? i ■ ,, ■■ ■-. 

named the Siena^ was taken, the preceding autumn, by the 
Knglish ; and that ^'hc was bound to QueMck, with^ a car^eb 
amounting to nearly a million of livres* But tins was lit 
June, hence it does not agree with, the supposition that said* 
shin was taken by Church's convov. He cites Charlevoix^ 
.anqthe Universal History. Dr. f)ougla9B, I, 557, in thisj 
as well as many oth<\r ca^es^ come"; happily to our relief. . -Ha 
informs ua, that this ship " was taken by ao EngUsll Vilir 
<inia Fleet," 



tn FUENtfH A??l> l^t>iX^ WAllS. 

gummons, which was written before tlicy landed,) et^' 
ticcting their surrender, which is as followeth. 

^^noard her Majeatxjs Ship Mventurey near the gut 

of Menis, JuTie 20, nOU 

^»» <^treement made by thcfieUl qfficeis commanding; 
*^ .Va/e«^2/'« forces for the present expediti&n 
again^ tJie French enemies, and Indian rebels. 

Agrced,^at a dechwatiou or sum&wons be sent oa 
«hore at Mc5,ig and PortrDva!, umler a Hug of truce. 

Particularih we do declare to you, the many cruel- 
ties and barlw»ities that you and the Indians havo 
been guilty of tuyards us^ m layini» waste our couu- 
try here in the ea*t at CascQ, and the place* adja- 
cent. Particularly, the horrid action at Deorliold, 
this last winter, in felling, massacreing, murdering 
and scalping, without jiving any notice at all, or ojx- 
portunity to ask quarter at youa* iuuids ; and, after 8.11, 
carrying the remainder ioto captivity in the heiglit 
of winter, (of which the^ killed many in the journey) 
and exposed the rest to the hardships of cold imd 
fkniino, worse than death itsolf. Which cruelties wc 
are yet every day exposed uiito and exercised with. 

Wc do also declare, that we have already: made 
i^me beginnings of killing and scalping some Cana* 
da men, (which we have not been wont to do or al- 
low) and are now come with a great army of liiiglisK 
nnd Indians, all ^'olunteers, witli resolutions to sub- 
due 'you, and make you sensible of your cruelties to 
OS, by treating you after the same manner. 

At this time we expect our men of war and tran- 
sport ships to be at Portroyal. (We having but late- 
ly parted with them.) 

In the last placn, wc do declare to yon, that In- 
asmuch as some of you have shown kindness to our 
captive:*, and expressed a love to, and desire of he-- 
ing under the English government, we do theref ^n?, 
notwithstanding all this, give yoU timely nolicCi ixii'i 



\ 



tMLUCA ANi$ INmAN' IiVaM 2'tS' 



A& demand a surrender imm'cdmtely, by the laying^ 
down your arms, upon which, we promise verygooa* 
quarter ; if not, you must expect the utmost severity -^ " 
. To the chief conimander of thx'5 town of Menid'^* 
and the inhabitants thereof, and we expect your an- 
swer, positively, wit?hin an hour. 

Benj^amin CHtmcH, Col. 
John Gorii am, lAeui. Cch 
WiNTUROP H11.TON, Maj,^ 

TThcti thovitig (a the creek, expecting to fiTaye ha^ 
water enough for the boats, as the pilot had informed 
them, but found not water enough for a caiioe. So' 
[they] wore obHged to laHd,. intendi:fig 16 have beenl^ 
lip at the' tov.n before the hour was dtit, that the* 
6<immons expressed. For their return wsis, 'Hhat 
if oiir forces would not hurt their estates, then ihcy' 
ivould surrender, if otherWifio intended^ they shouitf 

But meeting with «6veral creeks, nc.ir twenty oi*' 
tliirty feet deep, which were very muddy awl liirty;^ 
60 tjiat the army could not get over them, [and] wore- 
oLiiged to. return to theix boats- again, and Wait till' 
Ivi^hin mght, before the tide served them to go up* 
to the town. And then* [they] intended to go up 

tFctty near the town, and nottoiall to, till morning f 
eing in hopes that the bank» of th^ cfeeks woula 
slither them from the enemy. But the tide's rising 
so high, exposed therti siW to the enemy ; who had 
the trees and wood% to befriend them'; and' so came 
down in the night, and fifted snmrtfy at our forces. 
But Colonel Church being in a pinnace, that had a 
tmull cannon placed in the head, ordered it to be 
charged several ti»ne». with btftk^ts, in snmll bags, 
and Tired at (li«i enemy; which made such a rattling 
amongst the trees, tiiat [it] caused the enemy le> 
draw off. And by the great providence of Almighty 
God, not one of our forces was hurt that night* But 



i 



tii i^RENCSf AKD INDIA!^ WAR^. 

iui I have been ihformed, [die enemy]' had one tii* 
dian killed, and soihe others w,dund^, wb:ch wafil^ 
some dificouragemeht to [them.]' 

Next morning, by break bf day, Colonel Church 
brdered all his forces (and placed Maiol* Hilton oil 
the right wing) to run all up, driving the enemy be-^ 
fore tlicm ; who leaving their town to our forces, but 
had carried away the best of their goods, which werd 
Boon found by our soldiers. The biilk of the enemy 
happening to lie against our right wing, caused the 
hottest dispute there. [They]' lay behind logs and 
trees, till our forces, and Major Hilton, who led them,- 
came [ — Y "PO'* them, and forced thchi to run; 
And notwithstanding the sharp firing of the enemy 
at our forces, by the repeated providence of Ooc^ 
Khere was never a man of ours killed or wounded. 

Our soldiers hot having been long in town, before' 
tbcy fCn»;d considerable quantities of strong drink,. 
iotJi brandy aiiJ claret; and being VjD^y gre^uly 
after it, eppecially the In<Hans, were very disorderly j 
firing at every pig, turkey, or fowl [that] they saw ^ 
©f wJiich [there] were very plenty in the town, 
which endangered Oiir own men. Colonel Church 
perceiving the disorder, and fififtg of hi» own mei^ 
ran to put a stop to it, [and] had several shot come 
▼ery near him. And finding what had occasioned 
this disorder, commanded his officers to knock out 
the heads of every cask of strong liquor they could 
find in the town, to prevent any further disturbance 
among his army; knowing, [that] it was impossible 
to have kept it from them, especially the Indians, it 
it were saved, <Slc. 

Then some of the army who wore desirous to 
pursue the.chetny, having heard them driving away 




Hthcyl 2£tbeenemyJ ^twho] < [on] ^[who] 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, ^75 

and Lieutenant Barker,* who led the Colonel's com- 
pany, in the centre. And the ^aid Captain Cooket 
find Captain Church desired Lieutenant Barker no| 
to move too fast; so that he n^ight have the benefi| 
of their assistance, if he had occasion. But the said 
(lieutenant not being so careful as he should havQ 
been, or at least was too eager, was shot down, and 
another man, which were ail the men that were kill<iiii;. 
6d in the whole expedition.f 

Towards night, Colonel Church ordered some of 
his forces to pull down some of the houses," and 
others to get logs and make a fortification for hig 
whole army to lodge in, that pightj that so they 
might be. together. And just l>efore night [he J or- 
dered sonie of hi^ men to go [aj^d} see if there wer^ 
any men in any of the houses in the town ; [andj if 
f there were] not, to sej thcni ail on fire, which wa^ 
done ; and the whole town seemed to be on fire all 
at once, <&c. 

The next morning the Cojonel gave orders to l^i^i 
paen, to dig down tlie dams, and let the tide in, to 
destroy all their com, and every thing that was good 
according to his mstructicnn ; J and to burn tlie for- 
tification which they had built tl\e day before ; and 
when the tide served to put all the plunder wliicl^ 
they had got into the boats. Then ordering his sol- 
diers to march a good distance one from another, 
which cau . d the enemy to tliink that there were nq 
less tlian a thousand jnen, as they said aflerwards j 
and that tlie burning of the fortification, and doing 

fis they did, caused the enemy to think that they wctq 

——^ ■ ' ' - II 

* Charlevoix, in his account of the taking oi* Menis, savji, 
that the Lieutenant General of the English ibrces, wa& klH-r 
ed, by which the Lieutenant of Church's company is meant. 

t Penhallow in N. H. Hist. Col. I, 34, says ^* not above six 
died in the whole expedition.'* 

X Thus do governments cause such horrid scenes. But i<^ 
the crime lessened? They are considered right intbetra^: 
:^ad custom of war. Bat is it so op that accoaat f 



■vait^j 



376 TRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

^one clear off, and not to return again. But it provu 
jfcd to the cqptrary ; for Coloik)! Cliurch and his fbr- 
.irvs, only went aboard .tiieir transports, and there staid 
.till the tide served. In thr? night [ihcyj* f nibarked 
on board their whaleboats, Iu!!ded some of their men* 
expecting they might meet Witli somo of the enemy 
^K^nding their dams ; which ihcy did. And «vSlh 
their boats went up anottfciT branch of the river to 
*^nother town or village, [and] upon «ux:h % surj»rise, 
{that thcyj took as many prisoners as they could de- 
. sire. 

And it happened that Colonel Church was at the 
f rench Cai'tttin's hou.<e when two gentlej^f?" cama 
pofi from the (jrovcrnour* of Portroyal to ftim, who 
wiLs the chief con\inander at Mtnis, with an express 
to send away two companies of men to defend the 
King's fort there ; and to give liim an accoui^t, that 
there were three English mm of war come into Port-» 
royal gut, or harbour ; an. I thut the men &;e^t for 
must be posted away with all speed. Colonel Church, 
'a* was said before, bein^i" there, trejite<l tho two gen- 
tlemen very hundaomtly, and told them, [that] ho 
would send them back again post to their muster 
upon iiis business. And bid them give him his hearty 
thanks for «>ending hiia such good news, that port of 
his fleet was in .-o good a harbour. Then reajijjg 
tlic summons to them that ho had sent to ^t!^^B^ 
Further added, thit their master, tlie GQvernoqr^'W" 
Portroyal, must iuunediatjtjly send away a poat to the 
iroVernour of Canada, at Cluebock, to preveut bis 
fu/thcr sending^ ajiy of his cruel and bloody French, 
and savages, as lu^ had liU-sly done u}V)n Ooerfield, 
yrhere they Irad c<^mmitted such horrible arul bIoo<ly 
outrages upon tho.^jo poor people, tiiut nuver did 

■ • Modflieur DeSuHt;r<!isr, thii^y^tr came in to be i;overn« 
liar of Acadif . Fottroyai, I .-iu^iici't . was hi^ princi|/al 8ea|^ 
The next year he dro\ e ihe Bt^ i« from Newfoundlaadi 
imd des(sioye4 their setllcincat;:. I . .,**'*s U, 6^. 



JfRENCH AND WCDtAN WAHg. ''^'^^ 

Aiem any harm, as is intolerable! to think 'of; and 
that for the future^ if any such hostilitieis were made 
upon our frontier towns, or any of them, he would 
MOHxne out with a thousand savages, and whaleboati 
convenient, and ^tum his back upon them, and let 
his savages scalp, and roast the French ; or, at teast, 
jUreat them as their savages had treated ours^ 

[He] also gave them an account of part of thai 
action at Kassaniequado, and how that bis soldiers 
bad killed and scalped some Canada men there, and 
wolild be glad to serve tbptn so too, if he would per- 
init them, which terrified them' very mucb,* &c, 
The two f'rene^ gentlemen that came post, made 
solemn promises, that they would punctually do the 
Cola»el*s message to their Govemour. So with the 
4lesire of the French people ihere, that the Govefn* 
our migh.t have this intelligence, Colonel Church 
dismissed theii», and sent' them away ; telling the 
sa^e story to several of the prisoners, and what they 
must expect, # some speedy course were not taken 
;to prevent further outrages upon the English^ The 
number of prisonersf tJien prcsejEit, which were con- 
siderable, did unanimously entreat of Colonel Church, 
that he wov.ld take them under the protection of the 
crown of Englai^ ; rQq.kin^ great promises of their 
iidelity to the jbm^'^ begging with great agony of 
spirit to save their lives, ar>d to protect them from 
his savages, whom they iCxtremely dreaded. 

As t.6 the matter of the sq,yages, he told them, 
jTthat] it woTiId be just retaliation for him to permit 
his savages to treat the French in the same manner, 
as the French with their savages treated our friends 
in our frontier towns. But as to his taking them un- 
der the protection of the crown of England, he ut- 
— — — — ' - I ■'■»■■ i l l ' — ■ " . 

* This, the conmander of Portroyal,. says Uatchinsoo, 
must know to be a gasconade* r^ 

t Penballow says, tEat in thif eicpeditidn one hviidk'ed pri- 
soners were taken. Bo say»1>r. Douglass, I» 807 ; ]^bSbiy 
oa the same autlunri^tr/^ 



■ «I9 :. FRIIKCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

terljr refused it ; urging to thorn, their former pcrfi- 
<iiousness. They alpo Urging to him, that it woulJ be 
impossible for luiy French to live imy where in the 
1)Hy of Fundy, if they were not taken under the Eng- 
lish government. For with the benefit of the whul^r 
boats, (as the English called them) they coiiUl take 
•Jind destroy all tlieir people in the town of Meni?-*, 




crown of En;g)and, and the subjects thereof in our 




»i 



therefore, he eould make no other teims of peace 
■ Avith tbem, than, that if tlie French at Mcnis, Sig- 
Jiecto, and Canfidii, would keep at home with tlieir 
1>loi>dy savagefi, and not commit any hostilities upon 
siny of our fro/itiers, we would return home and leave 
ihcm. For that we lived at .1 gror.t distance off, an J 
Jiad not come near them to hurt them now, ha(I not 
the blood of our poor fricn«l3 and brethj*en, in rM 
the frontiers of our province cried for vengeance. 
EspeciallVj that late unheard of barbarity committed 

* It 18 situated t;n I he west fvle of Novas<*otia, on a river 
<nf the ►aine name, wliicli flows into the bav of Funily.. Men* 
lion has h*?en niaHo of the expedition to Canada in 16^0, un- 
4^er Sir William Phips ; th« reduction of Portroyal "h as o*^ 
•4:iited under the sajijie gr^ntloman, in the same year, but pre- 
vious. It wjas commanded hy Gov. Menival, who built it about 
16C3. When Phi])S took it, it was both " ill fortilied and ill 
jn'ovided," See note 1, on |:aj;e i77. It was in no condition 
lo stand a ^ege, and submitted without posistancf*. (Hutch- 
inson, 1, S52.) Hat it wa?, in 1705, retaken hy the i«'rench. 
Ag:ain in 1710, a large armament under Col. Nicholson went 
against it, of which they made an easy conquest. There 
irere but 360 men to defend it. The £ngli%)h had fr frigates, 
6 lower rates, and 34 tran^port^. After it was taken tlxe 
name was changed from Port Bojal to Annapotiv ^royal^ 
^bich ft Tct retains; 



>lpon tl»e town of Dcerfield ; which wrought so gene-^- 
i:;illy on the iiearts of our people, lliat our forces 
f^^auio out with that unanimity of spirit, both among 
tjie English and our savages, tliat we had not, nor 
iicodod a pressed man nnlong them. The Colonel 
altfo teUing them, that if ever hereafter any of out 
ii-onticrt, east or west, were molested by them, as 
formerly, that he would, {if God spared his life) and 
ihey might dt^pend upon it, return upon tliem with a 
thousand of his savao-es, (if lie wanted them,) all vo- 
iuntcers, with oUr w-Iiulcboats, and pur;iue them to 
\hc last extremity. 

The Colonel's warm discourse tvith tliem, ^vrought 
such a consternation in them, which they discovered 
by their punick fears and tremblings their hearts sen^ 
sibly beating, and rising up, as it were, ready to choko 
them. [They] confessed, that they were all his pri- 
><onirs, and begged of him, for JESUS' sake, to save 
thci^r livc«, and the lives of their poor families, with 
«iicb tnelting terms, as wrought relentings in tiio 
Colonel's breast towairds them. But however, he toIJ 
them, that his intent was to carry as many prisoners 
home as he could ; but that he had taken so many, 
ihey were more than he had occasion for, nor desired 
-any more; and, thorefrire, he would leave them. 

The Colonel resolving the next day to complete all 
Lis action at Menis, and so draw off. Accordingly, 
fhe] sent his orders to Colonel Gorham and Major 
llilton, with all tlie English companies, both officers 
luid soldiers, except some few, which he thought he 
might have occasion for, to go with the Indians in the 
w haleboats. up the eastward river, where a third part 
of the inhabitants lived. That so he might prevent 
any reflection made on them, in leaving any part of . 
the service undone. And therefore, in the evening, 
ordered all the whalcboats to be laid ready for the- 
night's senice. . And, accordingly when tlie tide serv- 
ed, he went with his Indians up the river, where th^ 
ftfd some spoil upon the enemy going up.\ 



r' 



( 



38« FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 

In the morning, several of their transpof tg came 16 
flN(et tliem, to their great rejoicing, whom they i^ent 
#n board [of] and soon coine up with the whole fleets 
with whom they joined, bending their coarse direotlj^ 
"towards Portrdyal, where they were ordered. Contf-* 
ing to Portroyal gut, where their 8hip9 were, and call* 
vig a council according to his instructions, drew up 
ilieir result, which is as followotii.'^ 

* PreaefU all the Fidd Officers and Captains qf the 
land/orccSy aboard tke province GaUei/, 4th Jtdj/f 
1704, in Vortvoyoi harbour . 

We whose names are hereunto sub^cidbed, having' 
^eliberatelv considered the cause in hand", ii^hetherit 
be proper to land all our forces, to offend and destroy 
Hs much as we can at Portroyal, all or any part of the 
Vihabitants thereof, and their estates, we are of opin- 
' ioA| that it is not for our interest and honour, and the 
tountry's, whom we serve^ to land and expoi$e eiio^ 
«^IvG8 : but( nuit it wholly, and go on about our other 

busmess, we rase i(i dO; ^g tnis fcfe^h, fftaf we" 
judge ourselves iiiferipur to tiie strength of the ene- 
my; and, therefore, IJie danger and risk we run, iir 
|[riE!ater than the advantage we can, or are likely ta 
objtain ; seeing, the enemy hath such timely notice, 
and long opportunity to provide themselves agaio^l^ 
tM; by our ships' lying here in die road about twelvd*^ 
days before we could join them from Menis, wlief^' 
we were during that time, and being so mejBinly pro- 
vided with necessaries, convenient for such an under- 
laking.with* so snaall ii Atimber of men, not being 
bur hun'clred, capable and fit for service to land ;. 
and, understanding, by all the intelligence we can 

* That anj steps should be take nv or even any thing saift 
alK$Ut reducing Portroyal, may seewiftrahge, after they l^tP 
t>een so peremptorilv reiiawd, by the Governour,- as hats bOw 



i^ai^td. \a the precetiin^istorjr. See page 91)3:. 




taxNca Aim iNDiAir wiiBK ss^ 

gei^ from both English, and French;- prisonersytli^ 
the fort is exceeding strong. .■ _..i 

John Gorham^ iiieM. CoL^ 
WiimiRop KiJUTdN^ Mni&ief 
Jos: Brown, 

Jabes CoLEy ^ , 

John Cook, ,4 

Isi:AC Myrick, • vt . t 

John Harraoow,. > \ 

Constant Churcit,' 
JoftN Dyer, ■ > . . i 

. Joshua Labib, 
Caleb Williamson^ ' r 

Edward Church." 

^I^RTing pursuant to my instructions, taken the b$« 
vice of the genUemen above subscribed, and con. 
sidering the weight of their reasons, I do concU^ 
therewith. BENJAMIN CHURCH." 

"Whereas Colonel Church hath desired our opin-^ 
ions, as to the landing the forces at Portroyal, Uiey 
being but ^ur hundred effective men to land ; and 
by all the information, both of French and English 
prisoners, the enemy having a greater number of mei^ 
and much bettei^ provided to receive, than they ar^ 
to attack them, we* do believe, it is for tbe service of 
the crown, and the preservation of her Majesty's sub«^> 
act as above mdfttioned. 

Thomas Smith> *' 

George Rogers^ % 
Cyprian Southack.'?'! 

I 

After this they concluded what should be next 
done, which was, that the ships should stay some dayi^ 
longer at Portroyal gut, and tlwn g<* over lo Mount-, 
desart harbour, and there stay til! Colonel Church, 
with his transports, came to them. 

Being all ready; the Colonel with his tranfsports and. 
forces went up the bay to fiigneotOi where tliey aeedr^ 



i 



482 1*RENCH AND IN0IAN WARSw 

€<1 not a pilot, being several of thftnvTvell acquarntea' 
there. (And {theyj had not met with so many dif^ 
calttes at Menis, had it not been that their pilot de- 
ceived them, who knew nothing of the matter, [and J 
kept out of the way, and landeil not with them^ &c.) 
And coming to Signccto, the enemy were all in arm? 
to receive them. Colonel Churtfh landing his men, 
' the commander of the enemy waving his sword over 
his head, bid a challenge to them. The Colonel or- 
dering his two wings to march up apace, and come* 
upon the backs of the enemy- Himself being in the 
centre, and the enemy knowing him, (having been- 
there before) shot chicifly at him. But tlirough God^s 
goodness, received no liarm ; neither had ho one man 
killed, nor but two slightly wounded ; and then ull r<an. 
into the woo. Is, and left their town with nothing in it. 
Having had tiinek notice of ouc forces' [comioig, they J 
.had carried all away out of the reach- of oiu army; 
for Colonel Church while there with part of his for- 
ces, ranged the woods, but to no purpose. Then re— 
tui nm55 to the town, did them what spoil he could^- 
nccouhng to bis instructioijs, and so drew off, and 
madct the best of their way for Pussamcquado. 4^\d 
going *m, in a great fog, one of their transports ran 
ypon a r6cJv, but was soon got oiF again. 

Then Colonel Church with some of his forces em*" 

Marked in their whaleboat**, and went amongst the 

fslauds, v'ith an intent to go to S!iarkce*s where they . 

,Jiad destroyed the fish. But observing a springy 

'3)^100 in a cove, went on shore to get some water to 

Wrink. it being a sandy beach, they espied tracksr 

Uic Colonel presently ordered his men to scatter and' 

make search. [They] soon found De Boisse«'* wife, 

who had formerly bceai Colonel Church's priso}ier,. 

and carried to Boston, but retumeif who seemed 

Yory ^lod to see hiiti. She had with her, two soos,- 

ti.'nt Wi re near mcui ^:own. The Colonel ordering 

th<:[u apart, exa"nine:l the woman first, vWio gave hi oi 

ih'is account foilowini;. That she had live<l there- 

it . ■ - » ' ■■ > " ' .- IIP'' 



•mboia. kTHWB AWviifa^ 



'hbouts ever since, the floet went by; and that die- 
had never seen but two Indians since, wlip come iii 
a canoe from Norrigwock ;* [knd thirt they j^ asked 
her, ^ what made her to be there alone V she toM 
them [that] she hud not seen a Frenchman nor aa 
Indian, except those two, since the English ships 
went by. Then the Indians told her, ' there was not 
one Indian left, except those two, who belonged to 
the gut of Canso, oh this side of Canada. For thoso 
Iriars. coming down with the Indians to Monsieur 
Gourdan's ; and finding the Frenchmen slain, and their 
hair spoiled, being scalped, put them into a ,^^rcat 
consternation. And the friars told them it was im- 
possible for them to live thereabouts ; for the Eng* 
llsh with their whaleboats wouhl servo them ail ho; 
upon which they all wont to Norrigwock.' Also 
told her that 'when the. English came i^.!i"»ng through 
Penobscot, they hod swept itaf tlic inhuL^itants, as if 
it had been swept willi a broQm; neitljc r Frencli nor 
Indians ebcaj»ing them.' [And,] f-nihrr told her, 
that when their fathers, tiie friars, and the Ir.dian* 
met together at Ncrrig^vock, they called a coiiiicil^ 
and the friars told the Indians, that thoy must k)ok 
out for some other country, for th;it it wai3 impossi-< 
ble for tlif.in to l-ve there.' Also told them [that} 
* there was a river called Mossipfee,;|- where they might 
live quietly, and no English come near them ; it be- 
ing as far beyond Canada as it was to it, <fe,c., and if 
-they would go and live there; they would live and 
die with them ; but if not they would leave them, 
and never come near them again.' Whereupon 
they all agreed to go away, which iliey did; and left 
their rough household stuff, and corn behind thein; 
jBJid went all, except those two, for Canada. Alsd 
her sons giving the seme intelligeiice» so wc had n6 
reasQD jto dti ink,i^ut that it was trUiC. 

k ^ [who] . ^ . 

f^jBmdi^;ew(»ck... See note 1, on page ^7. 






4S4 ilrtlF.NC!!*ANDlNl5lAN WAni. . 

Colonc- -'Jj-or. - Iv.iviTig done what he could lliera, 
cmbrirkcd on Ijojird the transports, and went to 
Mountdcsart. [H«^l found no ships thorn, but a 
Tundlct, rid off by a lino m the harbour, which he 
ordered to be taken np And opening of it, found a 
letter, wliich gave him an account that the ships 
were gone home for Boston. 

Thi^n he proceeded and went to Penohscot. Where 
being come, [they] made diligent search in those 
parts for the enemy ; but could not find, or make any 
diacovory of them ; or that any had been tbcro, ^»ince 
he left those parts ; which caused biai to beliere 
what De Boisses' wife had told him was true. 

I will, only by the way, just give a iiint of what 
we heard since, of the ejects of this expedition, and 
then proceed. First, that the Engh'sh forces that 
went next to Norrigwock, found that the enemy was 
gone, and had left their rough household stuff, and 
corn behind them.* 

Also, not long after this expedition, there were 
MTeral gentlemcnf sent down from Canada, to con- 

* Reference is here made, it is thought, to the expedltioa 
ftnder Col. Hiltoo, in the winter of 1705. He with ibO Eng- 
lish, and 20 Indians (Dr. Doixglasfsays he had but 220 men)! 
repaired to Norridgewock on snow $hoes, but found <w ene* 
inies to contend with. They burned the dp$erte(ln¥'ffj|rwaiiisi« 
and a chapel, and then returned. 8ee Belknap, I, 268^ aoct 
Penhallow, 28, 

About the same time an express was ordered with n\ow 
riioes for the frontiers, but was intercepted by a scont from 
Montreal, who robbed him of 50 pounds m money ; vAich, on 
being taken to Canada, the GoFernour eonTeVted it into a 
lK>w),and called it the Newengland gift. lb.} or N. H. Hist. 
8oc. Col. 1, 45. 

t Hutchinson, 11, 141, sub anno 1706, mentions that 4 ur & 
persons were sent to Canada *' for the exchange of nfiiioners, 
who brought back itir. Williams, the minister, an(f many of 
the inhabitants oi Deerfield, with other captives.'* lie me^it* 
tions no moi-c than one's being sent from Canada, aud t'latv 
sAer pui's ha:l been sent there. Hence it appears th«ii. be 



^R}lcn AND INDLVN WAfcft 26& 

imrt with our Govcrnour al)out the settling 6f a ca/- 
itil for the exchange of pri55oners ; and that the GoV* 
ernour* of Cnnachi has never since sent down aa 
siriny upon our frontiers, (tJiat I fcnow of) except 
sometimes a scout of Jndiahs to tuko some prisToiiers, 
that he might bo informed of our slate, and what we 
Iverc acting, (Ix. And always took care tliat the 

'prisoners set taken, should he civilly treated, and 
safely returned, as I have been informed. [Also,]! 
that some of the prisoner^ that were taken gave an 
account [to this effect;] so that we have great cau^ 
to believe, tM the, messaged [which} (iolonel Churoh 
sent by the ^two French gentlemen from Menisy to 

. the Goveruour of Portroyal, took eli'ect, and was a 
means to bring peace in our borders, &c. 

Then Colonel Clmrch with his. forces embarked oa 
board the tirausj)orts, and went to Casco bay, where 
they met with Captain Gallop, in a vessel from Bos- 
tmi^ who had brouglit Goloae I- Church further prdops^r 
t^uich v»ore, to send aomc of his fences iJt^ to ^'di'riV- 



^ock, in pursuit of tiie enemy. But he being senbi* 
ble that the enemy were gone ftoni thence, and that 
his soldiers were much worn out, and fatigued in the 
iiard service tliey had already done, and wanted to^ 
get hoiAe, [hjj] called a council, and a^^cddy dft tb 
go home ; which, accordingly they did'. 
.To coiiclude' th'fs expedif ion, 1 \^iit just ^ve A hint^ 

of some treatment,! [which*]/ Colonel Churcfihad be-» 

• ' . : — - 

%vh.o was foroxerly taken at Welb dnd earned to Canada, 
\vii% from thence sent to concert the exchange of priaonew.** 
He gave infurmatidfi thcti there were ftbout 187 Enfflish 

Iifi'soners with the' French and Indians. ^* Upon the advice 
lereof," the persons mentioned by Htftchlnson, were sen%to 
ijanada, and succeeded in reseain|^ About iK> captivet. The 
French Cruiernovir was k^pt in f)US|>en«e by the management 
ef (joverooiir Dudley. . fie wished for a neutrality, and diiv» 
ing the time, the frontiers enjoyed peace and tranqiiillit)U« 
Butchiniior), ib. 

• Yaudreuil. 

t It appears that Church was censured wrongfully^ utfk 
ift. mmi^ tuM| Wm tb« Atulta^ duo oalf t« others. Fov £. 



23C i^ilENCN AND INDIAN WARSi 

fore aiKl after lie Came home. For all his gteat eH^ 
})en8es, fatigues and hard:^hip«(, in and about this ex-' 
peditioUj viz., he received of his excellency fifteen 
^JOundSf as an uarnest penny, towards raising? voluu- 
Irers; And after he came to receive his deben- 
ture for his Colonr^rs pay, there were two shillings and 
four pence due to him. And ai* for his Captain's 
\my* and man Jack ; he has never received any things 
as yet. 

AIho, after he catne home, some ill mincled per*-- 
sens did their endeavour to have taken away his life; 
for there \fere some of the French enemy kille4,f 
[inj this expedition. But his exct'llency the Gov- 
iprnour, the honourable council, and the house of 
representatives, saw cause to clear him, and gave him 
tliknks for his good service done.} 




to Portioyal," not kiio\^ing that Le was strictly oroerrO to 
the contrary ; therefore, we are net ourprised tl.at he fhonld 
be blametij untillhe truth S'hould be known. The Gbrtrn-* 
our Was accused of preRervirg that place to benefit bitoseU" 
by an illegal trade with the inhabitants* However this may 
bcj he excuj^ed himself by saying, that he had no orders frona 
t]je (|ueen to go against it j ind that her Majesty was to 
4<f*nd over in the fe{>ring. a force expressly for that purpose^ 
Ais has been previous-ly stated in this hi<tory< 

* It wili be recollected that be Was eoinfriissioncd Colonel 
and Captain at the same time, and in the same warrant. 

t See page 265* Some of the enemy^ that v;culd not sury- 
^nden 

J T^iu*? ends the military achievements of the justly cfele-*' 
bratetl D£^jamin CrcuRcii. [The reader is rpi[ue»ted to 
4*orrecJ an i?irourin Dr. Douglass' History, I, 557, 8, whcrdc 
he ob.*erve«. !»iat Col. Church made an expedition in 1707-S/ 
it was Cob i\aaiThi| 



APPENDIX 



J, SOMR ACCOUNT Of TlUl VXTxl.Y VOVAGCS TO, ANB 

SEfTi*>:Mi:NTi ifi NOiirii A»iLi:iueA, and the 

TilKAT "i'^'T OV '^'^^ IM'IAN'S By 
THOSt; VC^YAliiiii*. 

ft " i 7i ~^ 

As early as 15C8, the iiatives of Xorth America 
begun to he*carn<?d away by voyagers, soiiietirnes by 
force, «»d soiiietlnes by flattiiry. At t!iis early j)u% 
ritxi, oiic Aubert, u Frenohinari, j^ailed up tiie river St. 
Lawrciice, and on Jiis ietiirn toFi-mcej conveyed aJf 
II number of ibe natives.* L: ii>{~r), a coLnv w;w 
f*ent out from En;2;lujid, under tiie direttloij of Sir 
Wjilter Rtdegli, find was k( tikid at lloauoko. 'ftiij* 
was t!ie Ihax l]i)'i]ii^h colony ]>hjijted in Ameiica.t 
TliffJUgh their mit^coiKhict to ihe native?;, and to omi 
anotlier, they found themselves in a mist^rablo condi-r 
tion before the end of a year. Sir Francis Diakq 
leturning that wa^ from a cruise against the Spa::i- 
Jirds, gav^ them a passage to Ejigland ni his iie.'.t. 
Just before t!ie arrival of Drake, a chief, and maiiy 
of his men were killed, and jifierwards i,n IiKfJriii 
town was bunrcd, byotdtr of Sir liichard Grenvillo, 
^vho brought supplies to the coh>nists. 

In 1G02, Bartholomevi' Closnold .'-adfvl fro?n Vti\^- 
IoikJ, and wius the iirt^t Englishman tliat came ma 
direct course to this pait of America. J lie full in 
with the coast near Cape Cod, which he discovt^rcd. 
Being metu€;ar the shore, by tlie nativc^^ in their ««? 



-*— — 



* American Aun4il«, T, S7. . 1 11^- ^j UD. 
t Belknap, Biog. I, ii31. 



aaS APPENDIX* 

ooes, was kindly treated by them, and they belpel. 
him load his vessjcls.* 

The next year, Martin Pring arrived on the coast, 
«ind collected a cargo of Sas.^afras.f The Indians 
«.ppetired hostile to this com[>auy, and caused theiii 
to 1-jave the coast, sooner than they woujd otherwise 
have done. But this was not without a cause. • A 
canoe had been stolen firoin then^, and they were 
sported with by the sailors, who, to get rid of them^ 
flffiicn they had amused thcmselvGs sufficiently, wpuldi 
set their dogs to chase them away. 

In 1G05, Captain George Weymouth carried off fi?e 
^f the natives from the coast of Newengland, against 
|heir consent ; one of whom was a chief. 

le 1G07, the first permanci^t colony of Virginia 
arrivoci in the Chesapeak, the twentysixth of April, 
«nd the thirteenth of M^y, they took a position fpr 
a town ; which, soon after, in honour of Kiqg jjunesy 
was nain/ed James 'I'own. They wore annoyed by 
jlie Indians at first, and one person was killed.* A 
jwficc was concluded in June following, but it was 
of short duratipn. An attempt, also, to settle a 
colony on Kennebecli river was mitde this year> but 
was relitiquished the next. J 

In iCl4, Captain John Smith made a profitable 
voyage to Newenglapd, and m^dc an accurate sur- 
rey of its coast. The Newengland Indians, in t\n% 
4royage, were juf»tly incensed against the English, to 
a great degree. Whif:n Stnith v.cnt f >r Enn^-and, he 
ieit one Ht^nt to complete his cfii.:;0 oi* fish. This 
perfidious man enticed twentyfour Indiana on board 
his vessel, put them in confinement, and sold them 
nt Malaga, to tho Spaniar^k, far slave^5. In the (!oir'. e 
of the year, another vessel came on 1/1^ coast to trjclfs 
with two of those fakca.off by IIv:ni, to assist in xUq 

» » ■ I » I - » ■ m M I III . , ■ . I | i II ■ m 

• SasMifras and furs were then the arli4iles of exportation. 

t See Bf^iknap's life tf- Prins. Sasrafrat was collected 
Ikbout the islands. Pring found it os what ifi now Edgaiv 
town. 

t See page 171 ^aad Mte 5. 



APPENDIX^ ue$ 

^business. It was now designed to settle a trading 
l)ous8« but the Indians soon discouraged them in t!ie 
^attempt. One of the prisoners had died, and the 
other was not permitted to go on shore. But some 
.-approached the ship undcr%pr<j|ence of trade, and he 
jumped overboard. Hik; friends in the canoes discharg- 
ed their arrows so thick at the same time, that in 
ilefiauce of the English guos, they got him on board, 
>aiid paddled off. A number of the English were 
badly wounded, and isome of the Indians killed. Tlio 
English were discouraged, and sailed for England."* 
T\\o other natives, carried awa^ by Hunt, found 
.aneans, in time; to g^et i)ack to Newcngland, and in 
tome nieaaiTe, allayed the vengeance of their coun- 
trymen ; by assuring them that the English, m geno- 
ril. were highly,displeased at the conduct of Captain 
•Hunl.f 

These, and many other ins^rhs. on the Indians 
jlliough small, m comparison with those suffered l\ 
tlitir race in South America, were more than enough' 
to cause them to entertain fearful approhen«ons of 
evQry stronger. 

Before 1610, perfiaps it would have been alto- 
gether imprricticable to have attempted a scttlcmcn*^ 
in Nevven^land, previous to iJiis time. The natives 
before whi6h, v/ere extremely num^ous and warlike ; 
but tliis }'^iar,J « mortal sickness prevailed among 
tlicm, that ahncne^t entirely desolated th« country; in- 
*onuJch, that the living could not bury the dead. 
For w liea tli^ Piltrrims arrived at Plvmouth, the .ground 
waf? Ktrcwed with hum;n bones. The extent of this I 
pestilence v/as frryn Penobscot to Narragansct.§ : 

* American Annals^ I, 181, 135. f Hist. N. H. 1, 10, 'i. 

t Tt is not certain thai this i^iague ham-encd in ^^^t 
tli-'Uijih from Johnsoo r^cA others cilftH by Holmes, (I 207, 
208) it atvppars i>ro])aMe. Morton, 25, says that it '^as tw«» 
or three years before the f»o<tlcraftnt of Pkmouth Prince 
Chron. 119, thinks this plague rage^ as early as ^^^ oi* l" 

5 Prince,. Chron. IS6, an:i £elkna|% BAOg. t *^'^^« 

25 " : ' 



-1.4&.- 



290 APPENDIX. 



IT. ORIGIN OF THE SETTLEMIiNT OF NEWEXGL.VNV^* 

BmoTUT and superstition b^gan to l(>sc some 
ground in England, as early as 1550. And the por- 
sccutions, and sufferings of the early martyrs of re- 
ligious freedom, have been the i-uhjcct of many mas-» 
sy vtilumes. In 1549, a liturgy l.ad been propnreil 
by the bishops, and a law pas.^ed both houses of Pur- 
lianient, " that all divine ofnccs sIiouU be performcct 
according to it."* The clergy were ordered tf> 
conform to the liturgy, under puio of fines and im- 
prisonment- And, as has always shiQe been the case, 
Rinong all sects, the new sect, then denomiuated Pu- 
ritaiiSf grew more numerous, in proportion, as the 
severity of persecution increased. 

In 1G07, a coTigrtgation fled from England into 
Holland, and in 1GG8, were joined by others, and a 
cliufch was there established, according, as they bc-r 
lievod, to the pri,nci{>les of the primitive rhurch of 
Christ J having Mr- John Rob!:ison fs:fr thjir paster. 
Their removal from Eiioliuid into Ilollaiyl, v»us at- 
tended with the great(*st! diriieultics, and tliough over- 
looked by the chief historians, v* ho h^ive written upon 
tiieir history, is certiii^Iy among ihe fir^t articles that 
fcliould be related. U f?)nned u part of a Manuscript 
History, Vvritten ;'*; Mr. William Bnidfor<l, one of 
llieir number, >/hi<;h, though since los>tf, was in pos- 
session of GoverncQr Ilntcirms ri, wlio copied this 
valuable part info his "i^ummary of the atiairs of {}iq 
colony of New rivmouth,"! which is as follovs. 

.'* There was a lar^e c<^'rn|ai)y of them proposed 1o 
g<^'V pa' .sage at BostiM hi I'-lncoInshire, a»i<l F>r thnt 

* V.N1..U.S'. Annals, I, 50. 

t At 1 ui^i, it has not be^n siPen since :77i, when the TlrlU 
i»U J'«iriie^ui)i.Se.i' Gen. Gage, in a iMicriiet;iou- manner, 4ij»^ 
tiiib?fl tiic ^vntontb oi the eld Kputh charcli, Virherti-it was dc 

poniteil. \ . ■ 

t In fxis IIist.\^as«. U^ No. I Api^cr.alx. 



%hd had hired a ship whclly to tI)oniselvcs, and made 
tigrecmcnt with the mapter to be ready at a certain 
cifiy, and take them and their g^oods in at a oonve- 
nient place, wfaere accordihgly th^y would all attenj^ 
m readiness. 60 ^Sifter iong waiting and large e.\« 
f cnse, though he kept not day with them, yet he 
t^ame fet length and t6ok them in, in the night. But 
when he had liicm and their goods aboard he betrayed 
them, having beforehand complotted with the search- 
ers and other officers so to do, who took them €Uid pat 
them into open boats, and then rifled and ransacked 
them, seatcning them to their shirts for money, yea, 
«ven the women, further than became modesty, and 
then carried them back into the town, and made them a 
>?pectacle and wonder to Ihe multitude, which eame 
locking on all sides to behold them. Being thu^, 
^jrst by tiie catch-poles, ri^ed and stript of ;thei:r 
tnone}', books, and much other goods, they were pre^ 
rented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to in-^ 
form the lords of the council of them, and so tliey 
"ivere committed to ward. Indeed the magistrates 
tised them courteously, and showed them what favour 
they couid, but could not deliver them: till order 
cr.mc from tho council table ; but* the issue was, that 
after a month^s imprisonment, the greatest part were 
<!i?missed, and sent to the places from whence they 
came^. but seven of tlits principal men were still kept 
in prison and boimd over, to the assizes. The next 
spring after, there was another attempt made, by 
ijorae of these and others, to get over at anotlier 
f lace. And so it fell out, that they light of a Dutch- 
man at Hull, having a ship of his own belonging to 
Zealand. They made agreement with him, and ac- 
tjuainted him with their condition, hoping to find ' 
more faithfulness in him, than in the former of thejr 
own nation. He t)ade them not fear, for he wouKi do 
.well enough. He was by apppointment to take them 
ijj, between Grindstone^ and HulL where was a large 

• Grimsby says Dclknap* 



533 APPENDIX. 

fioaifDon; a good way distant from ftny tcwu^ Now 
i^ainst the jnefixcd time, the women nn ! childrrn, 
with the goods, vtere sent, to the |jkicc in u sm;df 
hnxky which they had hired for that end, and the m^n 
were to meet them by land ; but it so foil out, that 
they were there n day before the ship came, and the sea 
Keing rough and the women very sick, prevailed with 
the seaj^nen to put into a creek hard by, where they* 
by on ground at igw water. The next motHin^ the 
shjjp came, but they were fast and* could not stir till 
about noon. In the mean time, the shipmar-tec per- 
ceiving how tlie matter was, sei\t his boat to get the 
Wien aboard, whom ko saw ready, iv/al king a-bout the 
•hore, but after the first boat-full was got aboard, and 
she was ready to go for more, the master espied a 
|;reat company both hor«e and foot, with bills and 
guns aud other weapons, for the country was raised 
to take them. The Dutchman seeing that, swore his 
country oath, ^ Saoratnettte,'* uxid having the wind fair-, 
weighed anchor, hoisted sails, and away. Aftac eiu* 
during a fcacful storm at sea, for lowfeen days of 
jnore, seven whereof they never saw sun, moon nor 
Irtars, ami being driven near the coast of Norway^ 
they arrived at their desired haven, where the people 
came fiocking, admiring their deliverance, the storixb 
liaving been so long and sore, in which much htit-t 
bad been done, as the master^s friends related to hitn 
in their congratulations. The rest of the ipen that 
were in greatef»t danger, made asliift to escape away 
before the troop could surprise them, those only stay- 
ing that best might be assisting unto the wonnien. 
But pitiful it was to see the heavy case of these poop 
women in distress ; what weeping and crying on evory 
©ide, some for their husbands that were carried away 
in the ship, others not knowing what should bocomo 
of them and their little Ques, crying for fear and 
quaking with cold. Being apprehended, they were 
hurried from one place to another, till in the end they 
i^ew not what to d(| witli them ; for» to imprison 9o, 



APPENDIX. 29 f 

ipimi]^ woiaeti with their' 1 :nt chiMreti {bv no * 
other cause, many of them', that they would go 
with their husbands, seemed to >e ujdreasoaable, and 
all would cry out of them; and to send them home 
again was as difBcult, for they alleged, as the truth 
was, they had no nomes to go to, for they had either 
sold or otherwise disposed of their houses and Uv- 
ings : To be «hort, after they had been thus turmoilod 
a good while, and conveyed from one constable tf^ 
another, they were glad to be rid of them in the emi » 
upon any terms, though, in the mean time, thpy, poor 
souls, endured misery enough." 

After remaining several years in Holland, they be- 
gan to fear that their company would finally become . 
lost, by their connexion with ' the Dutch ; and that 
their elForts to establish the true religion, also lost- 
Some of their young men had already engaged in 
the military service of the Dutch, and marriages with 
their young women had taken place. These things 
caused much grief to the pious Forefathers; mora 
especially, because the Dutch were dissolute in their 
morals. , , 

Under these considerations, their thought^ were 
turned towards America; but, never so far north as 
Newen^land. Sir Walter Ralegh was about this 
time,* projecting a settlement it> <jfuiana, and this 
place was first taken under -«^nsideration. Here tk 
perpetual spring was promised, and all the beauties 
of a tropical sunwner ^"^ consideriiig the diseases 
which were so hu} to Europeans, and tlv^ir nea^^ 
vicinity to the a*^niards,f the majority were against • 
a removal tlii^*^* 

At length they resolved to make their settloment 
in north ^^rginia,t and accord'tnglr they sent r.gent** 

f The Spaniards had not actually taken pos^fetBion of thit - 
^u'^vj) l>nt claimed it. Belknap, Biog. IJ, 167. 

I North America was then known under the general namNi » 
jf north and south Virginia, ciivided by-tbe piraUel'oi' 408* 



* 



»4 APPENDBt. 

to England^ ta obtain a grant from the Virgiitm eenn^ 
pany, and to know whether the King would grant 
them liberty of conscience, in that distant country* 
The Virj|[inia company were willing to grant them 
fliich privileges as were in their power, but the bigot* 
ted James wonld agree no further, than " to connire 
at them, provided they should conduct peaceably.""*^ 

The agents returned the next year, 1618, to the 
great discouragement of the congregation. Resolved, 
however, to make another trial, agents were sent 
sigain the next year, and after long and tedious de^ 
lays,f a grcint was obtained, under the seal of the 
compai^, which, after all this great trouble and 
expense, was never used.| 

Notwithstanding, their removal ^vas not givea ap^ 
^d they made jeady for tJK^ir voyage, with what ex- 
pedition they could. It was agreed that a part 
• should go before, to prepare tfie way ; and, accord- 
ngly, two ships were got ready, one named the 
.Speedwell, of sixty tons, the other the Mayflower;, 
of one hundred and eight tons. They first went front 
Leyden to England, and on the fifth of August, 1620, 
they left Southampton for America ;§ but, tliey were 
twice forced to return, by reisoa of the bad state of 
tbe leaser ship. 

U was now agtocrf to dismiss the Speedwell, anA 
they embarked on bob«i the Mayflower, and, on the 
0ixth of September, again sailed on their mtended 
voyagc.lt 

£. Princ€^ 180. Its whole extent was^frOTQ Florida to the 
Ly of Fiindy . 

• Belknap, Biog. 11, 170. American Annjg, I, iSg* 

t Occasioned by <lissen8ions nnong the Virgi.ia company*. 
One treasurer having rcKisned was displeased w^i^, his suc(- 
fcssor. See Bradford in Prince, 151, 153. 

t Because it was taken out in the name of a geniem^^ 
•#hom'* providence" separated from thenv ^ 

§ The5' intended to have settled somewhere ttear Hudsu^^ 
Hvcr. 
2 Tbe last "port they lelt was Plymgutli. 



/y^ /- <:■ JS", /^y %■ 



-■ T 



V 

t 



V- --^-^ 



/ 



^ 



F 




BlUf ' f : 1 


h 




L 


^tiHiJI^HI'^fl 



i. 



Such wer^ the transactiv**ns, xind f5uch tlie diiTi^iil- 
ties, attending this pers^ering company oi l^Ugrluwy 
(as they are truly called) in the gietit attempt, to s?it- 
tie a colony in America, f^s no particulars aro ]>re- 
served of their voyage, we may now leave thsm^until 
they appear on the coa^st.^ 

IIL— rLANDING OP THE PXLOniltfS AT PLYMOUTH. 

After sonne difficulties, in a voyage of two months 
and three dayis, they fell in with the land of Cape Cod^ 
en the ninth of November. Finding themieiyes far- 
ther north than they intended to settle, they .^tood to^ 
the. southward ; but soon finding themselves nearly 
encompassed .with dangerous slioa^s, .the Captain7 
took advantage of their fear?, and bore up again for 
the cape; and, on the tenth of Nov(imber, anchored ' 
in cape Cod harbour. J 

On observing their latitude, they found themsolvc* 
out of the limits of the south Virginia company.r 
Upon which it was hinted by som^e, that they sh oul I 
how be Under no laws, aiid every servant would have 
as much autliority as his master. But the wlsdoni 
that had conducted them hither, was^gufficient to pro- 
vide against this evil ; tlierefore, an instnunent wa^ 
drawn and signed, by which they unanimowsly form- 
ed themselves into a body politic. This instrument 
was executed November the eleventh, and signed by 
fortyone persons ; that being the number of men, 
qualified to act for themselves. Their whole number 

• It is related that in a stonn a beam of the ship wa» 
thrown out of its place, and that they bezan to despair, but 
some j^ehtleman having a laree iron screw^hy means of whick 
It was again foroed into its piace^ 

t Jones. 

X The Captain of the ship was hired by the Dutch to lan<i 
♦hem thus far north, because they claimed tl»e country at 
Hudson's river, and were unwlDiAg that the English shontitf. 
Ig^ any footing there. Sec Mortoiij 1% ' 



{ 



w- 



consisted of One hundred and orieA John Catt&V 
wafi chosen Govern mir for one year. 

* A« it must be ever gratifying to pOBterity to know the - 
first form of gorcrnm<»nt everJlrawn up in their country, and 
ihft nt^mp.s of those who first ventured upon the p"eat umlor- 
ta'i-njr, ^oth are here presented to their view, as I find them 
in Mr. Prince's N. Eng. Chronology. In my first edition I 
co'iicd from Morton, but oh account of somd errourn in thij. 
names of the f*ignprs as given in his New^ngland's Memorial 
1 ."opy from Mr. Prince. However, it is possible that some 
small errours may exist, even in his list ; for we know, that 
the chirojijraphy of 16^, was vastly different from that a 
liundred jears after ; insomuch, that what Mr. Morion rea«l 
for an r, might have beea taken afterwarcl for a ^ by Mr. 
Frince, &c., as will appear by comparin*^ those nam*^s, in 
.which a diffi^rence is seen. Mr. Morton writes No. CS, Johr% 
Craxton, No. 27, Joses Fletcher, No. 29, Digery Priest, No. ' 
84, Richard Bitteridge, and No. 40, Edward Dotcn. He 
also has No. S2, E:lmund Morgeson, but that I suppose to bs at 
misprint. Both of those authors copied from Gov. Bradforfi'i 
MS., as Hutchinson perhaps dhl, who differs from both. He 
writes Nos. 15 and 16, TiUey, No. 20, Ridgsdale, No., 25, 
Croxton, No. 87, Gardner. But thr^ most unaccountable diP. 
ferenccs exist between authors who have copied from >lr. 
Prince's printed book. I need not name any one, in particular, 
as all <hat I have met wilh, differ in some* respect, except the 
Editor.-- of the N. H, Hist. Collections, who seem to have 
"been particularly careful. 

" In the name of God, Ameti. We, whose names are binder 
written the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign liOrd King' 
James, by the grace of Go<l, of Great .Britain, France and 
Ireland, King, defender of the faith, Stc. 

Having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement 

of the christian faith, andbonour of our King and country,- 

a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts oi' 

Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the 

presence of God, and one of another, cpvenaut and coinbino 

ourselves together, into a civil body politick, for our better 

ordering and preservation, and farthcrance of the ends aforo-.* 

saiJ ; and by virtue hereof, to enact, rcnstituto, and fraf?\r> 

such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, (ronstitulions, an ! 

officer, from tiijie toti*ne, as shall be thou;^ht mo^^t in»?et arxi 

convenient for the j^eneral good of the colony. Unto wh;c{i. 

we promise all due submission and obedtencc. In wiinfrss'. 

whereof we have hereunder subscribed our uames Jil ca^ic*. 

V(m\j the nth of November, in the y-*:\r oflh? reign of onr 

^vere^n Lord, King James, of Engiaji J, France and In^.^t 






> 



APtES^DlX, 



^zor 



^ 'rtic (Jay fitifmcring to the Ekvcnfh of December^ 
IS colebrated as the day of the landing of the PiU 
gfWns ;* but on that day, a plare was discovered^ 
and fixed upon for their settlement. Parties before 
had landied and made sonie^Ucoveries. 

The same day fhat the fnemorabie instnjment wa^ 
signed, a pjvty left the ship, and lancfed to explores^ 
the country, aftd get wood, but returned without 
making any pnrticular discovery.. But a few days> 
after, (November fifteenth) sixteen men, umtei» Cap- 
tain Myles Standish, v/ere prrniltted to ^o in search' 

' — ■ I .1 ■ ■ ■ . . ■ — « — " — ..-■-«, . 

lanljtueXVHJ, and Of Srcotlahd tke LIV.- A»no^cmiiuy 



> 



No: 



81 as Frattcis ft'atoh;* 
^[M Janrrfs ChiUon,*§ 
5 35 Job D Crarkston,§ 



'26 .7ofin BilUngton,* 
S7 Moses Fletclier,§ 
2,-i3 Jofcn Goodman,;^ 
1*??^ T><»gorr lf^rrr.~f.§ 
2 30 TI»omi» Winiams,§ 
Sr Gilbert Wint^loW, 
ff^ Edmund Marget>on,§ 
93 Pi»t^r Brovn, 
34 HicWd Britt€»iigp,§ 
95 Geo'-js^* Sc«u<^, (o/ Mr, 

30 Richard Clark,^ 
37 Richard Ganlin'fi^^ 
3d John Allertdrr,$ 

2 59 Thnmao Engh^'h, 

S 40 E<!ward Dorey, 



4 

t 

i 

\ 

V 



1 Mr. Jofen CA^v^r,* 
S William l^raOford,* 
U Mr. Edward Winslow,* 

4 Mr. Wm. Bpew>tfcr,* 

5 Mr. Isaac AUerton,* 

6 Capt. Milos Standish/ 
* John A 'den', 

8 Mr. Samncl Fiillcr^t 

9 Mr. Christoi.lw!rMftptiii*§4 
10 Mr. Wm. Mtf\Iins,*& 6 
n Mr. Wm. Whito,*§ 5 
n Mr. Richard Wa.rrr'n,t 1 
i;}John Hnv/land, (m Car- 

vei-''s. family.) 
J 4 Mr. Stpphpw Hopkins,* 
15 fc^./uvard TiHy/§ 
l(>.TohiiTiny,*§ 
37 ['Van r is Cook,t 
is 'rhoir.a> Rog?ri-*,S 
J^Th:>mA?Tin!voV§ 3 

SO.Tol.i lli:!2rJale,*§ 2 

21 I-l.lward FullPr,*§ S 

22jt>hiiT»i»ner,§ ^ . 8 

The abovp names having itiu mark • at the end brought 
fh«nr wives with thrm, TlK)<e with this f did net, Thosfe" 
>vilh tbi8 ^ died beibre. the end of March. Th'* tij^ures att 
tho end ot the names denote the number in e:%cli family. 

♦ To reduce old style to new, eleven days iaire added ; there*» 
foio, ih? ^2 December is ceielraled a$ the kiiding of tW 

i^'oreiaihcr.'jv 



I 

f 

t 

1 



41 Edward Leivi^r, 

{both of Mr, Hopkim family,) 

101 



WiEl APPENDIX. 

bf a convctoieut place for seUiehient. They saw five 
Indian* whoirt they followed all day, but could nol 
overtake them. Tlie next day they discovered seve- 
t:\\ iniliiin graves ; one of which they opened, and 
iound sotne rucle implements of war; a mortar, antl 
nn earthen pot; all whk:h they took care to re- 
f^lace ; beiug unwilling to disturb the sepulchres of 
t^ie dead. They found tinder a small mound of earth^^ 
\ cellur curioi!?>!y lined with bark, in which was 
stored a quantity of Indian corn.* Of this they 
tT)ok as much us they could carry, and returned to 

tlie ship. 

Soq:i nfte^ twentyfnuJ- others made the like e:^ 
tiursichj aiid obUiined a considerable quantity ofeom^ 
\vhicJ, with that obtained before, was about ten 
lusl^ls.f Some boans were also found.J TWi 
distovcry gave IheiVi jtrifeat cr;ro«rr»gcmeht, and per-" 
fca'S prev(:«ited their i'urther removal; it also saved 
ilfni fiom jfatnine. 

After con. iderable discussion, concerning a place 

nr .sellk nie'U. in which some were forgoing to Aga»- 

»\'am,N^ and soiiie not so far, it was concluded to send 

t)ut a shallop, to make further discovery in the bay. 

Accordingly, Govcrnour Carver, with eighteen or 

twenty men. sot cut on the sixth of December, to eX^ 

' f)iore the deep bay of Cape Cod. The weather wna 

very cold, and the spray.of tlie sea lighting on thenn, 

ihey were soon covered witli ice, as it were, like 

cents of mail. At night having got to the bottom 

of the bay, they discovered ten or twelve Indians, 

about a league off, cutting up a grampus ; who, on 

— ■ ■ ; — — ' ■ ' if-- 

*^**0f divers colours which ieemfd to them a very goodly 
/Sight, haying seen riorte beCore." Mortou, 18. 

t Holraes Annals I, 201. 

• t This was aot kirdly right, perhaps, Irnt Morton, K. K;. 
Wemoral, 10, says, that in *^ About six months ^iter they 
gavi; them full sati*»laction to their content." 

§ Tpfiwich is supposed to have been mcant> as it was knoiv^ 
hy that name in a ibrmer voyage;* 



discovering tlic English, ran a.vay with what of tli.^ 
fish they hrri cut off. With some ditficiilty frojrt" 
shoalsj tiiey landed, and f^roctod a hi|t, and pass£'<i 
the first night. In th<; inoriiiug t!;cy dividtMl their > 
conipaijiy, aouie v.'cnt by land, and Qthers in the vcs-^ 
»cl, to make further dise.'>vory of tho bay, to whinh 
they gave the iKane of iirampus, because that fi'U 
v»aiJ ibuiid there. They rniit a^aiii at uight, muh 
soi^ic lodged on board tho shaHop, ^nd the rest as 
K*f*>re.* 

The nejft mo^mng, December the eighth, as th; y 
were about to emlrark, they were fliriously beset by 
Indians. Some of the company having carried the if 
guns down to the boat, the others discliar<5ed upor^ 
tJiem, as fast as tliey could : hut ihe IrnhansTHhout' .1, 
arid ruslied on, until thof^o ha(l regained their ariMs. 
and then they ivere j.»at to lilght. One, howcv r 
more courageous than the rest, took a position hj. 
h\i}d a tree, and vvitliMtooii several volioys of sh ;t 
di^^chtu•gVJ^g arrov.s himseif at ii e saine time. A 
le.ngth *t «bot ghiuciiig upon tiie side of the tree, 
hurli'd the bark so ab-mt iiis jioad that he thought it 
t:ine to escape. Eigliteen ar.r.ws were picked up 
by die Englifh, after liie battle, \yhi<'h they sent t<i 
their friends in England, as cur*'>sitie.'^. SoniQ were 
headed with brass, and otht i*;> with horu and bono. 
The place v/here this happened, was on this accou»a, 
called the i'TAyf JK/jc(>w7i/er.f . 

Ihe company, iiitiir leaving thii^^ place, narrowly 
escaped bei;^^ cast away ; but tlu'y got safe on >n\ 
uninli;>J»it«:;d island v J where they pa^seii the ni^iitf 

* Morton anHB'^Iknap. 

t Moilon, 2\2. It was b^frvfe called N a fnsk<»k<*t. Tb. 21. 
r>r. Bnlknap, Bioj?. 11, 20!2, Lays, "A ('T-r-k whH*h ii/»w 
hr ars the najue oi' SkakU, lies be1vroo?i K^^th-Hmand Har 
ivich J distant c-ihoul S Oi'4 iriile.-; wo.-itwan! from Nauxe^ ; (ha 
»cat or a tribe oi* Ifidiaub, wno (as tliey aAci wards i«arnca) 
made this attack.'? 

t ThistKey called ^^Clark's Island, becan,«5e Mr. .Clark, the 
maslei'S mate^ arsi step|)e/: ashore thcreoa/' Moiiou, i54» - 




1500 jtfFENDlX. 

Tlie next day, Deceipber tlie nintJi. .tliey dried iheif 
rlothos, and rej)aired their vessel, which liad lost her 
Ciast, ami met with other daiBa;;;^. TJie next da/ 
they rested, it being Sunday. The drty faHowin;;^, 
Ihcy fouiwi a place, which they judgod fit fur jjcttle"" 
inont ; ai»dj after going on siiorc,"* and discovering 
good wiiter, and whttre there liad hceu cornfjcKis, re- 
turned to the ship. This wu3 on tlic Eleventh trf 
DccembeTi H^-2<^y and is the day cclel>|:uted as Uie 

foRLf'ATilP.Vij' DvY. 

On the fifteenth, the ship came into the new liar- 
fcotir. . Tlie two lol!osvi«.«T days, the people wont op 
>horc, but rctijrnr«'l at Mi;;:it to the «!t*.p. 

On the twentythird, ti»ii!)cr was be^un to bo pre* 
fvtircd for building a C'?iii:non store lr);:se.f 'i'hi* 
l:">t day, till? cry of Imiiims wjjs hoard, but none* ap- 
] <;ured. On the twoiityfiflh, t!»o fiist houoo was he-r 
jiun. A fort was built on tixe hill, soon rfter, (>vhero 
'ij'v ourvin;r 'iround now hA v/hich cominaad^jd tbo 
l./wn and huibour: u^d, tlicv were diliirciiUy oai- 
|)ioyed, until a town wa:-* laid out; to wliioli they 
gave the name Plymouth, on account of the kind treat- 
ijiont they received Aom the people of Plym >!i:!i iu 

* A hwire. roci: nrar th** \v;itrr, •"ain to lio Ilif» t>'?ic<' "^^■ht•^e 
llic) ih'ht j>i<;j>j>e;i ashore, •s.-ho>^'i wi!hai1pji;i'>eoivrneration 
♦)y t;.*' ir.l'.jii-.Uantsof Plyinoutli. it i' a{»ran;te oi'ii v.etIi^h ca.>»(, 
i^m' I:».- lor.g sincp. l>t*cn rcarly li'velJotl with the s.jiriac.c of 
tliR vi 'rraix^. A lai'^:c fraprm**!;*: h-x'^ bpen pla'-ed near |lie 
Iicaii f>f the iT»^»n sircrt, wlicrf* Lt ivS roatif^ a rfirnlc^7;^xi5i l\>r 
^oys in plca^uat eveniog-. Tli/s, as wrll as the part from 
vviiich it was takon, suflers ocfirtsionaMy un'.'er lii? *'«.rcc* of a 
iliill axe, to add to l#ic eiit(?rtainiiieni. of the ttory oi\hc: trtev- 

In llip cnsfravinj; of" Th*^ I-ian*?ir?; '^f thr Pilfinnis at Pt»-- 
moiuh," aiH'ouipaayiug this ediCion, ihe celcbiated kockIs 
intr-nded to be rcpreM: nled. 

t Their provijvionfj antl floods wpr(> held'in pomm'^n ]iy the 
tbmpaay, at iirst, hut it was soorf found br the wis^o lf»a".lcps, 
that this methodi was not practicable, anif it wa.* s<ion drojw" 
r.*!d; Perhaps the chi-f mover of this wise measure wai« Gov. 
liradforii, as it was a.lo^tted isi bi& adiuinihtration. Soe.B«i- 
|lii»V, Biog. U, ^i^ 3. 



Xngland, and fhat being the place in thdr native 
lE^oxmtry ftom which thejr lastsaiied.^ 

In January, 1621, their store bouse took fire, anJI 
jiras nearly consumed. Most of the people now were 
jMck, and -Governour Carver and Mr. Bradford were 
4:^onfined in the storehouse, when it took fire. Ill 
l^f arch, an Indian came boldly into the town, and 
«aluted them with the^e words, "Welcome English- 
jDcn ! Welcome Engliishmep !'' This was uttered in 
^broken English, but ' was clearly understood^ His 
»an[io was Samoset, and he came from the eastward, 
where be had been acquainted with some fishdrmeiiy 
and had learned some of their language. They 
treated him with kindness, and he injformejd them,^ 
that the great Sachem, MassassQit,f was coming to 
visit then^; and, told them of one Squahto, that wa# 
W4)il acquainted with the English language. He lefit 
them, and soon after returned, in company with Mas* 
sassoit, and S^uanto.| This Indian continued with 
the English as long as he lived,. and was of infinite 
fiervice to them. He showed them how to cultivate 
corn, and other American productions. 

About this time, (beginning of April) Governouir 
Carver died. Soon after, Mr. WiJJiam Bradford wa$ 
chosen. The mortality that began soon afVer their 
arrival, had before the end of March, carried off for- 
ty four of thejir number. 

Such was the beginning of NEWENOLANPi which 
is now, idone, a formidable nation. At the death of 
the first Governour, it contained iyty9everk Europe- 

* It is remarkable that Captain Smith had called this place 
Plymouth in his map of Newengland. Dr, Belknap sarSi 
that it was parjll]^ on this account that it was now so called. 

t For the particulars of Massassoifs visit to the Pilgrims^ 
see page 133, and note I. 

t He was one of those carried off by Hunt, (see page 98S]^ 
and eot from Malaga to Engla,nd | and was entertained by % , 
gentleman in I^ondon, who emploved him to Newfoundla^^ • • 
und other parts. He was at 1;b^ brought iiito these parts by 
Mr. Thomas Dtenner. Morton, ftJ^lS*^ 

26 ' 






« 

an inhabitants, and at thq end of two bandrecl ye4^ 
"it contained U];>wards of one niiliion six hundred 
^ousand. 

As it was ray .design, only to accompany thfe Pit 
grims until they were seated in the wilderness, I 
shall now disn^iss the engaging subject, with a short 
reflection. 

Perhaps the annals of the world do not furnish a 
parallel to the first peopling of Newengland ; as it 
jespects purity of intention, judgment and fortitude 
in its execution, and in sustaining for a series of years, 
a government, that secured the happiness of all. An 
«bject of admiration, justly increasing on every suc- 
ceeding generation, in proportion to the remoteness 
of time. / Founded on the genuineness of tl^Qse au- 
thorities, who, ^ with out the least shade of fable, have 
transmitted to us their true history : rendered pecu- 
liarly interesting, from its minuteness of detail, even 
heyond what could have been expected. Insomuch, 
that no one can read, with-^ut the deepest interest in 
their situations ; and seeming, as it weroj to live over 
those days with them, and to gain a perfect ac-^ 
quaintaucc with a Carver, a Bradford, a,\Vinslov|, 
and, in4§ed, the whole train of worthies. 

IV. — -ni STORY or the TEq,VOT WAR. 

While the number of English inhabitants was 
smiall, their troubles with the Indians wer^ easily set- 
tled. But as is natural to mankind, as they increas- 
ed in numbers and wealth, they were too proud to 
90urt the favour of the natives. And notwithstandf 
ing, great tribute is due to the memory of our venera- 
ble forefathers, for their almost unexampled resola- 
vtion, perseverance, and above all, fortitude and wis- 
dom, yet they were men, and accountable only ad ' 
4nen. 

" There was a nation of Indians in the southern 
F^frtl •f ]^evir«ngIsA|d, onJled Fefaods seated qn m 






APPENDIX, ft6S^ 

f^ navigable river,* twelve miles to the eastward, 
of the motith of the great and famous river of 
Connecticut j who (as was conunonly reported 
about the tima when Newengland was iirdt planted 
by the English) being a nlore fierce, cruel, and war- 
like people than the rest of the Indians, came down 
out of the more inland parts of the contiheht, and by 
force, seized upon one of tlie gooklliest places, near 
tlie sea, and became a terror to kll their neighbours, 
on whom they had exercised several acts of inhuman 
cruelty ; insomuch^ that being flushed with victorieei 
over their fellow Indians, Uiey began to thirst after 
the blood of foreigners, English and Dutch,f that ac* 
<;identally came amongst them, in a Way of trade qt 
bpon other accounts. 

" In the year 1634, they treachei-ousiy and cruel.- 
ly nuardered Captain StoneJ and Captaiin Norton,^ 
who came occasionally With a bark into the river to 
trade with them. ^ Not loii^ after within the compass 
of the next year,]) they inlike treacherous manner, 
alew one Mr. 01dham,ir (formerly belonging to New 
Plymoiith, but at that ■ time an inhabitant of Masses 
t^husetts) at Block island,*^ a pilaice not &r from the 
ihouth of their harbourias he was flurly. trading with 

lhem."tt 

'^ Mystic river. > ■ ■ " 

. ^ Some cf the Dutch fhsf befcme^d ta Maz/hs(ttans, noi» 
liT^wyorky had a trading hous^ on C^naeeticut river, and in 
tome diflkulties with the Indians some were killed. 

X Captain Stone was from St. CinristppherB, and came .to 
trade iii Connecticut river at the Dutch nouse./ Hist. Coii* 
1,70. 

§ Norton was of Massachusetts and killed the sam^ time. 
* lb. H It was in 1GS6. 



IT Some difficulty was OccaMoned with Mr. Oldham, on 
'•count of religious matters, and he was bani8bed*out-of Mais^ 
Mchusetts, but was aftcfrward permitted to return. Foi a 
valuable memoir of him, see Air. Savage's edition of Wlit« 
throp'8 Hist. I, 80. 
•• About 30 miles S. S. W. of Newport, q^ l?; r ' 
^tt 9abbard's.iK^m*iTo.' * • ' >jr' 



SFt APT 

How much cause Ui 
ges we cannot tell ; t' 
prised somo of their 
bim u|> tiic river, and 
two others, was kill 
account is as foltoi 
Stone hired eomc Iv 
', the river, who. at 
and were murdered 
of thoso IudiuD», ^' 
Stonu, went on bo 
A9 iio lay asleep i 
over him. The i 
•od, one after unw 
tended himself i 
AtiT thuUie bad i 
ihg c.i' his gun, 
wuid ifsvsl no 
Mr. JohnO 
by aiiiMi of th< 
tcreil by the 
CotinGcticat, 



Mr. Oldliat 
answer, bu 
■fcr ttiem, '. 
them, and 
nnall, wo- 
«nd took 
^ern, a>\ 



bst 




tgansct bay. Here Uicy ciigaged 
Norrag ail gets, as auxiliaries, anil 
Nihaiitic,* nhure they nrnved, 



orning they were joined by annther body 

"■^anetlfl, which made thoir Indian forco 

4sT live hundred men. After marching 

■a, to Pawcatuo.k river, Captain Musoa 

-afresh his men. Tim woatlier was ex- 

' -^ and tlie men sulfercd very much. His 

il men now learning that they we/e going 

tile Pf'iuiil'? chitf Ibrt, were greatly am.'w- 

-■j» most of tUem relurnad home. One Wc- 

'dM^rtur ffuUl ^e PB<)uala, nrtw pitQled the 

•*. fart ai Myitio. At ni^t they encamped 

ugK rick'if tnA im«< li;uun. before day, inado 

Btlnr.k lliu (mX, Th^jMultfl two mite* t[> 

;h iD4itt (U [II ""(il TWHTOhnrilnT'ii ot'day* 

limo ouut bu 

t» 




806 APPENDIX. 

body of the enemy, who fought them most of tfie^ 
afternoon. They, however, put tlie Indians to flight, 
and embarked on board their vessel. Chie man only 
was wounded, but they concluded that a niunber of 
the enemy were killed. 

As nothing now was expected but war, the Eng- 
lish took measures to secure the friendship of the 
Narragansets, which they effected. They hlid mucl^ 
to fear, in case they should join with the Pequot?^ 
being very numerous, their warriours being esttmaf-- 
ed at five thousand. 

Endicott's ill success rather emboldened them tbaik 

X)therwise, and in the next April, 1637, six men W^ere 

killed near Weathcrsfield, and several women were^ 

captivated. In all thirty had been killed since the 

first disturbances took place. 

A'^igorous measures were now resolved upon by the 
people of Connecticut, who raised ninetjF men; and 
shortly after, the otFier colonies united in tiie com^ 
mon cause.* The Connecticut troops, under Cap- 
tain John Mason, on the tenth of May, accompamed' 
by, about seventy Mohegan Indians, under Uneas" 
their Sachem, embarked down the river for Saybrook 

fiirt ; where, after making proper arrangements, they 

— ' • ■ - I ■■ . ■ I — ^ , ■ 1 . ■...■■. ■ ■ 

. * The Massachusetts forces were on their march to jwn. 
those of Connecticut, " when they were retarded by the most 
singular cause that ever influenced the operations of a mili- 
lary force. When they were mustered previous to tbeir dev 
Mrture, it was found that some of the officers, ai w^H as 
We private soldiers, were still under a covenant of worici- 
•adtliat the blessing of God could not be impbred or expect' 
cd to crown the arms of such unhallowed men with success. 
^The alarm was general and many arrangements* necessary' 
' JD order to cast but the unclean, and to render this little bftnd* 
efficiently pure to fight the battles of a people wh<> enter*** 
ttlned high ideas of their awn Eanetity.*' Robertson's HisU 
'America, II, Book X. Th)is while the Boston men were at 
Jvar with tUe spirits of darkness, as they imagined, the Cbiw 
HMfticut men under Mason wei*^ left alone to fight the more 
Jbngerous Feqnots, as will presently be seen. 



APPENDIX. ■■—^-'- sof 

tDoafched to Narragatisdt bny. Here they engaged 
a large body of the Narragaiisets, as auxiliaries, and 
thea proceeded to Nihantic,* where they arrived^ 
May twentyfourth. 

The next morning they were joined by another body 
of the NarragansetSy vHiich made their Indian force 
amount to near five hundred men. After marching 
twelve miles, to Pawcatuck river, Captain Mason, 
halted to refresh his men. Tlid weather was ex^ 
tremely hot, and the men suffered very much. Hi» 
Narragandet men now learning that they were going 
to attack the Pe<iuot's chief fort, were greatly amaZ' 
ed, and the most of them returned home. One We* 
quash, a deserter from the Pequots, now piloted the 
army to a fort at Mystic. At night they encamped 
by two large rock6,f and two hours before day, made 
ready to attack the fort. They yet had two miles to 
inarch, which took them until near the dawn of day» 
The fort was on the top of a hill, and no time must be 
lost in making the attack. Their inend Indians now 
chiefly deserted them, and they divided themselves- 
into two divisions, for the benefit of attacking tbem 
in two particular points. The party under Mason 
pressed on to the east side, while that under Cap^ 
tain Underbill gained the west. As Mason ap^ 
preached the palisades, a dog gave the alarm^ ami 
an Indian cried out " Owanux ! Owama .'" that is^ 
*' Englishmen ! Englishmen !'* Being now diffcover* 
ed, they instantly discharged through the palis%de8r 
and then rushed into the ifort sword in hand. Hera 
Ihe battle was severe, and for some time doabtfiil*^ 
As the moment grew more critical, Masons thought 
of the last expedient, and cried out, ^ We must bum 
them ! We must bum them !" and taking a brand of 
fire, communicated it to the mats» widi which the 
wigwams were covered, they were all ik) a bkue in a 

• In Lyme. 

t ^'Between two lain^ rocks in Gretoti, stnec AaBcd Porfi|^ 
|ocl»." yriimbuU,l,8f. 



166 jClppjBNDix: 

fhomont. The English then formed a circ.e abdrfl 
the fort, and all that ventured out to escape thd 
flames, were immediately shot down. Dreadful now 
was tlie work of death. Some perishing in tho 
flames, others climbing over the' palisades, were no 
Sooner up than shot down. Uncas, in the meart 
time, had come up and formed a circle in the rear^ 
and in a little more than an hour, the work was com- 
plete. Six or seven hundred Indians were slain, 
and but two of the English, and sixteen wounded: 

The army now began the retreat, and a body of 
the enemy were soon seen in pursuit ; but a few shot 
kept theiii at a distance. This " lx>dy of the enemy 
had not been in the battle, and on arriving at the 
fort, arid beholding the dismal spectacle, beat tho 
ground with rage, and tore their hair in despair. 

The English arrived at their homes in about three 
weeks from the time they set out, and the people 
were greatly rejoiced at their success. 

Sassacus, the chief of the Pequots, and most of 
his people, now fled and left their country. Bnt 
tifter some time, it was discovered, tiiat a great bo<ly 
of them were in $^ swamp to the "Westward. Trooper^ 
therefore, were sent from Massachusetts, who joined 
others from Connecticut, and they immediately 
inarched under the command of the valiant Mason, 
in pursuit of them. On the thirteenth of July they 
arrived at the fatal swamp. Some of the EnglisFi 
rushed in, but were badly-wounded, and rescued with 
.difliculty. At length they surrounded the swamp, 
and the fight continued through the most of thd 
night* By the help of,^ thick fog, many of tbe war- 
fiours escaped. About twenty were killed, and one 
hundred and eighty captivated, who were dividei! 
among the Narragansels 'fiund 9f<$hcgans. Sa.^sacus, 
with a few of hi« chief men, fled to the Mohawks, 
who, at the request of the Narragansets, cut off liis 



yrti-m 



faead; and thus terminated the Pcquot war.* No- 
thing of great moment occurred until the timedf. 
Philip. 

V. ^ItruMAfNS. 01* PHILIV'S WAlt. 

It is intended here, to narrate the most iraportant 
circumstances in the progress of that war at the* 
Eastward, in Maine and Newhampshire. 

It was generally thought, that Pliilip had excited 
all of the Indians throu<:;hoiU Newengland, to riser 
with him in the war. Vv'liile thia has been doubted 
by some, others think it prohal^le, tltat his endeavours' 
were used even among the distant tribes of Virginia. f" 
Kowever this might have been, it is certain, that with-' 
hi twenty days from the time the war began in SwaiP' 
zey, it began to blaze at the distance of two hundred. 
milr^, even at the northeasterly extremity of New-^ 

er^^'^'"^' ^^^^ ^^ ^'^"^ ""-t ^^^ eastward is said to have 
gr ..vji out of the foolish conduct of some of the irf-- 
h<it>aants. An insult was offered to the wife ot' 
Squando, a chief Sachem 6n the river Saco. Sons^*' 
irregular saitors, having heard that young Indiatii^ 
•puld swim naturally, like those of the brute creation^ 
met the wife of Squando with an inf^mt child Ki Br 
caiioe, ami to ascertain the fact, ovetset itV T&f 
child sunk to the bottom, but t'le inothef diving dowilj|; 
imibcdiately brought it tip without apparent mjury. 
However, it fell out, thait the child died shortly after, 
and its deaths as imputed to the Creaiment it had re- 
ceived from t!ie soitor^. This so enraged the chief, 
tlxat he only waited a fit time to commence hostili^ 
ties. Other cayses of the war were not wairting an 
along the eustern frontier. A letter was received at 

. I I I - 1 « III I ■■ I ■ I ' ■ m i I "l 4i 

* It was the reHection upon the fat« of this once fktnous ii»> 
tion, that ^ar^. rise to those heautiful and sympathetick Uo9 
in Dwight'3 Greenfield hill. Part the foorth^ wiuch see i|^ 
note 8 to page 1 46 of Philip's war. 

t S<59 Wtthbard, Nar, 262. 



'^\^ APPi^NDIX. 

Kennobeck, from York, the eleventh July, IG75, giV-.^ 
ing account of tlic war at the westward, and that . 
Iiieans were using to disarm the natives along tho- 
shorc. Had the Indians entertained no ideas ot* war 
before, they certainly would be justified in making 
war upon any that v/cre about to deprive them of the 
means of self defence. How mvicli have the Spar- 
tans, under Leonidas been celebrated for tiroir answer • 
to Xerxes, when he endeavoured to persuade then* 
to give up their arms. But the English were not so 
generous as the Persian monarch, for ho promised 
the Spartans a far l^etter country thaii theirs, if they 
would comply. To which they replied, tJiat no' 
country was worth having unless wdii by valour ; and, 
as to theii" arms, they should want them in any coTin«» 
try. Perhaps the despised Indians deserve ats muchi 
Honour, in soihe instances, as the defenders of Thet* 
mopylaD. 

In an attempt to force the Indians to deliver up 
iheir arms at Ken^iebeck, one belonging to the Eng- 
lish canie near being killed. This caused consider-' 
lible tumult, but at lengtli vfeis fettled, by promiscar 
and hostages on the part of the Indians. But through 
the 8upin€fnfes« of their keepers, the hostages fouad 
ineans to escape ; and, meeting with somfe of their 
fellows, proceeded to Pejepscot, whore fhey plundef^ 
fed the house of one Purchase^ an early planter, and 
known as a trader ainKong theni. The m6n were not 
M honse, but no ihcirilify wois oiftned to the women* 
*rhis was in Septembet, iOT9t 

About twenty five of tfie English marched out i^o 
"iake rfevefhge for t^hat had been done. They went 
iip Casco bay. and landeftf hear the mouth of the An- 
/drcfScoggifi) wliete f •ley' had ferms. On comtiig. near 
the houscfs, " they heatd H knocking," and presently 
ftaw some Indians; who it appears, were doing no 
harm; but without waiting to krtow, the' English 
rushed on them, and some were killed. The Indiauj^ 
tallied, and wounded many of them before they co*'^ 



APPENDIX, 3M 

gain their vc^esls. Some it appears, even m tho^*? 
days, stood a little for the riglits of the nativt^s, and 
ventured to question the virtue of this action. '• But," 
says Mr. Hubbard, "if this happened after the muf- 
der of old Mr. Wakely and family, the Eug^'^ii cap - 
be blamed for nothing but their ne.-^ligencc.'' * But 
whether it was pr not, does not appe<jr.f The do- 
stnv-tioii of this family was horrid. Six persons, 
nnmjly, the old gentleman, his son, and dauglitor i^ 
law, who was far advanced in pregnancy, and throe 
grandchildren w<3re killed, and mangled in a .sh'jclt- 
ins: manner. Some of them, when found the next 
day, were partly consumed ni the fianies of tlieir, 
dwelling, to wjiich the Iz^dians set ^fire when they 
drew, off. 

At Saco they met with a severe repulse, in an en- 
deavour to take Major Phillips' garrison. { Captiiin 
Benython had got information by a friendly Indiii;?, 
that something wf^s intended agamst the phice, so hft 
retired into the garrison with FljiHips- His Jjouse 
had not been de^^erted above an hour, when he saw 
it in 4an>es. The savages soon crossed tire river, and ^ 
were seen skulking by the fences to get a sliot ut 
some about tlie garrison. Major Phillips went into 
a chamber to look out foifthe enemy, and was wound- 
ed. The Indians thought they had killed hin^, mid 
openly began the attack; but their Captain beiui^ 
immediately shot down, they <lrew a little furtiier o:fc 
They now employed a sti*atage.n iq lire the garrison. 
They took the large wheels, (jiised for lumbering, at 
a mill near by, which they burned) and erected a 
battery upoi) the axletree, then they ran it buck by 
taking hohl of the tongue or spoiir, very near the 
garrison; when one wheel stuck in the inud» and the 

• Narrative, 2C9. ^ ^ 

t Sullivan, Hist. Maine, 199, say>: it was in July 1675, and. 
that the Dame of tlie family was AVakelielJ. 



3» AFPENDK. 

_ • . 

AthfT rollihgoo, gave their helm an oblique AirecWip^ 
fBAf i ihey were all exposed to the fire of the English.. 
They belug in readiness, fired from every part of tbe 
fortii'ication at once r killing and wounding about thirty. 
^Thc rest gladly gave up the sicgo and flod. They next 
^ikilitul JLCven per«ons at Blue [>oint, (Scarborough,) 
anvt burned twenty houses.* About the same time, 
five }Krsons were killud by the same li|dians, while 
going up Saco river. In the Mime inoptii, they burned ' 
two houses at Oyster river, belonging to two families 
by the name of Chesly, killed two men passing in the 
rKer, and carried two captive. One Robinson ami 
son were shot in the w^ay between Exeter and Ilcimp- 
ton, about thi« time. Within a few days, also, the 
house of oneTozcr, atNpwichwannock, was.assauh* 
ed, wherein were fifteen womep and children, all of 
whom except two, were saved by the intrepidity of a 
girl of eighteen. She first seeing the Indians, shui 
die door and stood againet it, till thp otiicrs escaped 
to the next lionse, which was better secured. The 
Indians cliopped the ^oor to pieces, then entering, 
knocked her down, and leaving her for dead, went in 
pursuit of the others ; of whom, two childrep, who, 
could not get over the fence, fell into their hands. 
The valiant heroine recovered of her wounds. The 
t\vo next days, tliey showed themselves on both sides 
of the river, burned two houses and tliree barhi»y 
containing a great quantity of grain. And, at QyK<- 
ler river, they burned five houses, and killed two men. 
The people were qow determined to retaliate. About 
twenty young men, chiefly of Dover, obtained leave 
of Major Waldron, then commander of the militia, 
to hunt the enemy. Having divided tlien^selve's into 
small parties, onp of these came upon five Indian^ 
in the woods, "near a deserted house. Two of them 
were preparing a fire to roast corn, while the other 
iree were gaUiering it. They w ere at a loss at first 

"van, ^'*^ 




fcpw td make -th^ir onset, as the Indiana were the , 
/Kiost numerous. But at length, concluded to creep 
up and knock the two on the head at the fire, \\4thout 
noise .to alarm the others. The firsJt patt of theii' 
-j>lan exactly .succeeded, thb two Indians being laid 
dead with the butsot'lUcir gwusj but tlie others heard 
tiie blows and ded. 

People in general, now retired to garrison ;house5f, 
and the country Avusfdled with consternation. Octo- 
ber the seventh, Thursday, a man was shot off his 
horso, as he was riding between two garrisons at ( 
Ncwichwannock. Not far from the same place two \ 
others were. shot dead the same day. About tho J' 
same time, an old.gewtlemaB,.bythe name of tReard, ^ 
was killed, and ids head cutoff and set upon a pole. 
This Was at Oyster river. On Saturday, the six- 
'teenth, aboitt a hundred-Indians appeared at Newicli • 
wannock, (Berwick now) .a short distance from tlii.5 - 
, upper garrison, wh^re they killed one Teaser, and<:ap - 
tured his son. Tiic guns alarmed Lieutenant IMaia- 
ted at the. De«t garrison, w1k>, with seven men, went 
out on. a discovery, but f^'U into an ambush ; two Oir 
three wore killed, and the others escaped to the gap- 
*isan, where they were closely besieged. Jn this 
perilous situation, Lieutenant. Plaisted wroie aleitar 
to Major Waldrpn for help, but he' wtis not able tr> 
afford any. The next day Plaisted ventured out with 
(twenty men to bury the dead, .but was agai« ambush- 
ed, atid his men deserted hii^. He disdaining to fly, 
was killed upon the spot, with his eldest ^on, and'<yic 
inorc. His other son died of his wounds. It appcau-s 
that the Indians nowilirew off, for Captain Frort woiit 
up from Sturgeon creek, the next day, and buried tljc 
dead. The enemy next appeared at Stur2:ef>n cree2c, 
about the latter end of the month, and attacked Cqi- 
tain Frost's bouse, which was preser\'ed only by a 
stratagem. Fro^ had only three boys with him, bet 
by f;iv%Bg orders la fin imperious tone, for some to 
ittlar<:li bete] and others to fire thete, tliat the Indiwft 



I < 



'4l4 APPENDIX, 

bought he had a great many men, so went oflT aii4 
left him. The next day they appeared against Ports- 
mouth, on the Kittery side, where they killed one 
man and burned his house. Soipe shot from a can- 
non being thrown among them from a battery on 
Portsmouth side, they thought best, to disappear. A 
party of English pursued them, and recovered nipst 
•of their plunder, but killed none. Soon after f^ 
house and two or tlirec barns were burned atQuoche- 
CO, and throe or four persons killed about Exeter and 
Lampreyeel riv^r. 

At Casco bay. Lieutenant. Ingersol's son, with 
another man, were killed, while out hunting. Many 
houses were also burned. At Black point. Lieuten- 
ant Augur with his brother were killed. Captain 
Wincol of Newichwannoqk, mq,rched * this way foi 
the relief of his friends, with about fourteen men. 
He soon hfid a skirmish with the enemy, and lost two 
or three of his men. Soon after, as they were march? 
ing along on the sea side, they were beset by a great 
body of Indians; but, chancing to get behind some 
timber, from whence they dealt wit^ tiiem with such 
effect, that they soon took to the woods, and tha 
English escaped in a canoe. But nine men frorn 
Saco, having heard the firing, came out to assist their 
fellows, and fell into an ambush, and were all killed. 
Two persons were killed at Wells iq the beginning 
of winter- At the same place, one Cross audi one 
Isaac Cousins were also killed about a week after. 
i( Depredations were . suspended on account of the 
feverity of winter. Kut before the suspension, uyv 
wards of fifty people had been killed and t^ken. In 
the me6.n time, a peace was concluded through the 
mediation of Major Waldron, which, says Mr. Hub- 
bard, "might have remained firm enough to this day, 
had there not been too just an occasion given for the 
iM-ealdiig of the same, by the wicked practice of some 
Jewd person n^lnch opened the door, and made way 
for the bringing in all those aad calamities and wt^ 



i'jil^fs, that, have since fallen upon those parts of ther. 
tountry." 

But this may be considered as the end of Philip'iEt 
war in the east, although from other causes a war 
continued till 1678. 

Many of Philip's Indians mixed with those at the 
eastward after the fall of that chief, in hopes of 
escaping detection. For they had seen even those 
who delivered themselves tip, executed, therefore, 
they were apprised of their fate. Some that had 
hilled Thomas Kimbal of Bradford, and carried off 
his family, soon after restored them with the hopes of 
|>ardon, but it being doubted whether this was a 
«ufficient atonement for the whole, they (three of 
them) were thrown into Dover jail. The prisoners 
tonsidering this only as a |>relude to their future 
punishment, broke jiail, and fled to join th^ Kenne- 
beck and Androscoggin Indians. Through their in- 
Huenoe another quarrel was begun. 

The next remarkable occurrehce was the capture 
of the four hundred Indians at Quocheco.* For 
bther particulars the reader is referred to Mather^ 
i^agnalia, and Belknap's Newhampshire* 

VI. ^THE BOLD EXPLOIT OF HANKAd BltSTAN. 

^His took place in the latter part of CaatvM^s War^ 
jpr as others term it " King WUHdm'a fPiir ;" but as 
4t is evident that Castine was the chief mover of it> 
itoiax very properly be called CasHne^a War. 

On the fifth of March, 1698, the Indians made a 
^descent on Haverhill in Massachusetts, in whicji they 
to9k and killed thirtynine persons, and burned about 
a half a dozen houses. In the onset, the house of a 
Mr. Dustan was fallen upon, and his wife, who had 
lain in but a week before, and her nu^se, Mary NefT, 
were taken. Mr. Dustan was abi^enl when the In- 

' ' ' ' ' ' .... ■ i<i. . -m • I . !■■ •* 

* An accoatat of the affair i£ giv^ with th« histojry of iM^ft** 
Jdr AV^ldron in the. iHird note ta m^ i«^. 



*; 



\ 



316 APP£NOi:fe. 

dians first appeared about the toT^ii, and on hearing' 
ihe ularin, ran to the assistance of his family. Mcut- 
iDg seven of his chihlrc« near his hcusc*, ortlcrcd 
them to riii5, and make their escape tosoiae Qiitrlsoii 
in the town, while lie cutcrcci the house with intent 
\o help his wife cscap3. S.Vj left hor bed at the 
•yvarHinii;, but the npur approach of thr ladiajis, would 
sifhiiit only of u iiyiug retreat; this >.fr. Du!jt;in sa.v 
\vas inipos-sibie. fpjin the weak r-itate of his wifc. A 
inoyient of horrour and despair brooded over him ; in 
which he had to clioose wiietiitr he would stay au'l 
■^uffcr with her, or make ids escape, lie rcBolvcd on 
liu' kUtcT, knowing that he could be no assistance to 
htr, amidst an army of savages j and, tlmt he inTsrht 
lie to hi^ children, in facilitating tlu3ir escape. The 
Indians were* now upon them, but he having' a horse, 
lied before them, and overtook iiis children, about 
forty rxls from the house ; some one of vvhiclj, he in-' 
tended to have tak«a on the horse witli him, and so i 
escape. But now he w-as at a loss, ibr wliicli one f> 
t^Utc, he knew not; therefore, he resolved to face 
f J bout, and defend them to tlie last. Some of the 
enyiT)y drew near and fired upon them, and Mr. Das« 
tan b<$ing armed, also frrcd upon, the Indians, at 
ivhich they gave ov^r the pursuit, and returned to 
fiharo tlie spoils of the house. Mr. Duiitan and liisP 
seven children (from two to seventeen vcobs of ago) 
got saib to a garrison, one or two miles olf, whore 
we Tnust leave him to bewail the many supposed 
deaths of his wife aiid infant child. » 

The Indians, being about twenty in number, in t!^,c 
aincan time, seized the nurse, who was making her 
escape with the young child, stiid taking Mrs. D115- 
tan, widi what plunder could be found from tbe lipu.'<o, 
Bct it on fire, and took up their iparch for .Canada. 
The infant was immediately taken fVom the-nurse, 
aiKi a monster taking it by the feet, dashed out its 
brains against a tree. Their whole number of ca|>p 
fibres was now about twcIvQ, which gradually dirxuQ^' . 



APPiENDlX. 317 

Qied on tlifr march. Some, growing weary and 
faint, were killed, scalped, and otlierwise mangled, 
and left in the wilderness. Notwithstanding the 
weakness of Mrs. Dustan, she travelled twelve miles 
the first da/, and thus bore up under a journey of 
near one Aundred and fifty miles, in a few days. 
On theirmarchthe Indians divided, according to their 
usual custom, and each family shifted for itself with 
thei^ share of prisoners, for the convenience of hunt- 
ir^. Mrs. Dustan, her nurse and an English youth, 
taken from Worcester eighteen months before, fell 
to the lot of an Indian family, consisting of twelve 
persons; two stout men, three women, and seven 
children. The captives were informed, that when 
they arrived at a certain Indian town, thoy w^ere to 
run the gauntlet, through a great number of Indians. 
But on the thirtieth of April, having arrived at the 
mouth of Contoocook river, they encamped upon a 
small island, and pitched their tents. As all lay 
iasleep but Mrs. Dustan, .;ae conceived the bold de* 
sign of putting the Indians to death, and ei-^caping. 
Accordingly, she silently engaged Miss NetT, and 
the English youth, to act a part in the dreadful tra* 
gedy; mfusing her heroism iuto them, each took a 
tomahawk, and tivith such deadly effect were tlie 
blows dealt, that all were slain save two ; one a wo* 
man, who fled desperately wounded, the other a boy^ 
whom they intended to have kept. They then took 
off their ten scalps, and returned home in safety. 
The government voted thr^ni f;fly pounds reward^ 
And Colonel Nicholson, the Governour of Marylai)d> 
made them a valuable present. The island on whicS • 
this memorable affair happened, justly bears tho 
name of Dustan's islnnd.* , * 

. * For the principal facts in this juarrativc I aiU indebted ta 



,816 AffttENDIX, 



I 



VII.— SCHENECTJLDA DZ^TStofLD, 

•*'In the dead of winter, tWee expeditions were ? 
'planned, and parties of French and Indians despatch* j 
ed from Canada, on difterent routes, to ti^e frontiers \ 
of the English colonies. One of these ptrties, on ^ 

February the eighth, 1690, fell on SchenectnJa,* a- 
village on the Mohawk river. Such was the fatt| se«' | 
curity of the people, that they had not so much as 
shut their gates. The enemy made the attack in tb%. 
dead time of the night, when the inhabitants wer^ 
in a profound sleep. Core was taken by a divlsioa 
of the enemy into small parties, to attack every house 
at the same instant. Before the people were risez^ 
from their beds, the eneuiy were in possession of 
their dwellings, and commenced the most inhuman 
barbarities. In an instant the whole village was 
wrapped in a general flame. Women were ripped 
up, and their infants dashcl against the posts of their 

.. doors, or cast into the flames. Sixty persons perish*- 
ed in the massacre, and about thirty were captivat- 
ed. The rest fled naked in a terrible storm and dee]^ 
snow.* In the flight, twentyflvo of these unhappy 
i4 fugitives lost their limbs, Uirough the severity of the, 

^' season. 

j The enemy consisted of about two hundred French^, 
and a number of Caghnuagaf Indians, under the^ 

i. coDHnand of D' Aillebout, De Mantel, and Le Moyne. 

• Their first design was against Albany, but having; 

.)»een two. and twenty days on their march, they were 

veduced to such straits, that they had thoughts of 

surrendering themselves prisoners of war. The In- 

»■■■■■ ! ■' ■ I ■ ■ ■ I . - I ' J ■ 

* About 14 miles above Albany, on the west side of the 
JUohjaiwk. The countvy arouA4 is a sand;^ barren, on whichj 
lUBCOOnt it was called Schenectada^ 

t This Caghnua^a is in Canada. There is another on the 
•MQtiaiBfk river, 6 miies }^\ow Johastoo, bat t^e inhfljiv* 
Ivits liftre sjpeU il C«ighaew«ga. 



Uia!hs, therefore, advised them to Schenectada : and 
it seems that the accounts, wliieh their scouts gave 
them of its fatal security, vjras the only circunistanco 
which determined them to make an attempt, evenn 
upon this. The enemy pillaged the town, and went 
off with tlie plunder, and about forty of the best 
horses. The. rest, with all the cattle they could find^ 
were left slaughtered in the streets. The success of 
the enemy seems to have been principally owing ta- 
the dispute between Leisler* and the people of Alba- 
ny, in consequence of which this post was neglect- 
ed. 

The Mohawks joining a party of young men froim 
Albany, pursued t}ie enemy, and falling on their reacgi 
killed and captivated nearly thirty."f 

VIII.— SCHUTLEb's expedition, ANn OTHER KVENTSr*.' 

■ 

The success of the French and Indians against tiuf 
:T-ontier settlements of Newengland^ had been greaV 
and the inactivity of the people to repel them, had just- 
ly been an object of blame with the SJixnations ; for 
their Qountry must at all times afford a pass to theni.. 
Steps, therefore, must now be taken to retain t^^^ 
confidence of those people ► .' ^^\^ 

Majoi Peter Schuyler, the Washington of his day^ • 
lived at Albany, where w4th incredible industry and 
perseverance, he made himseff acquainted with alt 
the plans and undertakings of the Sixnations, and as- 
studiously maintained a friendship with them, whicht 
extended to all Americans. They had received re- 
peated injuries hom the French for a long, tiincs, aad 
something was new necessary to prove to them, that 
the English were n^t afraid to meet them on their- 
own ground. AccorAingly^ in 1 601, Major Schaylcr,. 
" with about three hundred men, nearly half Mo- 

• ■■ ■ ~: — ■ ' ■ • — — — ' — > ■ 

^ • Afterwards executed for assuming the eorehunent of 
. Kewyork. Sec Snath's Hi«t. N. Y. 121 to 135. ,.^ , » -^ 

iTrumbur.'slfisl.f[.iS|.l,il'5toi^.' '-^^--^^ 



630 APraNDIH. 



• « yJA 



hawks and Sctiakook* Indiana, passed Lake Chani- 
ttlain, and made a bold attack on the French settlc- 
tnents north of the lake. Meanwhile, DeCallieres, tlm 
GoTernoar of Montreal, spared no pains to give Him 
IL propfir reception. He crossed the river with twelve 
hundred men, and encamped at La Praire. Schuy- 
ler attacked and put to night his out posts and In- 
dinae, pursued them to the fort, and on that com- 
menced a brisk attack. He had a sharp and brave 
action with the French regulars, and ailcrward forc- 
ing his way through a body of the enemy, who in- 
tercepted him, on his return, made good his retreat. 
In these several conflicts, the Major slew of the ene- 
my, thirteen officers, and in the wiiole three hundred 
men ; a greater number than he carried with Iiim 
into the field.^f 

Before this, in 1688, twelve hundred warrioiirs of 
the Sixnations, made a descent on the island of Mon- 
treal, slew a thousand of the inhabitants, and carried 
oif twentysix prisoners, whom they burnt alive. 
About three months after, they attacked the island 
again, and went off with nearly the same success. 
" These expeditions had the most dismal consequen- 
ces on the affairs of the French in Canada.** fhe/ 
had a garrison at lake Ontario, wliich they now aban- 
doned, and fled in canoes do^vn the Cadarackui in 
the night ; and, in descending the falls, a great num- 
ber of men were lost. The warriours then t6ok pos- 
session of the garrison, and twentysoJ*en birrels of 
powder fell into their hands. Nothing but die ignor- 
ance of the Sixnations, in the Eur<7pean art of virar, 
saved Canada from total ruin ; ana, what will ever bo 
lamented, the colonies, through the caprice of their 
European lords, were unable to lend them any assist- 
ance. With a little help from the English, a period 
would have been put to the torrents of blood that 

^»»»_l !■ • »i ■■> -■■■.»■■ Ill * "I ■ I 

, • Tminbull, I, 221, but at 301, he spells it ss seen in FUil* 
if^ war, page 68 except £&at be asfcd bat one ^ 



APPENDtlX. ?31 

flowed wntH, the conquest by the immortal Wolf and 
Amherst, in 17(30. 

IX.— -DESTRUCTION 0* DEKRFIELJ^. 

In 1703, the plan was laid U) cut off the frontier* 
inhabitants of ]\cwc*ngland, from one extremity to tlie 
other, but it was not fuUy executed. Though the 
eastern settlements from Casco to AVells were de- 
stroyed, and one hundred and thirty peo}>le killed and 
taken, the- we?=tern froi. tiers nunained unmolested, 
and were lulled into a fatal security. From tlic In- 
dians that traded at Albany, Colonel u>chuyler receiv- 
ed intelligence of a design in Canada to fall upoii? 
Deerfiekl, of which the inhabitants were informed in 
May. " The design not being carried into executioi* 
in the course of the summef, the intelligenee wasr 
not enough regarded. I*ut the next winter, ITOl^ 
M. Vaudrieul, fVaudrcuilj Governour ofCauitIa, i^iir- 
sumed the project with ?nucli attention." 

The history of this affair from the accomplishcrl 
historian of Vermont, I)r. Samuel Williams, is pcr- 
liaps more particularly interesting, as he is an imme^' 
diate descendant of a priucij)al huilcrer, the Ilev^ 
John Willu'ims, I give it in his own worJ&'. , 

" Dcerheld, at tliat tinie, w;is the most northerly: 
settionu'.nt on Connccticnt river, a few families at 
Norlhfiell excepted. Agai/ist this place, M. Vau- 
drieul .';cnt out a party of about three hundred French 
Mi4 Indians. The-y wer> put under the command of 
ITertel de llouville, ussisted by four of his brothers 5 
ell of which had been trained up to the business by 
tlictr father, who had l)een a famous partizan in their 
former wars. The routf? they took, was by the way 
of Lake Champlain, till they came to the French 
river, now catted Onion river. Advancing up that^ 
stream, they passed over to Coniaecticut river, ancj 
travv'iL'd on the ice till they came near to Dcerfieki. 
Mr- WUlianis, their minister^ had been mu'^h aJwaK^- 



( 



&22 APPENDIX. 

hansivo of danger, and attempte<l to make the same 
impression on the minds of iiis pcopIC) but not with 
fuliicient success ; but upon his application, the go- 
vernment of the province had sent a guard of twenty 
fsoldieis for their assistance. The fortifications were 
some slight works thrown round t\Vo or three garri- 
son iiouse», but were nearly covered in somo places 
with drifts of show. To tiiis place, Rouville wit/i 
his party, approached on February the twentyninth. 
Hovering round the place, ho ?ent out his spies for 
intclhgence. Tlie w^ach key.t the rflreets of the tovint. 
till about two hours before day, dhd then, ilnfortVH' 
nately, all of them went to sleep. Perceivihg all toi 
be quiet, the enemy cnil>raccMJ the opportunity an<i 
rushed on to the attack. The snow wits so high, 
Ihat they had no difliculty in jumping over the walls 
bf the fortification ; and immediately separated into 
*naH parties, to appear before every house at thet 
same time. Tl^e place v/as completfcly surprisedf 
and the enemy were entering the houses at the mch 
toient the inhabitants had the first suspicion of theiif 
approach. The whole village wiis carried in a feW 
hours, and with very little resistance; one of the gar- 
rison houses oidy, being able to hold out against tb4 
•neniy. 

liaving carried the place, slain foriyseven ©f the 
inliabitants, captured the rest, and plundered the vil- 
lage, the enemy set it on fire i and an hour after sun 
rise on the same day, retreated in great haste. A small 
))arty of the English pursued them, and a skirmish 
ensued the same day, in which a few v/ete lost oo 
both fltde^. The enemy, however, completely eut^ 
veeded ili their enterprize, mid returned to Canada 
on the same route, carrying with them one hundred 
&nd twelve < f'lhe inhabitants of Deerfield, as prisoners 
of war. Th*^y were twentyfivc days 6n their march 
from Deerfield to Chambly ; and like their masters, 
the savages, depended on hunting for their support. 
On thoir arrival in Canada, tliey found nuah hik* 



APPENDIX. f2S 

manity and kindness f; cm the French, and from M. 
Vaudrieul their Governour ; but complained much 
of the intolerance, bigotry, and duplicity of the 

priests*"* 

Among the captives was the minister of the town, 
• Eev. John Williari^s. As the Indians entered his 
room, he took down his pistol, and presented it to 
the breast of the foremost, but it missed fire. They 
then laid hold on him, and bound him naked as he 
was, and thus kept him for the space of an hour. la 
the mean time two of the children were carried out 
and killed ; also a negro woman. His wife, who was 
hardly recovered from chil<lbod, was with the res| 
marched for Canada. The second dayj in wading a 
river, Mrs. Williams fainted and fell, but with assist- 
ance was 4ept along a little faithcr^ when at the 
foot of a hill she began to falter, her savage master, 
with one blow ojf his tomahawk, put an end to iicr 
miseries. 

The distance they had to masch was at least three; 
' hundred ^liles. A.\ dilforent times the most of the 
prisoners were redeemed and returned hoipe. Mr. 
Wjlliams and fiftys<?ven Qthers arrived at Boston fron) 
Quebeck, in 170G. One of his daughters, Eunice, 
married an Indian, and becama a convert to the Ro- 
man Catholick religion, whicli she never woii^l con- 
sent to forsake. She frequently visited her friends 
in NQwen^land ; " but she uniforji^ly persisted in 
wearing her blanket and counting her beads. "f 

Mr. Williams, after his return, was invited to preaf^h 
near Boston ; but refused every oiler, and returned 
again to Deerfield and collected his scattered flock, 
with whom he continued until 1728; "dying in 
peace, belovec} by his people, and lamented by his 
country." He published a history of his captivity^ 
which, when Dr. Williams, his grand son, wrote hi4 

f Williams' Hi«t. Vermont, I, S04-^0T. 



-■*■>■ 



S94 ' APPENDIX. 

Jhistory of Vermont, haj passeiji through seve^ €*4J- 
lions.* 

X. RAVAGES OF THE EASTERN INDIAN'S. 

In 1707, the frontiers sufTci-ed extremely. OystCf 
river, l^lxcter, Kingstown, and Dover in Newhampr 
ishire ; Berwick, Vork, Weils, "VVinterliarbour, Cascc^ 
jan<l eveii Marlborongli in Massaehusctts, were con^ 
siclt riibl}' da!nage<l. In 1710, Col. Walton with on<) 
li'.iiidro'vl and seventy men made an expedition to 
!r;orri(ic:<iVvock, in the beginning of winter. Tha 
jcliief of iliat place was taken and kiliod,f and r^iany 
more. The next year is rendered nicmorablc by the 
groat (\\p.'dition a;:Tainst Canada; niLinorabLi only 
for its bad success, and the monstrous de^t it brough't 
iipon t-ic Colonic^. In 1713, a peace wiis concluded 
with Fra*icc, in conse<|nence of whicli tho eastern 
lij.lir^n^^ desired peace with the colonies, whicli wa^ 
«ccord:R.';iy bron.q^ht about. J It waj however of 
Hiort dnrf.tirn. In August 1717, it was renewed at 

ArrowsilvC,'v hut was broken within two years after, 

• —'■ — ■ • ^,— '. — '■ ' - I ■■ - 

* Hist. Vermont. 

t His nariie was Arruhawikwahemt, "an active bolJ follo^Y^ 
and one of an un<la;?nte<l spiril ; for, ivh,^n ho was a-k-^a 
several questions, he matle no reply j gnii wlicn they ttM»»at7 
eneil hlnr^ v^ idi dcAlh, he laughed at it with coptemi.t^V Peiw 
hallow, 70. ^ 

t The delegates tnc^t at Portsiyioulh, N. H., U Jaly» and r^ . 
treaty was signed the 13. The articlcn arc prescived entire 
in Penhallow's History, 82-95. 

§ Penhallnw, pag^ 00, relates a ftory concerning the aliTinT 
6ance cf Due Us at this ]»iace, >vhicli, though we do not do'fbi 
it, is certainly equally ^'ttonisihlnj; to manv Jhih stories. 
About three <'ays after t'le lenf^wal oCHie treaty, ** a uuaihec 
of Indians went a duck huntlrp;, which \y?LS a* sea?on of the 
year thnt the old ones g.^neraliy ^hed their feaihers in, and 
fee young ones arc not so well ilu.shed as to be able to fly • 
they drove them like a floi:k of sheep before thorn into thd 
creeks, where without either pow^ler or j-b'^t. I'.-v v;^^ •t* 
/)ne timej four thouf and aud >i» * 
hfinf(ktS» a pc4nfiy a do?/*' . 



APPENDIX. 325 

and various hostilities committed. The government, 
in 1721, ordered a party of men to Norridgcwock, 
their chief town, but on their approach, the Indies 
all fled into the woods. One Sebastian Ralle, or 
lloUe dwelt there, as a missionary nmong them, and 
was supposed to have stirred up the Indians to hos- 
tilities, as Castine fowDcrly had. Nothing was effect- 
ed by ihe expedition, except the bringing away of 
some of Halle's papers, by whicli it was discovered, 
that he was instigator in the war. Tliis was thought 
by the Indians to be such an insult on the divine 
'agency, that tiicy now made war their business. In 
June, 1722, a large body struck a deadly blow on 
Mcrrymeeting bay, a village on an unn of the Win- 
iiipissaukec,* where ^hey took nine families.f Short- 
iy after, at Passamraatiuaddy, lhv.*y took a vessel with 
passengers, and burned Brunswick. 

War was now declared on the part of the English, 
4ind in February, Col. Westbrook with one hundred 
and tliirty men, ranged tJie coast with small vessels 
as far as Mountdesert. " On his return he sailed u[ 
the Penobscot, and about thirtyjtwo miles above the 
anclioring place, for the transports, discovered the 
Indian Castle. It was seventy feet long and fifty 
broad. "Within were twentythree well fTnished wig- 
wams. Without was a handsome church, sixty feet 
long and thirty broad. There was also a commo- 
dious house for their priest. But these were all de- 
stroyed, and nothing more was accomplished by the 
expedijtion, than the barbarous business of burning 
this Indian village. 

■ - - 111. - J ■ '•" ■ ■ 1 ■■ -^»** mm , m i i ■ ^■" ^mm utmrn « i 1 1 mib^m^mm la i mmmm^ 

* There are many ways used in writing this word, Doug- 
lass, on the same paae has it tvjro ways ; and few early author^ 
write it alike, but ail, or nearly all, seem to aim at tne sound 
which I have endeavoured to give it. And, as the inhabitants;* 
who dwell around thiA lake, pronounce it so, I see no reason 
why we should not write it so ^ especially, as it was the most 
early way, and, no doubt,sp called l^y tfte natives themselves 

t Most of these vnr^ ^ftejrward sot at liberty. Penhal- 
low, 91. 

?8 ^ 



826r' .' APPENDIX, 



I ./- 



Afterwards Captain Moulton wiat up with a part^ 
of men to Norridgewock, but the village was de- 
serted, lie was a brave and prudent raixn, and, pro- 
bably, imagining that moderation and bun^anity 
might excite the Indians to a more favourable con- 
duct towards the English, he left tlieir houses an4 
Church standing." 

In April, 1723, eight persons were killed of taken 
at Scarborough and Falmouth. '* Among the dead 
was a Sergeant Chubb, whom the Indians imagining 
to be Captain Harman, against wlioni they had con- 
ceived the utmost malignity, fifteen aiming at hini 
at the same ii)stant, Jodged eleven bullets in hi^ 
body. 

Besides otiicr mischiefs, the enemy, the summer 
following, surpriscr^d Cn.=co, with other harbours in 
its vicinity, p.nd en ptured sixteen or seventeen sail of 
fishing vessels. I'hc yRS:'ols^bolongcd to Massachu- 
setts ; but Govern':ur Piiilips of Novascotia, happen- 
ing to be at Casco, ordered two slooi)s to be imme- 
diately manned and dispatched in pursuit of the one 
my. The sloops were commanded by John Eliot 01 
Boston, and John Robinson of cnpe Anne. As Eliot 
was ranging the coast be discoveroJ seven vessels in 
Winepang harbour, lie concealed his men, except 
^our or five, and made directly f>r the harbour. 
Ct'ming nefirly up to one of tlie vessels, on board of 
which was about sixty Tndi;ins, in high expectation 
of anotli^r prize, tliey hoisted their pendants and 
cried out ' ytri.ke English do^:^ iuid come aI>oard for 
you are jdl prisoners.' VA\<A. nn>:\\ered that he would 
make all the Iiasto he coulJ. As he made no attempts 
to escape, tlie enemy soon suspected mischief, cut 
their cable and attempted to gain tlie shore : but im- 
mediately boarding them he prevented tlieir escape. 
For about half an hour they made brave resistance, 
fc^ut Eliot's hand grenadoes made such a havock 
among them, that at length, those who had not beca^ 
killed, took to the water, where they were a fair 






APJPENDIX. ■' ^3t 

biark for the English musketeers. Five only reachcfd 
the shore. Eliot received three bad wounds, had one 
man killed and several wounded. He recovered 
seven vessels, several hundred quintals of fish, and 

• fifteen captives. Many of th6 captives had been 
sent away, and nine had been murdered in cold blood, 
jlobinson retook two vessels and killed several of 
tije enemy. 

The loss of siicli a number of meii determined the 
ienemy to seek revenge on the poor fishermen. 
IVenty of these yet remained in their h^ndsj at the 
iiarhour of Maliagash, [where the remainder of the 
vessels lay which they had taken from the English^ 
and were inaccessible to Captain Eliot.] These 
were all destined to be sacrificed to the manes of the 
slaughtered Indians. At the very time, that the pow* 
tiwing and other ceremonies, attending such horri- 
ble purposes, were just comffiencingj Captain Biin, 
v;!iO sometime before had been a prisoner among 
them, iarriVed off the harbour ; and made the signal, 
or sent in a token, which it had becti agreed between 
them, should be the sign of protection. Three In- 
tiians came aboard, and an agreement ^as made for 
the ransom both of the ships and captives. These 

s were delivered and the ransom paid. Captain Blin 

in his way to Boston, captivated a number of them, 

near cape Sable ; and Captain Southack a number 

more, which they brought on with them to Boston." 

In September they made a descent on the island 

, of Arrowsike, where they burned tlic houses, killed 
>he cattle, and then retired to their bead quarters at 
jVorridgewock. There was a garrison on the island 
of about forty ^iien, but their number was so small 
compared with that of the enemy, that no sally was 
inade. 

Tlie beginning of the next year, 1724, was altCH 
gether unfavourable to the English. People were 

. killed at Cape Porpoise, Black Point, and Berwick ; 
^Iso at Lamprey, and Oyster tiveis, and King»tO|(| 
•in Newbampshire. 



\- > .«> 






S28 APPENDIX, 



"Captain Josiah Winslow, who had uec*i ^i,uCium' 
ed at tho fort on St. George's river, with part of his 
company, had been surprised and cut off. He went 
out from the fort with two whaleboats, fourteen white 
men, and three Indians. It seems the enemy watch- 
ed their motions, and on their return, suddenly sur- 
rounded them, with thirty canoes, whose compliAient 
was not less than a hundred Indians. The English 
attempted to land, but were intercepted, and nothing^ 
remained but to sell their Kves as dearly as possible. 
They made a brave defence, but every Englishman 
w^as killed. The three Indians escaped to report 
their hapless full. Flushed with these successeis, the 
enemy attempted still greater feats on the water. 
They took two shallops at the isles of shoals. They 
then made seizures of other vessels in different har-^ 
bours. Among others they took a large schooner 
carrying two swivel guns. This they manned and 
cruised along the coast. It was imagined that a 
small force would be able to conquer these raw sai- 
lors* A shallop of sixteen, and a schooner of twenty 
men, under Captains Jackson and Lakeman, were 
I armed and sent in pursuit of the enemy. They sooa 

came up with them, but raw as they were, they obli- 
ged the English vessels to sheer off, and leave thent 
to pursue their own course, who took eleven vessels^ 
and fortyfive men. Twentytwo they killed, and the 
jpthers they carried into captivity." 

Wliile these affairs were passing at sea, the inland 
country suffered also. " Mischief was done at Gro- 
ton, Rutland, Northampton, and Dover. In all these 
places more or less were killed, some wounded, and 
others carried into captivity." 

The scene is now to change. The English arc 
resolved to visit the Indians at their head quarters, 
at Norridgewock. Accordingly, Captains Moulton, 
Harman, and Bourne, witb two hundred and eighty 
inen,^ arrived atTacounock, up the Kennebeck river, 
tho twentieth of A.MgusX» ^^\^>iws^\^^\l\*u: boats 




APPENDIX. aw 

akJ (brty men to guard them, and proceeded the 
next day for Norridgewock. " In the evening they 
discovered two women, the wife and daughter of 
Bomazeen, the famous warriour and chieftain of 
Norridgewock. They fired upon them iajid killed his 
daughter, and then captivated his wife. By her they 
obtained a good account of the state of the village. 
On the twentythird they came near it, and as they 
imagined that part of the Indians would be in their 
corn fields, at some distance, it was thought expedi* 
ent to make a division of the army." Captain Har- 
man marched with eighty men into the fieWs. — 
" Moulton with the remainder marched directly for 
the village. About three o'clock it opened sudden^ 
ly upon them. The Indians were all in their wig- 
wams entirely secure. Moulton marched his men in 
the profoundest silence, and ordered that not one of 
them should fire at random, through the wigwams, 
nor till they should receive the enemy's fire ; as he 
expected they would come out in a panic and over-r 
shoot them. At length an Indian steppiqg out, dis- 
covered the English close upon them. He instantly 
gave the war hoop, and sixty warriours rushed out to 
meet them. The Indians fired hastily without in- 
juring a man. The English returned the fire with 
great effect, and the Indians instantly fled to the riv- 
er. Some jumped into the^r canoes, othel^ into the 
river, which the tallest of the^ were able to ford. 
Moulton closely pursuing them,, drove thefti from 
their canoes, and killed them in the river, so that it 
was judged, that not more than fifty of the whole \'\U 
lage reached the opposite shore. Some of these 
were shot before they reached the woods; 

The English then returning to the villaj^e, found 
father Ralie, the Jesuit, firing from one of the wig- 
' wams on a small number of men who had not been 
in the pursuit of the enemy. One of these he wound- 
ed ; in consequence of which, one Lieutenant Ja- 

28* 



?3Q XfPENDlX. 

qties burst tRe door and shot him tbrodgfi the he^^ 
Captain A^ulton had given orders not to kiU him^ 
Jaques excused himself, affirming that Ralla waff- 
loading his piece, and* refused to give <^ take qua?-- 
Ht> With the English there were three Mohawks^- 
Mogg,* a famous Indian warriour firiix; fron» a wig* 
warn killed, one of them. His brother in a rage flaw 
ta the wigwam, burst the door, and instantly killa^ 
Mogg. The English followed in a rage ana killed: 
his squaw and two helpless children." After the ruc- 
tion Ilarman arrived and they all lodged in. the vlb^« 
lage. *'In the morning they found twentysix dead- 
bodies, besides that pf the Jesuit. Among, the dead* 
were Bomazeen, Mogg, Wissememet, and Uooiazeen's* 
son in law, all famous warriours."j" 

The inhumanity of the English to the women and* 
children cannot be excused. It greatly eclipses the* 
lustre of the victory. J 

The Norridgewocks were now broken dawn, and* 
they never made any figure afterwards.'^ 

XL — lovewell's fight;- 

Perhaps the celebrated story of " Loveweli^^St 
Fight," cannot be given, to interest the present age, 
better tfian in the language of the old song, composed^ 
just after it happened. It i& a simple and true nar^* 
rative ©f the atiain 

I 

• 1 OC worthy Captain Lovewell,p I purpose noir tb sing, . 
f How valiantly he served his country and his King ; 



♦In Philip's War there was a chief by this name.. Mr**. 
Hubbard called him " Mug the rogue." 

t " The number in aU that were killed [ofthe enemy] wasc 
supposed tobe eighty. "^ Penhallow, 108* 

t "It may," says Penhallow, ib. "be as noble a» eiploit;. 
^^11 tbings considered)' as ever happend in the time of Kinfi 

PhUip." 

§ The above article is taken.fraim.Dr. TrumbaU!s Hist. U* 

S. Chap.iX. 

, -It Captain John Loiewell fived in Danstabk^ Newhan^ 



AP?EVDIX. .8M- 

** ■-* 

ffe and his valiant soldiers, did range the woods full Mlid^ 
And ha i\] -hi OS they endured to quell the Indiani' T:)riae,- " 

d 'Twas nigh unto Pigwacket,* on the eighth day of Mayjt " 
They spied a rehel Indian soon after break of day ; 
' He on a bank was walking, upon a neck of land, 
Which leads iato a pondj as we're made to understaoM. 

# 

.3 Our men rcsolv'd to have him and trarelPd two miles rounds 
Until they met the Indian, who boldly stood his ground ; 
Then spake up Captain Lovewell, "take you good heed^" 

says he, 
** This rogue is to decoy us, I very plainly see.§ 

4 " The Indians lie in ambush, in some placo nigh at hand, 
*' In order to surround us upon this neck of land ; 

" Therefore we'll march in order, and each man leave hi*> 

pack, If 
" That we may briskly fight them when they makeHheiir 

attack." 

5 They came unto this Indian, who did them thus defy. 
As soon as they came nigh him, two guns he did let uVjT 

thircj then Massachusetts. " He was a son of Zacheus Love- 
well,, an flnsign in th« army of Oliver Cromwell, who came- 
to this country and settled at Dunstable, where he died at 
the age of one hundrext and twenty yearsy the oldest white- 
man who ever died in the state of Newhampshire." Far- 
mer and Moore's GoL III, 64. 

* Situated on the upper part of the river Saco, then b(^ 
miles from any white settlement. lb. I, 27. k is in thtf 
present town of Fryeburg, Maine. 

t They set out from Dunstable about the 16 April, 1725.. 
Symmes' narrative, in Farmer and Moore's Col. 1, 27, 

X Called Saco pond. Some call this Lovewell^s pond, but 
I^ovewell'"s pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before,- 
eaptured a company of Indians,, who were on their way to> 
attack some of the frontier towns.. 

§ This Indian waus out » hunting and probabTy had m^ 
knowledge of the English, having two ducks in his hand, and^ 
his guns loaded with oeaver shot.. Symmes and Belknap. 

II The Indians finding their packs, learned their number,, 
and placed themselves to surround theoft, when they r^tum'- 

ed. 

. % It appears from Mr. Symmes^ that the ITnglifih saw the 
Indian coming, and secreted tiNUBSclvesy firing, ai luoi fiirst 



I 



3S^ APPENDIX. 

Which woanded Captain Loyefwel1> and likewise one man 
Bat when thia rogue was running, they laid him in his 



t Then having scalp'd the Indian, they went back to the spot. 
Where they had laid their packs* down, but there they 
found them not, 



For the Indians haying spy'd them, when they them down 

did lay. 
Did seize them for their plunder, and carry them away. 

7 These rebels lay in ambush, this vey place hard by. 
So that an Kngtish soldier did one olTthem espy. 

And cried out ** Here's an Indian," with that they started 

out. 
As fiercely as old lions^ and hideously did shout. 

8 With that our valiant English, all gave a loud huzza. 
To shew the rebel Indians they fear'd them not a straw r 
So now the fight began, and as fiercely as could be. 

The Indians ran up to them, but soon were forc'd to flee.l 

9 Then spake up Captain Lovewell, when first th« fight be- 

gan, 
" Fight on my valiant heroes? you see they fall like rain.* 
For as we are inform'd, the Indians were so thick, 
A man could scarcely fixe a gun and not some of th«m hit. 

iO Then did the rebels fry their best our soldiers to surround. 
But they could not accomplish it, because there was a pond. 
To which our men retreated and covered all the rear,§ 
The rogues were forcM to flee them, altho' they skulk'i 

for fear. 

— ■ ■ 11-, ^ 

He then, having two guns, discharged both, and wounded 
the Captain mortally. 

* Samuel Whiting. 

t £nsien Wyman shot him, and Mr. Frye, the chaplain^ 
and another, scoped him. Symmes. 

t Both partiefl, advanced with their guns presented, and 
when they came within " a few yards," they fired on both 
sides. " The Indians fell in considerable numbers, but the 
English, most, if not all of them, escaped the first shot." lb. 
Then advancing within twice the length of their guns, alew 
nine. Penhallow. 

' § Twelve were killed and wounded before they retreated 
to the po|id. There was a soaall bankj^ wbicb served tbom 



» 

^ were behind them, that cTose to<;;ellier lay. 

Without beinj^ discovered, they could not get away ; 
Therefore our valiant English, they travcllM in a row. 
And at a handsome distance as they were wont to go. 

12 'Twas 10 o'clock in the morning, when first the fight begun. 
And fiercely di<i continue until the setting sun ; 
I'^iXceptin^ that the Indians, some hours before 'twas niglit* 

'• Drew oil' into the bushes and ceased awhile to fight.* 

13 But soon again returned," in fierce and furious mood, 
Shouting as in the morning, but yet not half so loud ; 

For as we are informed, feo thick and fast they fell, , 

Scarce twenty of their ii umber, at night did get home well.f 

14 And that our valiant Ri>glish, till midnight there did stay. 
To see whether the rebels would have another fray ; 

But they no' more returning/ trhey made off towards tfieir 

homo, [come.f 

And brought away their wounded as far as they coui4 

^ Of all our valifti^t EngliFh, there were but thirtyfour, 
And of the rebel Indiana, tlt**'-^ WClre abotlt^ir score. 
And sixteen of our English did safely home return, 
The rest were killed and wounded, Ifor which we all must 
mourn. §■ 

^3 a breastwork, and, perhaps,- saved them from an immediate 
defeat. This is the more probable, as but few were killed 
aftervv;>rd,- lb. 

* They probably drew off to take care of the woundej. 
Symm^K nor Penhallow ina-kes no^ mention that they return- 
ed again to the fight, after they drew off/ 

t Forty were said to be killr^d upon the spot, and eighteen 
more died of their wounds. Peu hallo vt* 

J Solomon Keye?j after receiving three wounds, crawled 
along the shore of the pond, where he chanced to find an old 
<-anoe, into which he rolled himself, and the wind wafteci 
him on several miles toward the fort, which he reached in 
safety.- He felt his end ajiprodrching, when he was in the 
boat, into which he haiici'TWled,'0n5^ to die in peace, and to 
e>cape the scalping knife, but wonderfully revived. Symmes- 

§ Eight were left in the woods, whose wounds were so baef 
that they could not travel, of whom two only returned. On6? 
ran away in the beginning cf the fight. 



.^^u < . 



334 APPENDIX. 

16 Our worthy Captain Lovcwell among them there did die, 
They killed Lt. Rohins,* and wounded good young Frye,t 
Who was our English chaplain ; he many Indians slew. 
And some of them he scalp'd when bullets round him flew 

17 Younp: FuUamJ too I'll mention, because he foiight so well^ 
Endeavouring to sare a man, a si^crilicc he fell ; 

But yet our valiant Englishmen in fight were ne'er dis- 
! may'd, [made, 

] But still tiiey kept their motion^ and Wyma-n's§ Captaii* 

18 Who shot the old chief Paugu*!,]! which did the foe defeat,- 
Then set his men in order, and brought off the retreat ; 
And braving many dangers and hardships in tbe way, 
They safe arriv'd at Dunstable, the thirteenth day of 

Mav.ir 

In the beginning of the war, one hundred pounds 
were offered by the government for every Indian 
scalp. Captain Lovewoli and his company in about 

* He belonged to Chelmesford. Being mortally woundeiL 
desired to have two runs cji^.f^t-f"!, antf ien Willi iiiin^ ivLiclJ 
- .4..*^ #ifH, •!> jigidj «* Al^ the Indians "will come in the? morn- 
ing to scalp me, I v^ill kill one more of them if I can." lb. 

t He fell abotlt the middle of the afternoon. He was the 
only son of Gapt. James Frye of Andover, graduated at Har- 
vard college in I72y, and was chaplain of the company. Ib» 

t Only son of Maior Fullam of Weston, was sergeant of 
the company, and fell in the beginning of the fight. lb. 

§ Ensign Scth Wyman of Woburn. He was presented 
with a silver hiked sword for hie good conduct^ aiid commis-' 
sioncd Captain. He died soon aft6r. 

y Many of LoveWell's men knew Paugus personally. A 
liuge bear's skin formed a part of his dress. From Mr. 
Symmes» account, it aippears that John Chambcrla'in killed 
him. They had spoken together some time in the fight, 
liiid afterward both happened to go to the pond to wash out 
thnir gans, which were rendered useless; by sa frec|nent 
firing. Here the challangc was given by Paugus, " It i.^yott' 
^r I." As soon as the guns were preparied they fired, and 
I'augiis felU 

IT Wyman and three othe^ did not arrive until the 15tby 
fcut the main body, consisting of twelve, arrived the l^Sth. 



^ •». lrf»*j,i<,^i- 



- APPENDIX. " * 335 

*hroc months made twelve hundred pounds. This 
Mimulatod them to attack the vili-.igo of Pigvvocket, 
where, if successful, they considered theichfortunea 
sure. It was a heavy loss to the countryjf but this 
nearly finished the war. The Indian-^ forin8vl no 
consid'.irable body intiiese parts aftorvvard. Alon^* 
and hnppy peace followed. 

The above son^ is taken from the valuable Histori- 
cal CoilectJQns of Farmer and ^Iporc. 

I cannot refiise \\\q. beautiful line«? of Mr. Thoma» 
C. Upham, i* a N. Hampshire poet," a place in this 
work. They were occasioned by a visit to the plaoe 
of Lovewell's Fight.* 

Ah? wh^re are the soHi*»rs U.at fjvio;ht here of yore? 
The sotl is upon thorn, they'll stni|i;ji;lc no wore. 
'rii(» hatchet i? fa'len, the reil rnan i*< low j 
liiil near liiin repoBes the arm pf his ibc. 

The huglc is silent, the warhoop is rl-^n'^; ;^ 
I'h.-^re^s a mupmur of waters and woods in their stead ; 
Ani! the ravpjs and owl ('.hant ^ Winphony drear, 
)E''rom the dark waving j;.incs o'er the coinbalant*s bier, 

TIj'* liajht cf the sun ha? just sunk in Ih'* wgive. 
And along ti.uic a?;o sat thn sun of the l)fAve. 
The waUTs coj^i^'^in* a> thoy roll fj'er tli»f stones, 
And the rank giass encircles a lew scattf rM boues. 

Tlin names of (he fidlen the traveller leaves 

Cut 0!it with bis knife in th-'' hark of the trees, 

jiint iitilc avail his arteclionate arts, 

For the naales of the ialicii are giaved in our hearts. 

The voice of t^je hunter is loud on Hie breeze, 
There's a f!a.-)jin{»; of water^", a ni-tling of trees ; 
But the jangling of ij:r#«oiTr hath all ]ia.»>>'d away, 
No gushing 0^' lifeblood is here seen to day. 

.The eye that was sparkling, no longer is bright, 

The arm of the migiity, death conquered its might, 

— I ' ■ ' .1.1. - - . ■ ■ 

/ Taken /rem Farcier and Moore's Col. I, Wk^ 



iiS* 



S36 - APPENDIX. 

The bosoms tlial once for tjirir country beat high^ 
To lho»e boioins the sods of the valley are nigli. 

.Sleep, Adicrs of merit, sleep, g;allants of yore, 
Tl»e haAiet i> fallen, the strugij;le i? o'er. 
iVVhile the lir tree is ji;vcen and ihe wind rolls a wavfi^ 
The tear drop shall brighten the turf of the brave. 

^11.— ANECi)OTES, NARRATIVES, &,€., OF THE JN- 

DiANS. 



JS 



* 

i?l. Among the first Fettlers of Brunswick, Maine, 
Daniel Malcolm, a man of imdaiuited courage, 
an invctorato enemy of the Indians, jylio gave 
Jhim tlic nnmc of Suniuuiiumby, tliat is, a very ^rong 
man. Early in the spring, iio ventured alone into 
the forest for the pn.posc of splitting rails from the 
spruce, not i/} prehensive ol" Indians j^o early in the 
season. AVlnle entj^nired in h'^ work, and Iiaviiiij 
open(;d a log with sniall wedges about half its leiijijth, 
he was sur]>riscd by Indians, who crept up und ao^ 
cured his mu-iket, ftanding by his side. "Sungurr- 
numby," said ti)0 chief, '• now m(3 got you ; long mo 
want you ; y.ciu long speak Indian, long time worry 
^lim ; me have got you n(.>w ; look up stream taX-a- 
nada.'* — " Well,*' said ivjidcolm, with true sang frdd^ 
*' you have me ; but just help mo open this log be- 
fore I go." They all [^xa in nuniber) agreed. MaK 
€ohn prepared a large r»^;oo(len wedge, carefully 
drove it, took out his small wedges, and told the In- 
dians to put in their fingers to the partially defied 
>vood, and help pull it open. They did ; he then sud- 
denly struck out his blunt wedge, and tlio elaslick 
wood instantly closed fast on their fingers, and he 
^curcd ihem.* 

2. Crigin of the tuiit^ of a bridge in Salisbury 
JV*. //., kncncn by the name of '• Indian Bridge." — 

In the fall of the year 1753, two Indians, named Sa- 

' - ^ « . ' -^ — ■ ■ « • ■ ■ 

* Farmer and Moore, III, 105. 



I 

i 



appendU. 335" 

balis and Plausawa, came iuto Gantcrtury with furn. 
They here met two men from Newbury, whom tliey 
:knew, but were hat pleased at seeing them, and be- 
gan to make off. Sabatis seemed disposed to do 
inischief, but Was prevented bj^Flausawa. The two 
Englishmen offered to buy their furs. They refiused, 
und said they would not sell furs to the Engti^h, but 
would go to Canada; but afterward they offered to 
,trade few rum. They had rum, but would not sell 
it to them, thinking that tliey were ill disposed. A» 
tlhcy were about to leave the : Indians, one of thciij, 
Plausawa, appeared friendly, and advised them to 
;avoid meeting with Indians. When tliey Iv^i gone 
.a little distacce from the Indians, Sabatis called 
:them, and said, " No more you English come here ; 
me heart/bad; me kill you," One of the English 
Teplied, "No kill — English and Indians nov/ ail 
-brothers.** As they left the Indians, they met one 
Peter Bowen going toward them. They toldliim of 
•the temper the Indians had showed, and tried to dis- 
suade him. He replied, tliat he was not afraid of 
<them ; that be was acquainted with Indians and knew 
how to deal with tliem. The Indians had got into 
their canoe, tmd were going «p the river, when Uow • 
.en called to them, and invited ^hem to goto his 
house, and stay all night ; and that be would give 
them some rum. They went with him to his house, 
which was in Contoocook. The night was spent in 
a drunken frolick, in which Bowen did not fail to 
act his part ; being much accustomed to their modes 
of life. In tlie midst of the frolick, Bowen took the 
caution to unload their guns. The ne3tt morning he 
took hk horse to convey their packs to their boats. 
As they were going, Sabatis proposed to IJoweii to 
run with his horse. A race being agreed \ipon and 
performed, in which Sabatia beat fiSvtren on* horse- 
back, at which he was much plelused, and laughed 
heartily. .After proceeding Hiong u little farlken 

29 



( 



tiiubjxtia said iO him, *^ Bowen walk woods^' mcaulnir 
that Bowen wa» liis prisoner. Bowen saul, "No 
walk woods, all one broUiers." Another xta^e sw)zi 
followed, in which Sabatls t'cH in the rear, and Bow- 
en hearing a gun suap, looked round and. saw a flash 
iVom Subatis' gun^ which w?ws poiatpd at hiiu. Ho 
turned back and laid hiindcad with a blow of his. 
tomahawk. Plausawa was luitiior behirji^ and as. 
I'owci came toward him, he leveled his gun aod \% 
snapped also ; he then fell pu his. kno4;.'i an^ b^jggccl 
lor his lile, b\it JBowcn knew he should bo in diingoi 
Ko long as tJio friend of Sabatis livedo so he T-lospalch- 
ed hi;n in like nijnner. H(^ thci\hid the boduis un- 
d(T a brid;;'j, whie!> were found the next;'sprin<j and 
buric:!. From this a.fraii: h the n'an>c of Lidian 
Bridire derived.'^ 

3. Gr\i*^in of the peopling of J\^mt^ck(it hy Vie In- 
dians. It is tohl that hi a remote period oi* tiiiti</i'/'» 
tVj aa eagle rmide a dc^iceut om soice piirt of tivo^ 
coast of what i> now NeweiVglaud, and carried oft' 8^ 
yoiiiiir Indian in his tidorw. The wep^ping pamnts 
nude bitter Imnentatious, and with eager eyes saw 
iheir child borne out of sight, ovo<r Uic trackless 
iici'^ri Thev resohxid to fuHow in the same direc- 
tion. Accordingly they set out in their. cai^OQs, and 
after a p(?riloiis pusf^roge descried the island/ They- 
I. in -led and after mucii jjcarch found the IjQoes of 
l/ie chil 1. ' 

\. .yn cnc€(lofe cf the ochny cf F.a^dehocK 
^'The Noiridf.:o\vo<-k Indians have this trocUtion; 
jiuit this coinpanv ci)<,';igcd a number of Indians, who 
iiiul come to trade witii them, to draw a-cannoq, by 
•J long rope; tJia^ the inoment they were rapged in 
n Ftrtut title, tiie white people discharged tho piece, 
vv l/:eh killed and wouridcd a number. Their story \% 
\\iii\. ihe indignation of tlie natives for this barba- 



APPENDIX. ^^^ 

tons treachery, compelled the company to embark 
to save ihcrir owrt lives."* 

f). "^ hVer from Kino Philip to Govemour 
h'hice, t^&pied from tHe original which beUmgs to 
\Mr. White, of inymouth. Tiie words are spelt as in 

the original Idtir,^ ■ i_ i 

. Kir^G Philip desire to let you undcistand that he 
€ould ftot come to the-court, ibr Tom, bis interpreter 
iia? a pain iti his back, th;rt lie could not travil so 
far, and Philip sister is very sick. 

Philip would intreat that favor, of you, and aney 
t>f the majestratcs, if awcy English w Engians speak 
^bout aiiey labd, he preay you to give them no au- 
^Bwet at all. This last sumer he made tiiat promis 
With yoiij that he vvould not sell ho land in 7 years* 
tlFHo, for that he would have no English trouble hioi 
before that tiiue^ fee has not forgot that you promis 
:him. 

He 'will come a sutie as posible . he <i«Ln to .speak 
tvith jou, atid so I rcsi, your verey loveing friend, 
i*hiiip, dwelling at mount hope nek 
To the much honored 

Croverner, Mr. ThotoYis Prince, 
dwelling at Plymouth.f 

t). Singularity of the Indian language. Thus the 
\vord Nummatch^Htantamooonganunnonash signi- 
ties no more in E^ish, than il^ lusts; and Noo- 
woman tammooonkanunonnash no more than our Icves^, 
A yet longer word (if So sUch an assemblage of let- 
ters may be called) Kummogkodonattoottumraooeti- 
teaong^nnunnonasli is to express only our question.'^ 

7v w^ proof of King PhUip^s hmianity* The ances- 
ler of Col. B. Cole, of Warren, Rhodeisland, came 

to this country and settled at Tui^set.^ He in time 

^ ■ ' < . .. , — . ■ , — — _____^ — ■» ■ ~. « 

• Morse and Parish's Hist, N. Eng. 17. 

t Ma?«. Hi?t. Soc. Col. II, 40. The Editor writes at the 
toltom of the letter, " There is no date to the letter, it w"ai 
Urohably writtrti about 16C0 or 1G70." 

t See Magnaliaj I, 507. 

§ A neck of land on the east side of Keckaiauvt riv«» , 



340 APPENDIX. 

4)ecame acqfimtcd with Philips dttd" always Uvcd in 
habits of IVieiHlshij) wicb him. In June 1675, Philip 
informed him that his young men were very eager to 
go to war against the English y but when he could 
no longer restrain them he Wonkl Set him kncm^ Ac*- 
conHngly on an evening previous to the fatal 24, 
cnnoes arrived from Mooflthope with< advisee ffom 
Philip, that Mr. Cole artd femily must go over toU. 
I., as his people would begin the war. They em- 
barked, and the next moFBing their dwellings were 
burned. Col.^B% Cole, is of the fourth generation.* 

8. ^n Indian Snare. To take large aninvals they 
aometimes built two extensive fences, perhaps a mile 
apart at one extremity, and at ^ other nearly xneet^- . 
ing5>forming an angic, generally, something less than 
a right one. At this point or opening they contrived 
%o betid down a tree of sufficient strength to suspcDd 
the largest animals* ** An English mare having once 
strayed away; was caught, and like Mirfiomet's mbled 
coffin, raised between tiie heavei|6 and earth, in one 
of these snares. The Indians arriving, and seeing 
her struggling on tlie tree,, ran inunodiateiy, and in- 
formed tne Englisii that their aquaw horse w^ hsBg- 
iug on a tree."f 

9. Anecdote of Massassoit. *^r.*Wihslow, J com- 
ing in his bark irooa ConnectioBto Narragenset, — 
and 1^ loft herSMb, — and i^^nding to return by 
land, he went to Dsamekin the sagamore^ [Massas- 
soit] his old ally, who oficred to conduct him home 
to Plimouth. But, befom they took their journey, 
Osamekio sent one of his men to Plimouth to tell 
them that Mr. Winslow was dead ; and directed him 
to show how and where he was killed. Whereupon 
there was mucli fear and sorrow at Plimouth. Tbq 
xy^xt day, when Osamekin brought him home, they 

* Oral account of Col. Cole. 

t Morse and Ps^rish's N. Eng. 229s 

J Mr, £dward Winslow. 



APPilNDlX. 341 

^cd Kiiii wliy ho seiU such word, &c. He answer-* 
eiX^ that it was their manner to do so, that they might 
be more welcome when they came home."* This 
was in 1G34. 

10. Singular d£sa*iptions. Dr. Mather saysi therft 
feu into his hands the manuscript of a Jesuit, em- 
ployed by the Frencli to instruct the Iroquois In- 
dians in religion ; in which was "one chapter about 
Ucaveriy and another about Hell^ wherein are such 
thick skulled passages as these." " ' Q. How is tjic 
scyl made in Heaven*? A. Tis a vory /air soyl, they 
want neither for meats nor clothes : *tis but wishing 
and we have them. Q. Are they employed in Heav- 
en? A. No ; they do nothing ; the tiehls yield c6rh, 
beans, pumpkins, and the like without any tillage." ' 
After a few others that amount to no more or less; it 

5>roceed9- thus in the examination of Hen. " ' i§. 
What sort of soyl is that of hell? A. A very- 
wretched soyl; 'tis a fiery pit, in the centre of thn 
earth. Q. Have they any light in hell? A. No. 
Tis always dark ; there is^ always smoke tlicre ; thefr 
eyes are always in pain with it ; they can see noth- 
ing but tho devils. Q. Tf'hat shaped things are ijin 
devils ? A. Very il) shaped things ; they 'go aboiit 
with vizards on, and they terrify men. (^ IVhctt 
do they eat in IieU? A. They are alwjvys fntngry„ 
but the damned feed on hot ashes and serpents there. 
Q. What water have they to dnnk? A. Hor id wa- 
ter, nothing but melted lead. Q. Don't Ihey dio wi hell? 
A- No : yet they eat one another, every day ; btrt 
suion, God restores and rcnev/3 the man that wvm eat- 
en, as a crept plant in ^ little time repullulates.' " 
" It seems tiiey have not thought this divinity tog 

Sj'oss for tlie barbarians. But I shall make no re- 
actions on it."f 

♦ Winthrop's Hist. N Eng. I, 138^ 13». ' "'^ ^ 

,f 5eo Magnaiia, I, 5:i, 522. . ' •; 



. »» APPENDIX. 

XIII. ^MASSACRE OF THE CO^ESTOOOE INDIANS XlT 

- PENNSYLVANIA. 

. An almost uninterrupted friendship seems to Imre: 
existed between the Indians and the inhabitants of 
Pennsylvania, until the year 1754. At this period 
the French had stirred up the Indians in the back 
country, and an Indian war commenced. 

About ten^ years after that, when " many," saysr 
Mr. Proud, " who had been continually flocking into 
the province, in later years, having from their lue\^ 
pcrience and ignorance, too despicable an opinion: 
of that people, and treating them; accordingly, were 
by this conduct foolishly enraged against the whole 
species indiscriminately ; insomuch, that in the lat- 
ter part of the year 1763, calling to their aid the 
madness of the wildest entliusiasm, with which, un- 
der pretence of religio«, certain most furious zealots- 
among the preachers of a numerous sect, in the pro- 
vince, could inspire their hearers, to cover their bai«- 
barity, a number of, not improperly named, arme3 
demi'Sanages, inhabitants of Lancaster county,^prih- 
cipalty from the townships of Paytang and DonnegaV 
and their neighbourhood, committed the most horri- 
ble massacre, that ever was heard of in this, or per- 
haps, any other province, with inpunity ! and under: 
tiie notion of extirpating the heathen from the earthy > 
us Joshua did of old, that these saints might posses^^ 
the kad alone," &c. Thus begins^ the narrative. 

" 'These Indians were the remains of a tribe of the 
Six Nations, settled at: Conestogoo^ andnhence cal:- 
cd Conestogoe Indians^. On the first arrival of i the 
English in Penfisylvaniay messengers from* this tri be- 
came to welcome them, with presents of venison, 
corn and skins ; and the whold tribe entered into ai 
.-treaty of friendship with- the first Proprietary, Will- 
iam Peim;. ivhichwasto tasc'o^ long a$tke sim 
9h(n4d shmcj Of the tmi»0 rvn in Hi^ risers. 



I 



APPENDIX. 343 

This treaty has been since frequently renewed, anJ 
the chain brigliteTied, as they express it, frora^ time to 
time. It has never been violated on their part, or 
ours, till now. As their lands^, by degrees, were 
mostly purchased, and the settlement of the whit<5 
people began to surround them, tlie Proprietor as- 
signed thehi lands on the manor of Conestogoc, 
,which they might not part with ; there they have 
lived many yearsy in friendship with their white- 
neighbours, who loved them jfor their peactiable*, in- 
offensive bchaTiour. 

It has always been observed, that Indians, settled 
in the neighbourhood of white j:)eople,do hotincreasOy^^ 
but diminish continually. This tribe accordingly 
went on diminishing, till there remained, in their 
town, on the manor, but ^ cnty person% namely ^ 
seven men, five women, and eight children, boys and 
girls. 

Of these, Shehaes was a very oM man, having as- 
sisted at the second treaty, held with them by Mn- 
Penn, in 1701 ; and ever since contimicd a fai?hful 
^ friend to the English ; he h said to have been an ex- 
ceeding good msai^ considering his education, being; 
naturally of a most kind, benevolent temper. 

This little society continued the custom they had 
begun, when more nmnerous, of addressing every 
new Governour, a^d every descendant of the first 
Proprietary, wcleomihg him to the province, assur- 
ing him of their ffichty, and praying a continuance 
of that faTour ana protection, which they bad hitlier- 
X to experienced. They had accordingly sent up nn 
address of this kind to our present Governour (John 
Penn, Esquire) on his arrivai; but the same was 
scarce delivered when the unfortunate catastrophe 
happened which we are about to relates 

On Wednesday, the 14th of December, 1763, fif^ 
Jyseven men from some of o»r frontier townships, 
wlio had projected, the destreclionof tbi» littfer com- 
monvvealth came all well mounted, and arfficd with 



r 



^ 



$i4 ' A^^PENDllL 

lirelocks, hangers autl halchets, having travelled 
throu9:h the country in the ni^rht to Gonesto^oo ma- 
nor. There th(?y surroTiiided the small village of In- 
dian hnts, and just at breuk of day, brolie in upon 
them all at once. Only three men, two women, and 
a yonng l)oy were foun<l at home ; tho rest being 
out among the neighbouring wliite people ; sorac to 
sell their baskets, brooms and bowls, they mariufac- 
tured, and others, on other occasions. These poor 
defenceless creatures were immediately firc<l upo:^ 
stabbed and hatchetcd to death ! The /rood She- 
liaes, among the rest, cut to pieces in his bed ! All 
of them were scalped, and otherwise horribly mang- 
led. Then their huts were set on fire, and mo^t of 
tlicm burned down. ^ - 

The Magistrates of I^ancastcr seat out to_ collect 
the remaining Indians, brought them into the towa, 
for their better security against aay fuither attonapt; 
6nd, it is said, condoled with them on the misfortune, 
that had happened, took them by the hand, and 
promised th^protectioru 

They were put into tho workhouse, a strong buildr 
ing, as the place of greatest safety. 

These cruel men again assembled themselves; 
and hearing that the remaining fourteen Indianft 
Were in the workhouse at Lancaster, they suddoalx 
appeared before tliat town, on the twentyseventh of 
December. Fifty of them arii^^ as before ; dis<- 
luounting, went directly to the Mt)rkiioa?>o, and by 
yiolenco broke open tlix^ door, and catoreci with t!io 
utmost fury in their cxjuntenances. When tlic poor 
ivrjBtches saw they had «o protection nigh, nor cc^uW 
possibly escape, and being without the least wear 
pon of defence, they divitted their little families, the 
children clinging to their parent^^ : they fell on their 
facos, protested Iheir innocence, declared llioir 
love to the English, and that, in tlieir whole livcsf 
they had never done them injury ; and in this pos.- 
We, they all receiixd the hatchet I Men, womeh 



APPE,NDI3l. 345 

and children, were every ote inlmmasuly murdered 
in cold blood I 

The barbarous men, wJio committea the attrocious 
fact, in defiance of government, of all laws, Iiuman 
and divine, and, to the eternal disgrace Of their coun- 
try and colouf, then mounted tlnjir hofs^es, huzzaed, 
in triunlph, Us if they had gained a vi(5l<:)ryy and rodq 
off unmolested ! 

The bodies of the ifttirder<>d were then broUj?li^ 
out, land exposed in the street, till a hole could bp' 
made in the ear^h, to receive and co-^er tliem. But 
the wickedness cannot be Covered, and the guilt will' 
lie on'lhe whole knd, liM justice is done on the mtiT^ 
dercrs. The hlodd of the in'iioeenf linli cnf fo heaveti 
Jot vengeance. 

SR^twWistandin'g: ifie pyoefenfmtioite artrf eMeair 
vours of the Goverhour on the occasi<3in, tlve ttmrder- 
fers having given out siich threatening's agaifngt ihcise' 
that disapproved their pfoceedings, that the Whofe' 
eountry seems to be in terror, and no one durst 
Speak what he knows; even the lettcts from thenco 
Oire unsigned, in which any disKfcc is expressed of 
the rioters.'" 

Mr. Proud* adds to the above narrative, that, *• So 
far had the infection ?:pread, which «ausdd this ac- 
tion, and so much had fear seized the nnnds of the- 
people, or perhaps both, that neither thp printer nor 
the writer of thi» publication, fhough supposed to be 
as nearly connect<»d as Franklin and llall were at 
that time, and men of the firtf character' in their way, 
did not in^eii either their naincs, or places of abode, 
in it ! It v/as printc;rd while thft insurgents were pre- 
paring to advance towtifds Phiindclphia ; or on their 
Way th\jjier ; it appeared to Imvc some effect, in pre- 

• See his Bifct. Pc-ftirsyivanift/ 1^ SiiO to S'iS. [I would re-- 
mind the reader, that no compnrisoa hhoaid hive Uttir m^de^ 
in note 2, to page 147, belwof^n the treatment of tfie Indians 
ill Newengland, and Pennsylvania ; for Mr. Makin wrote 
Lefore any material difficulties had occurred in that pro* 
Tipce.J 



I 



346 APPENDllt. 

\'teritmg the threaterKHl conscqdeiices, by exciting an 
i'xertion of endeavours, in the citizenry, for that pur- 
p')so ; and being a rehitioji of real facts, though writ 
iii a liurry, it wafe never answered or contracucted." 

XV.— ^KUUBLES MItH tHE I^TDIANd IK THE LATC WiJfc 

WITH ENOIiAKDi 

Br:FORE the (lt?c]r.ration of Ivar took place bertveipti 
Aineri<*a and (rreut Britain^ tlie ItKiians along (lie 
frontier^, very much alarmed the inhabitant^ by their 
hostile appearancfe* /, . 

Thii fMiioiJs Indian wafrlbitr, Teciiniseh, had Ijeeti 
known for his enmity to civilization, and tittei- diver- 
sion to the while people, froni the time of Harmer'd 
defeat ; add, like the celebrated Philip, had extend- 
ed Ki^ kiideavciurs, fer and tvide, among the Various 
liibes of liis countrymen, to iinit^ thetii iti msikiiin' 
war on the Americans, tlis eloquence wiis ifi-es'iste* 
ble, and his success was great. It is siiflicicint td 
observe, that the English had early engaged hltn iii 
their cause. Much was also imposed on the credu- 
lity of those people by a brother of Tecuuisch, who 
professed the spirit of prophecy, and the att of con- 
juration ; in the exercise of which, much was effect-* 
ed. He was known by the name of " Tlie Prophet.'* 

In 1811, Gt)vernour Harrison of Indiana, met tf 
lafgo number of chiefs at Vincennes, to confer about' 
the state of affairs. Tecuittsch appeared there, to 
remonstrate against the sale of certain lands, made 
bv tlie Kicisapoos and others. In a speech of great 
cfoquenc'i. he urged the Wrongs of his countrymen^ 
by the encroachments of the wliites, of which ho 
gave a faithful history. In the Govcrrtpur's aiLSAver, 
he a'lvanded something which Tecumseh thought, of 
)^'orhaps knew to be wrong. At which he raised \\\h 
toniJihawk, and t%venty or tliirty others followed hii 
example, l^ut Harrison had taken the precaution Xa 
have a sufBcient force at hand, which prevented any 
acts of violoncf^ This broke up the confereacoi ittx<]^ 

war tt'fiii tfoou cxiMjctiid ^o folio w, - ^ 



APPENDIX. 8t7 

Batile of Tippeccmoe, Toward the lattar end of 
the year 1811, the appearance ot* th.- Iiuliuiis vvas s-j 
fil«rniing, that Gov. lliivris.ou, with jin army of about 
2000 liioiii, niarchc4 hitp the Tn-l'Mtt couJitry. Om 
arriving within a mile of tlie Proj. hot's Ui\\i% tliey 
V'ere wet by a number of chiefs, v.liosricjd |')i- '^viacv.*, 
and begged for their lives?. Hurrii^r.n d; «r.i;-''. ;* tb.^ 
4%lunder taken from, the. A^^ricans. 1; ooin^qr near 
i.ight, G Novefnhur, they KqiiOitci thi^ atuny to 
eneamp, and in the morning, they \vt)uM acceUe tt) 
his proposals. Tiie intri:T«''i was f\)istvustod, and tI>o 
iioveriv>i|r drew qp lii.^ -* 'V ii^ pr,h ;r of battle, :vu{ 
encamped for tlje night. x'Vbout i'<Mir o elocii ^h*i(. 
carnp >vas attacked with great inv^eiUMsity, nsiJ i-hii 
battle v/as for some time doubtful aijii ))io'>dv. i^it 
at Icngt'i, the Inditvriy, W< |U) overpower* c). an.l tiw; 
victory \\%ri qpmplevo. About ^i^Op of their v.a- 
riours strewed the ground pf battle. Tlui behaviour 
pf tlic Americans, many of wliom had nev«:;- ;;oc ii 
an engagement before, cannot bo too nnici* i.pr.Kind- 
ed. When the battle began, eaqif tooJi his post 
without noif^e, and with calmness. Their hxss i;i 
valua'ole 'ilHeorg was sey(:ie : They wvine t!ie.<e j kill- 
ed, Ooj. Ab^ahaiii Owens, thg;iiovernonp*s aid ; T'o), 
Jo.»-epIi Jf. Da^icgj p. very eminent iawyf:*-; (.'f>l. 
White;, ('jipt. W^iiripk, Capt. Spe;icer, J/cut. Mc- 
MaiiOft. Lieut. Perfv, an*! Capt. Bean. 

./lii rxffd'itio7i qgaimt the JVcsUm Indians. — 
For the purpose of driying tiie ho*'liJc Indans out 
of tlie liaiits of the U. StJiies, >u cxpe<iihon wu^ 
jf>n foot early in Oetol^^r, consisting o^ 4000 mc^a ui • 
/der Gen. Jlojkijjs. After relieving fort Harris- 
^JjovG nj' nti >ju d, he crossed tlie Wuba.sJi and e • 
/caujped but (ew miles di:Nlant. Il^ne discoiit(ji 
were discovered Hniong the s.'.hiicrs, which very so 
broke out jut'j open disobedien<po of oivh rs. Ti:... 
great army was composed of raw rnililia,,oi' which lit- 
tle could be r.\p<'cted: and,butf(rr the ^rsistaijce al- 
fbfdcd fcrt Ilarrisoii, tlic expcdtti^^ii wcul i liuya beeu 



fcndere(l .eiUircly abortive. A certain Major rode 
.lip to tbe Generiil, aTjd with great authority of ex- 
pression, commaiulod hiin to return. Seeing ttie 
state of his men, the Genoral tohl them, jLhat if 509 
■^vould accompany hini, he would proceed in <iucst 
of thr.' eneuxv ; but n(>t a man wo.uUl turn out. He 
then requested them to Ic t him have the direction 
lor a single day ; to which they absented. IJe thev 
put himself at tiieir head, and ordored Ibcm to 
inarch; but they filed off in a contrary direction, 
and marched oii' to fort I{arrison; and the General 
Ibilowed in the rear. Ai their eucQ^^ipment in ja, 
^eat prairie beyond the Wabasi), the grass ^vaH disr 
4^ovcrcd to be on fire, ar^d driven by a fusrce wind 
directly toward their ciunp^ This ^\'^B au Iiidioo 
trap. But the iV'^^^i'i^^^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^'^ grass abotiC 
thi^in, and were thereby delivered from a formidable 
onset by the ilamea. Th^ same pfficcr, ufterwaAi 
performed j^ sji^ccoBsfiil e.vjiedifipfl agftint;^ tjhc In-p 
/dians. 

^^ffair of the river Raisin. Out of sympathy fiir 
the inhabitants of IVenchtown, who were threatened 
with an Indian niassacre, an imprudent step. Wii9 
itaken by the Americans. Gcfi. Winchester bad ta- 
ken post at the rapid 3, when lie received a pressing 
Tequosjt from those inhabitjuits, for his protection, 
AccoEdingly, he defjpatched Col. Lewis with 3'v» 
men for their relief. On his arrival, he found tlio 
Indians already in possession of the plare, but he at- 
tacked them in their works, aqd drove them from tlio 
place, and encan^ped on the same ground. Two 
days after, 20 December, (ren. Winchester arrived 
witli tJie main army. Their force now consisted of 
7r)0 men. These operations went on without tbe 
knowledge of Gen. Harrison, the commander in chief,, 
whose knowludgc of the situation of tlic country, 
^oavinced him of their extreme danger. French- 
town is sitiUited only 20 miles from Maiden, a strong 
Brtiisb post^ of v^ supcriour force to the Americans^ 



itPPENDIX. 349 

mnd the intervening waters were covered with solid 
ice. It was also 70 miles from any American 
place, from whence they could expect supplies* 
Their situation did not escape the notice of the Brit- 
ish. Col. Proctor, with GOO English and above 
1000 Indians under the two Indian chiefs, Splitlog 
.and Roundhead, appeared before their camp at day 
break, on the 22 January, 1813, and immediately 
:began the attack. The Americans' works not being 
Jarge enough to contain their small force, 1 60 were 
posted vvitiiout. The numbers of the enemy enabled 
liim to dispose of his force, as to cut off all means of 
.retreat. The attack was first made on those without 
ifce fort, who were soon forced to give way. ', They 
iied across the river, and were pursued by the ene- 
my, and cut to pieces. One hundred men^ in two 
/Companies, left the works, and went over to their as* 
sistance, and shared jthe same horrid fate. General 
Winchester and Col. Lewis, in Kome manoeuvre, weirc 
taken prisoners. The little army now in possession 
of the .pickets, maintained the unequal fight until 1 1 
^f the clock, when Gen. Winchester capitulated foi 
them. I^ was particularly stipulated that l(ie wound* 
ed should be protected from the savages. Tho 
army stijl consisted of upwards of 500 men, and not 
until a flag had passed three times would they con- 
sent to surrender. But knowing their situation 
to be desperate, they consented under assurance 
fVom the British ofScer, that their lives and proper- 
tics should be protected. We shall now see, with 
what faith the semi barbarian, Proctor, acted. No 
^oner had this brave band submitted, than they saw 
what wa» to follow. The tomahawk and scalping 
knife were indiscriminately employed among the 
dead and wounded ; officer's side arms were wrest- 
cd from them, and many stript and robbed* About 
60 wounded Americans strewed the battle grotmd, 
who, by the kindness of the inhabitant? were remov-^ 
ed into bpoief. But horTi4't(i te^ the next day, a 
■^30 



960 J^PEND!X. . < 

body of those savages were permitted to return, and 
after scalping and murdering to their content, set. 
fire to the town, and ail were buried beneatii the 
oonflagration, except a few that cou14 travel, who 
were marched into the wilderness. 

Defence of fort Meigs, General Harrison had 
established his head quarters at Franklintowq, previ* 
ous to the battle of the river Raisin, fpr the greater 
facility of transnoitting orders, &.C., ^o the ditierent 
posts. After that aiTair took place, h^ coqcentrated 
his forces, consisting of 1200 naen, at the liupids, 
and there threw up a fort, wliieh, in honour of the 
Governour of Ohio, w^s called fort Meigsc The ene« 
my made their appearance about the 28 Appl, and 
$oon after, began to construct batteries on the op- 
posite side of the river. But in this business they 
proceeded slowly, frolic the annoyance of fort Meiga^ 
and were obliged to perform their labours in'ue 
night. They at length succeeded in erecting twc^ 
batteries of heavy cannon, and a mortar. Thesebe- 
gan furiouslv to play upon the American works, but 
were several tinies silenced. Proctor sent an insp^ 
lent summons to Harrison, to surrender ; ho returned 
an answer according as it merited. The siege was 
continued, and the Indians from the tops of the tree^ 
fired into the fort and killed several men. General 
Harrison now received information, that two regi- 
ments from Ohio, which were expected, were near 
at hand. He despatched orders to their General 
for a party to attack tfie cneipy's works at one point, 
while a party from the fort, should act simultaneous-i* 
ly on another part. Eight hundred men under Col. 
Dudley of the Ohio men, and aiiother body under 
Col. Miller, were immediately in motion. Col. Dud- 
ley led his men up in the face of the enemy's cannon, 
and overy battery was carried, almost in an instant, 
and the British and Indians fled with great precipi- 
tation. These fugitives were met by a largo body of 
Indians under Gen. Te6 ;msch« Thi^'fofnoiM w^r^ 



fioiiir, expecting llie Americans to pursue, (ottAtd ad 
ambush, and waited tlieir approach. Col. Dudley's 
men were so elated at their success, that thev could 
hot be restrained from pursuing the fugitives, although 
their Colonel used his utmost endeavours. They 
accordingly pressed 6n, and immediately found them- 
selves surrounded by the savages. Here another 
horrid slaughter followed ; but, different from that 
.lit Raisin, for iTecumseh interposed for the lives of 
those that surrendered, and hot like Proctor, did he 
turn his back oh those barbarities. He even laid. a 
thief dead at his feet, for persisting in the. massacre. 
About 650 men wfere killed and missing in this af- 
fair. The lamented Dudley was among the former, 
^he party under Col. Miller, performed their part 
Admirably, and after spiking the cannon, returned to 
icamp with upwards of 40 prisoners. These operar* 
!^chs made the enemy relinquisli liis (iesigt^ and ad 
immediately drew off. The distinguished, names of 
Cioffhan, Todd, Johnson, Sedgwick, Ritzen, Stod* 
4dard, and Butler will live in the annals of their couh- 
try* The last mentioned was a son of Gen. Bi^tlei^ 
who fell ih St. Clair's defeat. , 

Battle qf the Moravian tawtiSy and death qf jih 
cumseh. After the great naval victory oH the liike^ 
acliicved by the American fleet, under thei gallant 
Ferry, Proctor abandoned Maiden, and took a posi- 
tion on the river Thames. His precipitate move- 
ments were displeasing to Tecumseh, who thoughl- . 
the situation of his brethren entirely disfegaided,. by 
their being left open to the Americans* In aspeeca : 
to Proctor, he reprobates his conduct in very pointed ♦ 
terms. He says, "The war before this, [meaning the re^^ "^ 
volution] our British father gave the hatchet torhis lei - 
children, when our old chiefs were alive. They are now 
dead. In that war our father [the king] was thrown on 
his back by the Americans, and he afterward took 
them by the hand without our k&owledge, and we ore 
afraid he will do^so again at this time. Listen, yoyt 
told us to bring our fiunilies to this place, anA " 



352 APPENDli. 

4^id so. You promised to take care of them, and 
that they should want for nothing. Oar ships have 
gone one wny, and we are very muchr astonished to 
»ee our father [Proctor] tying up every thing, and 
preparing to ron away the oth^r. You aiways told 
us you never could draw your foot off British ground ; 
but now, father, we see you are drawiiigr back withi* 
out seeing the enemy* We must .compare our fe- 
ther's conduct to a fat animal, that carries his tail on 
his back, but. when affrighted, drops it between its 
legs and runs off." This though a few detached parar- 
graphs, will serve to give some acquaintance with' 
the great chief. Proctor, after considerable manoeu- 
vring, was unable to escape with all his baggage> 
beinff hard pressed by Harrisefti in" every move up 
the Thames. At length the two armies met in the 
vicinitv of the Moravian towns. 5 October 1813, and 
a fierce battle was fought. Tecumseh's ihaTaiff 
were in possession of a' thick wood, who, with ftfc 
British regulars, had formed iSieir line of battle, o» 
advantageous ground. Gen. Harrison, with his aids, 
(?om. Perry, Capt- ButTer, and Gen. Cass, led the^ 
front line, while Col. Johnson", xvith the mounted meif^ 
was ordered to charge at full speed, and break their 
line. They were immediately in motion, and though 
the horses recoiled on receiving the fire of the Brit- 
ish and Indians, yet, it was momentary, and their im- 
petuosity bore down all before them. The enemy's 
line was broken in an instant and Johnson's mount- 
ed men were formed on their rear, and poured in • 
tremendous fire upon them. The British officers 
finding'it in vain to rally again' at t\m pointy surren- \ 
<lered. A body of savages under Teciimseh, still ' 
disputed the ground, and Col. Johnson fell, in the \ 
thickest of the fight, almost' covered with wounds. . 
Tecumseh in person flew towards him, with his tomar ! 
hawk raised, to give him the fatal blow. Johnson,. ^ 
though faint from loss of blood, had strength to draw 
J^is pistol, and laid Tecumseh A|bad at his feet. 



APPENDIX. 9SS 

1/tticir die mighty chief fell, the Indian}? all left the 
ground. At another point, a division attempted to 
make an impression upon the American infantry, but 
the venerable Gov. Shelby (one of the heroes of 
King's mountain) supported them with another regi- 
ment, and the enemy were immediately routed. 
The l^ottest of the fight was where Tecumseh and 
Johnson fell. Thirty Indians and six Americans lay 
within a few yards of tlie spot. ; Proctor fled witli 
great precipitation, but his carriage was taken with 
all his papers, and even his sword. Eight pieces of 
artillery were taken, six of which were brass. Three 
of these were trophies of the revolution, which were 
surrendered by Hull. The Americans had not above 
50 killed and wounded. Of the British 600 were ta- 
ken prisoners, and 70 killed and wounded, and up- 
wards of a hundred Indians were left on the field* 
Thus ended the Indian wars in the west. Their 
combination was now entirely broken up, and the 
frontier settlements, which for a long time had en- 
^dof'ed all the horrours of Indian barbarities, were» in' 
BOme degree, liberated. 

30* 

FINIS. 



ADDITIONAL NOTES AND CORliECTIONS. 

On pare xv, a note should have followed the word IJirti-' 
man. and mention made, that Hyrtania is now the methoil 
of writing the name of that ancient country ; andj that of 
course, the adject i\.? wonld differ from that used in the text/ 

On p.ige 22, t!i'» citation " Majcnalia, II, 486," in line tf 
and 7 irom top of notes, should have followed the preceding 
Kcntrnce. 

On page 5, line 5, from hottom of test, read Dellano for 
l>e1ano. 

On page 114, note 1, in the word Malapmset^ ih^ first f 
should he doubled. 

On pa<;e 200, line 6, from bottom of text, read Amerasco- 
gen for AmeneuBscogcn, 

On pa4E6<^i« lin€ ^i i*rom top of text, read John Brown 
for Jos. t^rif^. . 

Though in tiai^ old copy it was printed as I give it, yet, the 
fame person is meant, I think) as on page 253, line *5, troin 
top of text. 

On page 289, strike out the words previous to this iimex 
from line 8, from bottom of text. ^ 

The late appearance of Judge Davis' edition of *« Mor* 
ton's Memorial," prevented my profiting in time from his in- 
valuable informaiion on Philip's war ; and, I can only refer 
the reader to his hook, where, though, as he says of another. 
' he may have announced more than will be discerned," yet", 
it will not be lers interesting to all. — ^Though my limits arc 
very narrow, 1 cannot close this note, without reminding the 
reader, that the manner of the death of Alexander, as relat- 
ed in my notes, is incorrect. It appears from the honourable 
author just mentioned, that no compulsive means were used 
or necessary, to make him visit Plymouth, but that he went 
there cheerfully > and left on friendly terms to return home ; 
but in 3 or 3 days, something called him that way again, 
and he was taken sick at Maj.Winslow\s house, from whence 
lie was conveyed home, and died soon after. — The cite of the 
f»reat swamp fight at Narraganset, the Judge thinks is 
wrongly stated in this history,, with respect to its distance 
from the south feriy ; and,, that 17 miles would compare bet- 
ter than 7. Mr.- Hoyt agrees with Churchy, and I nave not 
liad opportumty to satisfy myself* 

■ 

Little time b^s been found to compare and examine for 4t^ 
rours, which will unavoidably appear too numerous in % 
work of thit kiod ; in punctuation, in particalaiT, it is re- 
pretodj tbsil tbe^ are so prevalei^ 



% 



\ 



5^55] 



INDEX 



» 



i 
I 



Ix the following Index, some explanations m«y be wanting, & it jil^lbni* 
from works of this kind in general. All Indian names of places are giircn; 
but places having only an English name, are not given, unless they havor 
been noted for some depredation, nr having their situations described. 
^Vndas every circumstance in a history may La found by an In^^ jof prcK . 
per names, it was thought needless to name thera, as it only 'rubKwrtiprow 
Mxity. . i 

Assawomset 27, 97. - 
Asuhmeqbin 133, 134, 135, 142L 
Aubert carries off natives 2S7. 
Augnr Lieut., killed 314. 
Awashonks 21 to 27, 57, 76 to SS 
85 to 92, 111. ? 

B. 



Acushnet 98. 

Adams' Ilisf . Ncweng. 30, 32, 49, 68. 
Adams President John 151. 
Adams Samuel xii. 
Addington Isaac 157, 217, 231. 
Agamcnticus 24. 
Agawom 89, 119, 144, 298. 
Agincourt battle 2G5. 
Akkompoin, Philip's unclc,killed 110. 
Alb3!narl Duke of 207. [238. 

Aldcn Cap. John 196, 197, 201,228, 
Alden John 297. 
Alden William 226. 
Alderman 47, kills Philip 126. 
Alexander dies 18, 134, 148. 
Allen*s Biog. Diet, xii, xr\', 24, 28, 

31, 88, l:)3, 146, 150, '2, '6, 207' 
Allen Samuel 181. 
Allen Thomas 181. 
AUerton John 297. 
Allerton Mr. Isaac 297. 
Almy Cap. John 18, 40. 
■.Andover220. 

Andros Cap. Elisha 194, 201, 204. 
Androscoggin 184, 186. 
Andros Sir Edmund 120, 150, 151, 

162, 154, 164, 173, 250. 
Annawun xiv, 106, 124, 127, 129, 

131, 132, 133, ]I34, 136, 137, tm, 

ken 138, put to death 146. -... 
Annnawon's rock 136. 
Aponaganset 50, 5j, 98, 10<^. ' 
Applcton Maj. Samuel 65, 67. 
Aquetneck 19. 
Arrowsike 163, 169,^ S27 
y^rrahawikfralmint 824.. 



X 



Baker Thomas 190. 
lliikr.r J^iout., killed 275c 
Barlow's Columbiad iv, 46, 128. > 

Hams 102. 

liar row Sauv 115, 119« 
Baxter — — 49. 
Bean Cap., killed 347, 

Beard , killed 318. 

Beers Cap., killed 54. 

Belcher Cap. Andrew 62, iSS$, ' 

Belcher Mr., wounded 33. 

Bclloniont Gov. 250. 

Belknap's Amer. Biog. xv, 24, 32',* 

* 134, 287, '8, '9, 298, '4, 299, 800. 

Belknoii's Hist. N. li. xiii, 21, 152, 

161, 164, 1S6, 187, 203, 259 ''" * . 

289, 315, 331. 
Bennet Scr^'eaut 57. ^ 

Benylhon Cap. 311. 
Berry Llsntk, killed 347. 
BiHingtoB John 297. 
BUh Cap. 327. 
BUmp Mr. A. 13& 

Bottd 226^ 

fiomazeen 329, killed 330. 
BouTM Ca^ 328. 
Bowon Peter 837, 338. 
Bozman's tiiet. 177. ... *' 

Bracket Cap. 166, 191, 224,^td^'7r 
[Bradlbrd Mij. 80, 59, 84» 85, 861 



35G 



l^DfiX. 



Bradford Mr. Win. 290, 294, 296,'CoIman Dr. Benjamin iv 



V 



2a7, SOO, 301, S02. 
Xrad-street (Jo v. 152, 157. 
Braton hicpheii 197. 
»row.mcr Mr. William 297. 
Bridgcwater 25. 

Brid^way Jarmaii 228, 229, 230. 
Brittorige Kichord 296, 297. 
Broelebank Cap., killed 70. 
Brookfield 53. 

Brown Cap. John 252, 281. 
Brown Mr. James 27, 2!>, 31. 
Brown Peter 297. 
Bulkley Gcrshom 62. 
Biill'8 garrison 57. 
Bump Jolin 144. 
Butler Cap. 351, 352. 

c. 

Calef 8 Hist, witchcraft 196, 220. 
Canunchct 73, taken 107, killed iOS. 
Canonicus, killed 104. 
Canton Corporal, taken 234. 
Ca.-vcr Gov. John 133, 296, 297, 

298, dies 301, 30^ 
Carver's Travels 21. 
Castinc Baron De St. 152, 164, 165, 

17G, 21.9, 226, 2.93, 261. 
Caughncwaga, 318. 
Cawloy itobcrt 226, 22S. 
Chamberlain John 334> 
Chaniplain Cap. 220. 
Chelmsford 64. 

Chcsly 312. 

Chtgnecto 228, 282. 

Chilton James 297. 

Chubh Cap. 219, killed 220. 

Chubb Serjeant, killed 326. 

(yhiirch Boi.jimin xii. 

Church Deac. Bonj. xii. 

Church Charles xii. 

Church Caleb xi, 197. [274, 281. 

Church Cap. Constant xi, 251, 257, 

Church £dward xii, 262, 2B1. 

Church Joseph xi. 

Church Thomas xi. 

Clark Cap. Wm. 26S. 

Clark Gov. 153. 

Clark Lieut. 169. 

Clark Richard 297, 

Clark's garrison 72, 96. 

Clark's island 299. 

Clinton Hon. De WiU 68: 

Coclieco 161, 314. 

Coddiagton Gov. Wra. 89> 

Colo Col. B. 339,840. 



'^^■<i 



Conestogoe massacre 342 to Zi^. 

Conscience, taken 149. 

Coutoocook 817, 337. [T T 

Converse Cap. Jaioes 189, 192, ld4» 

Cook Cap. Johu 252, '7, 274^ 28L 

Cook Elisha 160. 

Cook I'Vaiicis 297. 

Cook John 101. 

Cousins Isaac, killed 314. 

Crackston John 296, 297. 

Cranfield Gov. 186. 

Cranston Gov. Jolm 38, 31^, 62.^ 

Croghau Geo. 351. 

Crosa , killed. 314. 

C^idworth Maj. 30, 35, 30, S7. 
Curwin Jonathan 221. 
Cuslmet 98. 

D. 

D'Ailleboat 318. 

Danforth Gov. 15€, 160, l$$. ■ 

Dartmouth 50, 51. 

O'Aubri Nicholas 187. 

Daveii]»ort Cap., killed 68. 

Davics Col., killed 347. 

Davis Cap. Silvauus 160, liL- 

D'Caliers 320. 

Deborahuel 225. 

Deertield 54, 243, 321. 

Demot, 187. 

Dennison C»p. 66, 64, 73, JOT 

Dcrmcr Cap. Thonsas SOI. 

D'Frontenac Count 224. 2S0; 

Dillsno 101 to 103. 

D'Mantei 318. 
D'Mouts 220. 
Donoy 184, 185, 190. 
Derey Edward 2!^6, ^7. 
Douglass' Ilisi. 41', 61, 62, 74. iA 

142, 145, 245, 2o6, 269, 271, 2W, 

284,2*^6. 
Drake Sir Francis 287. 
Dubois 282, 284. 

Dudley Col., killed 851. [256, 9k- 
Dudley Gov. Joseph 250, 251 & 
Dudley Thomas 152, ?49. ' 

Dustan Mrs. Hannah 316 to 8I7» 

wight Dr. 146, 308. 
r Cap. John 252, 2S1. 
*!W261. 

!H&ph51,52. 
Eaton Francis 297. 
Edce Sor^reant 26£>. 
Edmundtf' Cap; 62, 176. . 




Elint Cap.' J«lm B2li, 327, , HanMHiaam IBM. 

ELivL'sBioK. pioiioaary ^, G2,U9,'l[inilu iv. 

lai, 1S£ 179, IBl, i07. S1& iHimaa Coa. SSa, Sft. V3», t8». 
Elkrt Kohcn 200. Hjirailat. <;«, J'.hi 2 if.: a-il. 



Engl 



Inglbh Tlia 



11297. 



Forrnar and Mara'zi CollectioM tii, 
I»3, 257, S9e/S:i,i3G^33(i,S3a/ 

Fallriv.' IV, 43. 
rcrnalJ ^Tltliaui SOil/ 

>'l»chFr Moiua 190, S97. 

rotfliuirt fcnr li , 

Fnfb« \v>iiia« it't 109, as> 

TiKCfnrHsu' day aS. 
^VeTaihw' rodi :]kli. 

IViMl Cap. SIS. 
m« M.var2()3,»e 
I'rjD Caii.' JiAnet 3&1. 
VrTuCjui. Nalluri'iui 203, £06. 
IVtc Rev. htr. 3..0. •laiiulcil XU. 



Fu)la 
FallnE 



r.1297. 



u. 

Oarillo.* SrO. 

WnlioirCar-'liKlBJ 09.- _ 

, OaIK,> (^an. Jo.'iii 304, BOC, 

Ranlinur Cup. kLllcH 08. 

( CeorseSl "». 

, Uid>»^v t.ul. Banhoknnw 198, 2J, 
■ Uil« Liont. »t. 



(ioM i.lMd 43. 
, CkhIiub .^>Jui £97. 
; «u.-!iaai Cap, Julrn MI, M7. 203, 
2SS. 261, 270. 2-.S, 27SI, 2S]. 

eurtonKav Snniiicl »«, 1U4. 

VoKioUIBarlbaluinaw 3St. 

OoarduiMiru. 260,261) lakw m 



tEflo-iWiie j'-tui hi, 1U6, 2S1, 28& 



Kiu)<Vy Gm>. Ttiwual Hi, 1&3, laib 

olmw' Amer. Aanili jii, 21, «,• 
49, 6.).H, 60, 70.96, 1(13, ISfc- 

iM>, ic4 IS!, 1T7, ai7, a:o, 27* 

2ST,2i^, SSO, «I4, ^». 
onrynel Li«il. 903, 2S6. 

Ilnpkiiit air. Sicphmi M, S9T.- 



Iluwh 



. hknJ 2o7 



hioharil 2 






UH^I^ 



Ml, t-13. 

iowlUKd .Ti^ir8», 114, 297. 

ii>['i; ItewarchuaSe, 6S, 39j. 

mbhard'i Natrative .Lv.Sfl, 21, 2^ 
£7, 23, SO, Sa, 3^), 3S, %, 97, 19, 
^■1, J7, 19, 62, M, 6ft, 66, 87, 

»:), ea, >3, SI, 106, 109, no, 
iia, ui, 117, 118, iiM, r^f 
i:!l, i-'f, 1-12, ui. I'le, I4S, I'ta, 

1<tU, 10(i, Ml, 203, K23^ BU;i, 3(», 
611,314,11.10. 

[gbbird Rev. VVm. ill. 
lucking* Mn. 167, :8a. 



lUaP.28S, £69,^1. 

lor Cap. 49. 

:).in«D MaJ. 201. 

ilumon Cap. 36,59^ 

HiiIdhlniDo'iHiaCinTili. iHi, liv, 3^ 

&, 29, SO, 81, 32, »1. Jti, 27, 49, 

W, 63, 68, 74, 96, lijS, I '0, iSS, 

l)t4, 13d, 14j, lib, 154. .Hi, m, 

17^, 229, i:i\, Sis, 2:s, iss, 211. 

"'■ -" — 279, 281, 266, aSO^. 



Illj-r 



^e.s: 



v.BM. 



3S8 



IbcrvillB S19, n>' 

li'Miut, iiiiiTilKir will ICTB, M. 


Miion L'.:,. J.,l,» SU6, S07, SDg. 
M.i«,<. Slnivtl 1I>0. [UOl, M. 


.Hd„i«o,li„,.IH,ff4.llO.IaB.l»l. 
26. 4T, SO, KB, UtI. ItO. I6», 110, 


171, i:6, 177, i;», 184, lb-?. ]Wi 


''"*"'"' ^' J. 


llrl, l»a, a«2. 206, »7, 210, as, 


■2-21}, 24U, :;il, 319. :ii7, SW, aiL 


J»H,H., I-ifPt. 520. 


.M>i<iii)>ui.'"ii;>2, 1U6. 


J..ni«t.H.-«l- 


M.U«lo.e IM. 


J ll'^HH IM. 


MufleU M[^ >^~ IT*. 


i.),„.^ftp v-ntisa. 


MaTKa<nr,»bif2JI4.' 


jmi«> Lr«|.. an. 


MhKh^ «i. 


K. 


K.:..I.L-bL'.:k 111. 

Koycx ^lufnou, WounM 338. 


M.=,u.ai.uk»i>»4t 


Sp;L%SU 


K>.nb^;)Tlu>Mu, killed 31B. 
I.uwfl.ir. aw. tiiii 

L. 

.nftu™ 161, ?BB. aw, „^ 


Mil»B«v.J.>bnSI, 3» 




>l.- — ^1, 


M<,iio^'n<ffil 239. 


.alie Cop.. killMl les. 


M....;.niiml.t4. 


J.«,bfc^:j..l.„.2B2,!Bl. , 


yi;,c^ii^ 107. 


.«»u>crM, »W- 


M.„,.«,i™. 16.,J-.!. 


.«kln|C«p. MM. 


r,iDQtKuiE£i,3aj. 






.lUlin^ Cnf.. kHIOd u4. 


Mr Wii Annul! 'lil, 124, IM, IV. 


.^ll-o|, J,Jm 181. 




^<- AbnlHin. k<>WI IfiS.- 


mi, w, l;;3, !:;< iS4. 34», £i)i 

208, S»5,2tfe, ISS, liSW, 30*. '. 


LmMk. 1(13, IV-i- 


i^o lUv. S»ioM .i>. IB* ^ ^ 


Morion '1 tuHnaa SJ, ii-l. 


L"irt.rJM«».-ii!i*. llo2 


Mmely Cap- S«n«l «>, 67. 


I.irf..K*i (,■«?. 1W,1(H.». 111. 167 


Jtt.ul[.,. (.■«. 8«, 826, S29, 3S«, 

ISulliMte. Willie. 887. 


titu.ii:*n-i..J.fciiii«.2M. 




Mani.u.r,^A 94, 96. 


J(. 


Mj.rckta,i.l.iM36t,a»t,2Pl. 




N. 

S«n«kek..29fl. [ItB. 


]U(>.hallui.l »I3. 


Nmunllciioo, lak«n IfrT.pot M ilnlH 


MuiNil tiir Ikberl >». 


N«rragHo.Bi. illi, 17, IS, DuuiMrgf 


:M.l4,ub3» 


ip i6J6, ai.se. M. 


.I.uiu4Bm. 


■JoflUig 2.%, 3;2. 


il.iq«"i[ JHfl, EW _ 


Niuliii.u.ll2a,iS0,l31. 


M.ir^uMrtolii.u.iil !i36, 297. 


Nau^Fl 2W). 


K«ffMi«M:ir:( 815, 316,317. 


M-tdlisllCsii-. killed sa 


Xei>m.-k» JW. ' 


N.top.u7.61. 


Mirlin flit. Chri,lg(*or 37. 


N.™|il^(ift»U 



CeL P)3, i.W, Zn. 



IB., killed 3>t3,3r4 

1MI1U39. 

>«K £7, 37. 

o. 

>. Jobn, killed spa, 3QV. 



il.. kilM IMT. 
P. 






M[le.'tTtci46. 
in, IHt. 1H0, 2IM. 
UBn9,JtO,21<l. 



pDrpuiqlll-), 1S7, 119. 

-Wl.c/'i>,.. Th-m«32. H. flO. 
•rir.uo (Iw, JS, 3S9. 
•r.-:.-,n„. ,J^V,ii.,iii.S4,H 

lis, 2»i, 3fl 1. sue. 

PmiTd'illi,!. iv, 148, Si!, 8^ 
■m, ^;ilc'4 5K. <U. 10V 



.i.il«mn.i)i 110. 
..lucut ». ' 
iiiibeck ITT. SZt. 
uiiiiiipmI03,](l|. IIL 

R. 

n>iliTh Sif Vfjtrr 2ji7. IM.- 
" "uimHiFiwnSfo, a:d,killea3» 
.ultl JMsi'b di, 
....■b-ik3e.». 
H4j^iilnJti)ii>SM,»7. 



S<>biu 



tmn Jolui .-<2i;. »: 
RiihinHiii Itnv, J..hn 2 
l«,lM.m !!„„„<;„ G«.afe 
2«1. a,i, l-TS.' (!„„„ Til M, 597 
3:;)J, S3:i, KiJ. KuwUie J2I, .S;.-2. 



'i!.»l 31% 



1 101 , 18ti. 
Tr, £34. 

7, wv Willi SM. 
t 182. 

n,HM,i34. 

iji Jiji, origin uf liii n^c 



■dm. 
u>. sat. 



ni.BOi. 

> 103. lai, 111. 



i..«i.kiii«.i7a, t 

1 161. Wl. ^ 



Hiirli 



to«r1M,liiIlod3l8. 
W. UanieL 257. 
1«. W(B. Sj3. 

iT.et. 

18,21. 

txiir,18,2S.S». 
fir Joho 171. 



' j.!bMjj. 80,38. 

^i Jio»k en, tSfL 

xioLia&L SIN. 
invltf Muj. 319, 311.